【精品文檔】如有侵權(quán)，請(qǐng)聯(lián)系網(wǎng)站刪除，僅供學(xué)習(xí)與交流九年級(jí)Unit 3 Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes.的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn).精品文檔.Unit 3 Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes.1. 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)（the Active Voice）和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)（the Passive Voice）。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者；被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者。.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由“助動(dòng)詞be +及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成。助動(dòng)詞be有人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化，以下為幾種常用時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成： 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：主語(yǔ)am / is / are （not）動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞 一般過(guò)去時(shí)：主語(yǔ)was / were 動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞 一般將來(lái)時(shí)：主語(yǔ)will be 動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞/ 主語(yǔ)+be動(dòng)詞+going to +be+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞 含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞be動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：主語(yǔ)have / has been 動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：主語(yǔ)is / am / are + being 動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞習(xí)題：（ ）1.A wild animal zoo is going to_in our city. A.be built B.built C.build D.be building （ ）2.A lot of trees_on the hill yesterday. A.are planted B.will be planted C.have been planted D.were planted ( ) 3.Half of the work_by now. A.has finished B.has been finished C.have been finished ( ) 4.He likes reading very much. Most of his money_on books. A.is spent B.spend C.spends D.are spent .被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法：1.不知道誰(shuí)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，或者沒(méi)有必要指出誰(shuí)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。Eg: His new car was stolen. 他的新車(chē)被偷了。（誰(shuí)偷的，不知道） Letters are collected from his postbox at 7:30 every morning.每天早晨七點(diǎn)半有人來(lái)收他郵筒里的信。（主要說(shuō)明每天七點(diǎn)半從郵筒里收信，至于是誰(shuí)來(lái)收，沒(méi)必要說(shuō)明）2.需要強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者而不是執(zhí)行者。English is spoken in Canada. .主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的方法：（1）主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)。（2）主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變?yōu)椤癰e + 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”形式。（3）主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)變成介詞by的賓語(yǔ)，放在動(dòng)詞的后面，有時(shí)課省略。Eg: Many people speak English. English is spoken by many people. .注意事項(xiàng)：1.帶雙賓語(yǔ)的句子變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)可以把間接賓語(yǔ)變主語(yǔ)，保留直接賓語(yǔ)：也可以把直接賓語(yǔ)變主語(yǔ)，保留間接賓語(yǔ)，間接賓語(yǔ)前要加介詞to或for. Eg:He gives me a pen. I am given a pen.或A pen is given to me.2. 在主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中，有些動(dòng)詞（feel , hear , listen , have , make , let , look , watch , see , notice ）后面可接不帶to的不定式，但變被動(dòng)句時(shí)必須加to. Eg: We saw Tom enter the office. Tom was seen to enter the office.3. 有些動(dòng)詞常用主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)。如系動(dòng)詞feel,smell,sound,taste,write,sell等動(dòng)詞。Eg: The pen writes well.這支鋼筆很好寫(xiě)習(xí)題：（ ）1. In the past the children were made_15 hours a day. A.to lock B.work C. to work D. lock ( ) 2.The old men in China_. A.is taking good care B. are taken good care of C. is taking good care of D. are taken good care2.allow 動(dòng)詞，意為“允許，準(zhǔn)許”，常用的結(jié)構(gòu)：allow sb to do sth 允許某人做某事 allow doing sth.允許做某事 be allowed to do sth. 被允許做某事 （ ）People who drink wine _ to drive after May Day. A. dont allow B.isnt allowed C.mustnt allow D.mustnt be allowed3.Sixteen-year-olds should be allowed to get their ears pierced. 應(yīng)該允許十六歲的青少年打耳洞。get their ears pierced意為“打耳洞”，此處get用作使役動(dòng)詞，相當(dāng)于make或have，意為“使；讓”?！癵et/ have +賓語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)意為“使某事被做”或“讓某人做某事”。其中過(guò)去分詞表示的動(dòng)作往往是哦別人做的，與句中的主語(yǔ)無(wú)關(guān)。 Eg:你打算什么時(shí)候去理發(fā)？_4.I dont think Sixteen-year-olds should be allowed to drive. 我認(rèn)為不應(yīng)該允許16歲的青少年開(kāi)車(chē)。若賓語(yǔ)從句跟在think, believe, suppose, expect等表示“想，認(rèn)為”的動(dòng)詞之后，而且主句的主語(yǔ)又是第一人稱時(shí)，句子的否定體現(xiàn)在主句中，這叫否定前移。 Eg: 我認(rèn)為那不是一個(gè)好主意。_ 他認(rèn)為那不是一個(gè)好主意。_5Stop 動(dòng)詞，表示“停止，阻止”，常用的結(jié)構(gòu)：stop doing sth. 指停止正在做的事情 stop to do sth 指停下手頭所做的事情，去做另一件事 stop sb from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事cant stop doing sth 忍不住做某事1. 