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Module 5 Newspapers and Magazines,漫畫(huà)欣賞,畫(huà)面描述,A little boy is standing in front of a mirror.What he sees in the mirror is what he will be like in twenty years.He believes he will grow up to be a tall and strong young man.,你能否對(duì)此加以擴(kuò)展，寫(xiě)一篇120詞左右的小短文？,寓意理解,We should always look into the future with hope and confidence.,重 點(diǎn) 單 詞,1．congratulation n．祝賀，道賀；pl.賀詞；祝賀的表示 I offer you my hearty congratulations.我衷心向你祝賀。 Congratulations on your promotion！祝賀你得到晉升！[美國(guó)傳統(tǒng)] 【思維拓展】 congratulate vt.祝賀，慶賀，恭喜 congratulate sb. 在……方面祝賀某人,on sth. on doing sth.,【輕巧辨析】 congratulate/celebrate (1)congratulate作“祝賀”解時(shí)，其賓語(yǔ)是人，常與介詞on搭配。 (2)celebrate作“慶祝，慶賀”解時(shí)是及物動(dòng)詞，它的賓語(yǔ)往往是表示 “事物”的詞(節(jié)日、生日、勝利、成功等)，不可以是人。,即景活用,①Today is her birthday，so we’re going to celebrate it. 今天是她的生日，所以我們要慶祝一番。 ②He congratulated me warmly on my excellent exam results. 他熱烈祝賀我考試取得了好成績(jī)。 2．a(chǎn)board prep.在(船、飛機(jī)、火車)上；上(船、飛機(jī)、火車)；adv.在船 (飛機(jī)、火車)上；上船(飛機(jī)、火車) It’s time for passengers to go aboard.旅客們登機(jī)的時(shí)間到了。[美國(guó)傳統(tǒng)] The plane crashed killing all 200 people aboard. 飛機(jī)失事，機(jī)上200人全部遇難。,,,【思維拓展】 go aboard(the plane)登(機(jī)) All aboard！(口)請(qǐng)大家上船/車/飛機(jī)！ Welcome aboard！歡迎登機(jī)/上船/上車！ on board搭乘(船、飛機(jī)等)，相當(dāng)于aboard 【特別提醒】 aboard與abroad，二者容易混淆 abroad adv.在國(guó)外，到國(guó)外，去國(guó)外 go abroad出國(guó),即景活用,③As soon as we went ________ the ship，it left port. A．a(chǎn)board B．to aboard C．a(chǎn)broad D．board 解析：句意：“我們一上輪船，船就離港了?！贝颂巃board是介詞 “上車/船/飛機(jī)等?！?答案：A,3．welcome n．歡迎；vt.歡迎；adj.受歡迎的 We welcome your kind help. 我們歡迎你的熱心幫助。 You are always welcome in my home. 你在我家總是受歡迎的。 They gave the stranger an unfriendly welcome. 他們對(duì)待這個(gè)陌生人不友好。[美國(guó)傳統(tǒng)] 【特別提醒】 (1)“歡迎某人干某事”可以說(shuō)sb. be welcome to do sth.，但不能說(shuō)： welcome sb. to do sth.。 You are welcome to visit China.不能說(shuō)：Welcome you to visit China. (2)“歡迎某人來(lái)到某地”可以說(shuō)：(sb. be)welcome to some place，不可 以說(shuō)：welcome sb. to some place。例如： (You are)Welcome to Jinan.不能說(shuō)：Welcome you to Jinan.,即景活用,④This is my car.You are welcome ________ it. A．for B．on C．with D．to 解析：句意：“這是我的汽車，歡迎你隨便用我的車?！眀e welcome to(use) my car，故答案是to。 答案：D 4．replace vt.放回；取代；代替(相當(dāng)于take the place of) Can anything replace a mother’s love and care？ 有什么能取代母親的愛(ài)和關(guān)心嗎？ I replaced the dish in the cabinet. 我把盤(pán)子放回櫥柜。[美國(guó)傳統(tǒng)] 【思維拓展】 replace.with/by.用……替換，以……接替 replacement n．更換，替換的人(物),【輕巧辨析】 instead of/in place of/take the place of instead of有“代替；而不是”之意，后面可接名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞不 定式或介詞短語(yǔ)等多種形式。 in place of是“代替”的意思，后面只能接名詞或代詞。只有接名詞或 代詞時(shí)才可以和instead of通用。 take the place of是動(dòng)詞詞組，有“代替”的意思。 They will do some homework instead of watching TV. 他們將做作業(yè)而不是看電視。 We shall have fish in place of/instead of meat today. 我們今天吃魚(yú)而不吃肉。 Nylon has taken the place of cotton in making some textiles. 在某些紡織品中尼龍已代替了棉花。,即景活用,完成句子 ⑤Please replace the book (把書(shū)放回)on the shelf. ⑥The surprise in her face was replaced by (被代替)joy. ⑦Cross-roads will not exist on these new highways，but will be replaced by (將被代替)bridges and flyovers. 5．evidence n．證據(jù)，根據(jù)，論據(jù) v．表明，證明；顯示 There wasn’t enough evidence to prove his guilt. 沒(méi)有充分的證據(jù)能證明他的罪行。 Cheers and applause evidenced the audience’s approval. 歡呼聲和掌聲表明了觀眾的認(rèn)同。[美國(guó)傳統(tǒng)] 【思維拓展】 on evidence依據(jù)證據(jù) in evidence明顯的；顯眼的 evident adj.明白的；明顯的 evidently adv.明顯地；顯然地,,,,即景活用,完成句子 ⑧我被要求審訊時(shí)出庭作證。 I was asked to give evidence at the trial. ⑨我們已經(jīng)清楚出了差錯(cuò)。 It has now become evident to us that a mistake has been made. 6．found v．建立，創(chuàng)立，創(chuàng)辦；使有根據(jù) This company was founded in 1924.這家公司創(chuàng)辦于1924年。 When was the satellite city founded？ 這座衛(wèi)星城市是什么時(shí)候興建的？ I’d like to see the research that these recommendations are founded on. 我想看看這些建議所依據(jù)的研究基礎(chǔ)。[劍橋高階] foundation n．建立，創(chuàng)立，基礎(chǔ)，基金，基金會(huì) found.on/upon建立在……基礎(chǔ)上；以……為根據(jù),,,【特別提醒】 (1)find v．“找到，發(fā)現(xiàn)”，其過(guò)去式，過(guò)去分詞為found，found。 (2)found v．“建立，創(chuàng)立，創(chuàng)辦”，其過(guò)去式，過(guò)去分詞為founded， founded。,即景活用,翻譯句子 ⑩我發(fā)現(xiàn)他是正確的。(find) I found him right. ?這座城市是英國(guó)移民于1790年建立的。(found) The city was founded by English settlers in 1790.,,,經(jīng) 典 短 語(yǔ),1．in total加起來(lái)，總共 In total，there must have been 20,000 people there. 加起來(lái)，一定有兩萬(wàn)人去過(guò)那里。 We made ￡700 in total，over three days of trading. 在3天的交易中我們一共賺了700英鎊。[劍橋高階] 【思維拓展】 in all總共 total (up)to合計(jì)；總數(shù)達(dá)到 add up to總計(jì)為，總數(shù)達(dá) sum up總計(jì) total ①adj.完全的，全部的，例如： That’s total nonsense！那是一派胡言！ a total waste of time純粹浪費(fèi)時(shí)間,②n.總數(shù)，總額，例如： What does the total come to？總數(shù)是多少？ ③v.計(jì)算總和，例如： The takings haven’t been totalled yet.總營(yíng)業(yè)額還未算出。,【特別提醒】 in total介詞短語(yǔ)在句中作狀語(yǔ)；total (up)to，add up to和sum up都 是動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。,即景活用,?The expenses ________ $1,000. A．totalled B．a(chǎn)dded up C．a(chǎn)dded to D．a(chǎn)dded 解析：total作及物動(dòng)詞，意為“合計(jì)為”，相當(dāng)于add up to，后面的賓 語(yǔ)為一個(gè)總數(shù)，常和up to連用，構(gòu)成total up to短語(yǔ)，該短語(yǔ)不能用被動(dòng) 語(yǔ)態(tài)。 答案：A,2．now that既然 Now (that) you are grown up，you should not rely on your parents. 既然你長(zhǎng)大了，就不應(yīng)該依靠你的父母。 Now I’ve got a car，I don’t get as much exercise as I used to. 有車之后，我的活動(dòng)量不如從前大了。[劍橋高階] now that引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句，表示“既然”，“由于”，相當(dāng)于since， 在口語(yǔ)中that?？墒÷?而只用now連接從句。now在從句中已失去了“現(xiàn) 在”的時(shí)間概念(從句中不一定要用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài))。嚴(yán)格地說(shuō)，now that含有 “到這時(shí)”，“到達(dá)……的階段或狀態(tài)”的意思。 【輕巧辨析】 now that/because/since/as/for (1)now that是固定短語(yǔ)，意為“既然；由于”，引出原因狀語(yǔ)從句，that 可省略。 (2)because“因?yàn)椤?，表示直接的或?yàn)槿怂恢脑颉?(3)since“既然”(可與now that互換)，側(cè)重主句。 (4)as“由于”，表示顯而易見(jiàn)或已為人所知的原因。 (5)for“因?yàn)椤?，并列連詞，引導(dǎo)一個(gè)分句，不能置于句首。,即景活用,?________ you’ve got a chance，you might as well make full use of it. A．Now that B．After C．Although D．As soon as 解析：使用哪一個(gè)連詞去引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句，關(guān)鍵是要把握好狀語(yǔ)從句和 主句的關(guān)系。通過(guò)上下文句意分析，應(yīng)該是一個(gè)原因狀語(yǔ)，所以選 A(now that)(既然＝since)。句意為：既然你得到了這個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)，不妨好 好地把握它。 答案：A,重 要 句 型,Sean O’Keefe from NASA(National Aeronautics and Space Administration)in the US said that Yang’s space flight was “an important historical achievement and NASA wishes China continuing success with its space flight programme”．來(lái)自美國(guó) 國(guó)家航空航天局的先·奧基夫說(shuō)楊利偉的太空之行，是“一次 重大的歷史成就”，“NASA祝愿中國(guó)在太空飛行項(xiàng)目上繼續(xù)取 得成功”。 wish sb. sth.祝愿某人某事 I wished her a happy birthday.我祝她生日快樂(lè)。 Wish me luck！祝我好運(yùn)吧！,【思維拓展】 (1)wish＋ (2)同義詞hope的用法： to do sth. hope＋ for sth.希望干某事 could/would/might do…(與將來(lái)某實(shí)相反) It is hoped that＋從句 注意：不可以說(shuō)hope sb. to do sth. wish與hope意義上的區(qū)別：,,,,n. sb. sth. to do sb. to do sth. (that)+ 主語(yǔ)+,did(were).（與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反） had done.(與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反) could/would/might do.(與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反),,(3)wish表示“想要、渴望、但愿”僅是個(gè)人的一種愿望而已，通常指某種難以實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，hope表示“希望”，是對(duì)未來(lái)的一種愿望，并有信心實(shí)現(xiàn)這種愿望。 (4)動(dòng)詞區(qū)別：wish，hope與want wants a happy life. Everybody hopes for a happy life. wishes to have a happy life. 每個(gè)人都想要/渴望過(guò)幸福的生活。 I hope (that) you will be happy. (不用wish或want)我希望你會(huì)幸福。 I wish (that) you could be happy. 我祝愿你幸福。,即景活用,?His wish that he ________ so many mistakes in yesterday’s examination is understandable. A．didn’t make B．should not make C．doesn’t make D．hadn’t made 解析：當(dāng)wish作動(dòng)詞用后接賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，在用于“It is/was wished that.”結(jié)構(gòu)的主語(yǔ)從句，以及名詞wish后面的同位語(yǔ)從 句和表語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍須采用三種虛擬語(yǔ)氣的形式。 答案：D,高 考 經(jīng) 典 解 讀,【例1】 Peter was so excited ________ he received an invitation from his friend to visit Chongqing. (2009·重慶，27) A．where B．that C．why D．when 【解題方法指導(dǎo)】 本題考查when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。句意為“當(dāng)彼得收 到他朋友的邀請(qǐng)去參觀重慶的時(shí)候，他非常興奮”。本題易錯(cuò)選that。但 由句意知并不是“如此……以致”之意。where表地點(diǎn)，why表原因，均 不合句意，故選D。 答案：D,教材原文對(duì)照,When Yang took off from Jiuquan in northwest China at 9 a.m. yesterday, China became the third nation to send a man into space. (P43),【例2】 —John and I will celebrate our fortieth wedding anniversary next month. —Oh，________！(2009·山東，21) A．cheer up B．well done C．go ahead D．congratulations 【解題方法指導(dǎo)】 本題考查congratulation的用法。cheer up“振作起 來(lái)”，表示鼓勵(lì)；well done干得好；go ahead干吧(做吧，用吧)； congratulations祝賀。根據(jù)上句“我和約翰將在下月慶祝結(jié)婚四十 周年紀(jì)念”可知，答語(yǔ)應(yīng)是表示祝賀。 答案：D,教材原文對(duì)照,Many countries around the world sent messages of congratulations. (P43),作者意圖推測(cè)題題型攻略 理解作者意圖屬于推理判斷的一種，要求考生結(jié)合自己對(duì)文章的理解，來(lái)推測(cè)確定作者的寫(xiě)作目的、態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)等。做這類題時(shí)，要求讀者能根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，來(lái)領(lǐng)悟作者意圖、情感、弦外之音，還需具備領(lǐng)悟幽默夸張，嘲諷等寫(xiě)作風(fēng)格的能力，以及理解比喻、象征等修辭手段。因此，考生要重視文章細(xì)節(jié)，正確把握中心思想，緊扣文意，作出結(jié)論。 這類考題的形式有： 1．The author’s purpose in writing this passage is ________. 2．The author uses the example of.in order to show ________. 3．What’s the attitude of the author towards.? 4．The example of.suggests the author is ________ about the event. 5．By mentioning.，the author wants to say________. 6．By quoting.，the author wants to express________. 7．What’s the tone of this passage?,【典例1】 By taking control of how you spend your time，you’ll increase your chances of becoming a more successful student.Perhaps more importantly，the better you are at managing the time you devote to your studies，the more time you will have to spend on your outside interests.① (2008·江蘇卷A篇) 【注】 ①你在傾注于學(xué)習(xí)的時(shí)間上安排的越好，你就越有時(shí)間去做課外你感興趣的事。 該句句式為：the＋比較級(jí)；the＋比較級(jí)。句中you devote to your studies為省略關(guān)系詞的定語(yǔ)從句，修飾the time，to spend on your outside interests為不定式作定語(yǔ)，修飾time。 57.The author intends to tell us that time ________. A.could be regulated by a timepiece such as a clock or a watch B．could be managed by the internal clock of human bodies,C．should be well managed for our own interest D．should be saved for outside interests 答案：C 點(diǎn)撥：從題干中的“intends”可以知道，本題考查對(duì)作者寫(xiě)作意圖的理解。解題時(shí)一定要聯(lián)系文章的有關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)，因?yàn)樽髡叩膶?xiě)作意圖就是靠細(xì)節(jié)來(lái)體現(xiàn)的。由“the better you are at managing the time you devote to your studies，the more time you will have to spend on your outside interests.”可知，安排好時(shí)間能使你有時(shí)間去做你感興趣的事情，由此推知C項(xiàng)正確。,【典例2】 Medvedev Sworn in as Russian Leader,Dmitry Medvedev was sworn in as Russian president yesterday and just over two hours later nominated his predecessor(前任)Vladimir Putin as prime minister. Medvedev，a 42-year-old former corporate(企業(yè)的)lawyer and long-time Putin ally(盟友)，stressed freedom and the rule of law in his first remarks after taking the oath of office in a ceremony in the Kremlin’s glittering St. Andrew’s Hall. “I believe my most important aims will be to protect civil and economic freedoms，” he told guests at the inauguration(就職典禮)， broadcast live on state television.“We must fight for a true respect of the law and overcome legal nihilism(虛無(wú)主義)，which seriously prevents modern development.”,Before Medvedev was sworn in，Putin entered the Kremlin alone，bid farewell to the presidential guard and thanked the Russian people for their trust over his two four-year terms.He encouraged his audience to support Medvedev. Putin named Medvedev as his preferred successor last December，ensuring his overwhelming victory in the March polls.The two men have worked together since the early 1990s.Cabinet names are expected to come after Putin’s nomination as prime minister is confirmed by parliament today. A bookish child born to two university professors，Medvedev grew up in a modest，middle-class household. “He is very cultured.You can speak to him about theater，music，and he has a sense of humor，” said Natalya Rasskazova，who studied with Medvedev at St. Petersburg University’s law faculty.,“I think he is well-prepared，educated and modern.He has good experience as a lawyer，he’s bright，but there is one drawback，he didn’t work at the federal level long enough，” said the last Soviet leader，Mikhail Gorbachev of the new president earlier this year.Friends say Medvedev’s bookish，quiet exterior(外表)masks a man who has a steely determination to succeed and will not be pushed around.,“He is clever，clever enough to be president and he is tough，tough enough to be president,” one former colleague from the 1990s told Reuters on condition of anonymity(匿名)． 1.From the passage we know that ________. A.it was Putin who helped Medvedev win the March polls B.the cabinet names were already confirmed before prime minister was nominated C.Medvedev was born into a noble family D.Natalya Rasskazova was Medvedev’s teacher at St. Petersburg University,解析:意圖推測(cè)題。文章第五段介紹了普京為梅德韋杰夫獲得三月份公民投 票所做的努力，不難看出，梅氏能入主克里姆林宮，普京可謂功不可沒(méi)。 答案：A 2.The author’s opinion about the new president’s capability is ________. A.doubtful B．negative C．enthusiastic D．pessimistic 解析：意圖推測(cè)題。對(duì)于梅氏的性格，作者用了bookish，quiet，cultured， steely說(shuō)明他的冷靜和堅(jiān)韌。提及他的任職能力時(shí)用了well-prepared，good experience as a lawyer，will not be pushed around等詞語(yǔ)，尤其是最后一位 不愿透露姓名的梅氏的同事所說(shuō)的He is clever，clever enough to be president and he is tough，tough enough to be president，說(shuō)明人們對(duì)于他的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)能力是 給予充分信任的。因此作者的態(tài)度是樂(lè)觀的。 答案：C,同學(xué)們,來(lái)學(xué)校和回家的路上要注意安全,同學(xué)們,來(lái)學(xué)校和回家的路上要注意安全,