他停下來(lái)看了看那個(gè)男孩。_2. 聽(tīng)到那件事，我忍不住大笑起來(lái)。_6.He doesnt seem to have many friends. 他好像沒(méi)有很多朋友。Seem 意為“好像；似乎”： It seems that + 從句（從句部分用陳述語(yǔ)氣）eg: 看起來(lái)要下雨了。 It seems like意為“似乎；好像”，后接名詞。 seem to be +形容詞/名詞 seem to do sth 好像做某事 This man seemsa boss. A. be B. to be C. be to D. to7.I disagree. They talk instead of doing homework. 我不同意。他們聊天而不做作業(yè)。 disagree 不及物動(dòng)詞，意為“不同意，不贊同”，其反義詞是agree，一般不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)。若指與某人意見(jiàn)不一致，后接介詞with；若指在某一方面意見(jiàn)不一致，后接介詞about/on. Eg: 我不同意你的意見(jiàn)。 我們不同意這個(gè)計(jì)劃。_ instead of 是介詞短語(yǔ)，意為“代替，而不是”，后接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞，位于句中。 Instead 副詞，置于句首或句末。 Eg: 她沒(méi)有打籃球，而是去游泳了。_ _8.They arent serious enough at that age. 他們?cè)谀膫€(gè)年齡不夠謹(jǐn)慎。 Enough 副詞，意為“足夠地”，修飾形容詞或副詞時(shí)，放在形容詞或副詞之后，還可以作形容詞，意為“足夠的”，修飾名詞時(shí)，放在名詞之前。 -Does the child need any help? -No.She is _to dress herself. A.enough old B.young enough C.old enough9.So do we. 我們（家）也有。該句是一個(gè)倒裝句。以so,neither/nor引起的倒裝句有： So +be 動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 +主語(yǔ)，表示肯定，意為“某人/物也”,用于后者與前者情況一樣，前后兩句主語(yǔ)不是同一人，主謂倒裝。 Neither/ Nor +be動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 +主語(yǔ)，表示否定，意為“某人/物也不”. So +主語(yǔ)+be 動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，表示肯定，意為“某人/物確實(shí)如此”,用于后者贊同前者的說(shuō)法，前后兩句主語(yǔ)是同一人，主謂不倒裝。 Neither/ Nor +主語(yǔ)+be動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，表示否定，意為“某人/物的確不”. Eg: She likes apples;so _ I. A. am B. do C.is D. does10.Parents should not be too strict with teenagers. 父母不應(yīng)該對(duì)青少年要求太嚴(yán)格。 Strict 形容詞，意為“嚴(yán)格的；嚴(yán)厲的”；be strict with sb. 意為“對(duì)某人要求嚴(yán)格”，“對(duì)某事要求嚴(yán)格則用be strict in sth. Eg: My teacher is very strict _ his child and _ his work he does. A. with;with B.with;in C.in;in D.in; with11. be good for 對(duì)有好處/益處，后接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞。其反義詞組是be bad for. Eg: 牛奶對(duì)孩子有好處。_ Be good to 意為“對(duì)。和藹/友善”，eg: 她對(duì)我們很好。 Be good at 意為：在某方面很擅長(zhǎng) eg: 她擅長(zhǎng)英語(yǔ)。12. have an opportunity to do sth. 有機(jī)會(huì)做某事，同義詞組有have a chance to do sth., 也 可以表達(dá)為have an opportunity/ a chance of doing sth.Eg: 我希望有機(jī)會(huì)去美國(guó)。13.I would like to reply to the article “Helping and Learning” in your last newsletter. 我想答復(fù)你上次簡(jiǎn)報(bào)中的“幫助和學(xué)習(xí)“這篇文章。 reply 動(dòng)詞，意為”回答，答復(fù)“，做不及物動(dòng)詞，后接賓語(yǔ)常用 reply to sb/ sth.,做及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)后可接從句。 Nobody would like to _ this article. A. reply to B. reply at C. reply for D. reply14.Should I be allowed to make my own decisions? 應(yīng)該允許我自己做決定嗎？ Make ones own decision 意為“某人自己做決定“，相當(dāng)于make decisions for oneself. Eg:應(yīng)該允許青少年自己做決定。15. Sometimes the hobbies can get in the way of schoolwork. 但有時(shí)這些愛(ài)好會(huì)妨礙學(xué)習(xí)。 get in the way of “妨礙.”，也可以用be in the way 表示。 Eg: 玩電腦游戲會(huì)妨礙她的學(xué)習(xí)。16. But Im serious about running. 但對(duì)于賽跑我是認(rèn)真的。 be serious about 意為“對(duì)是認(rèn)真的”，其后接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞形式。 Eg:她認(rèn)真面對(duì)未來(lái)。17. Only then will I have a chance of achieving my dream. 只有這樣我才有實(shí)現(xiàn)夢(mèng)想的機(jī)會(huì)。 本句是“only+ 狀語(yǔ)”引導(dǎo)的倒裝句。即：only+ 狀語(yǔ)+ 助動(dòng)詞/be動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+ 主句。在句首的only后面如果跟了副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)或從句等狀語(yǔ)，則主句用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。如果only后跟的是主語(yǔ)，則不用倒裝。 Eg: 只有這樣你才能學(xué)好英語(yǔ)。_ 只有三個(gè)人在車(chē)禍中受傷。練習(xí)題：一. 選擇題:1. Loud music may make people _ fast. A. to eat B. eat C. eated D. eats2. I want _ whether hes all right. A. to know B. know Cknowing D. Knows3.Her teacher was annoyed _ Tom because he made a lot of mistakes in the English Test Paper. A. at B. with C. in D. for4.Dont forget _ the tap when you dont use it. A. turn off B. turn on C. to turn on D. to turn off5. The children were made _ homework first. A. do B. to do C. did D. doing6. Dont worry about her，Madam. Your daughter is _ danger now. A. in B. out C. out of D. at7 I cant wait _ the present box. A. open B. to open C. opening D.opened二同義句裝換（每空一詞）：1. I like watching sports games. Tony likes watching sports games as well. I like watching sports games, _ _ Tony.2. My mother often makes me do my homework after supper. I am often _ _ _ my homework after supper.3.Could you please answer me quickly? Could you please _ _ me quickly?4. It took him two hours to finish reading the novel. He _ two hours _ reading the novel.5. We can rest for 7 days in October. We will _ _ _ _ in October.三翻譯下列句子：1. 在動(dòng)物園，游客不允許給動(dòng)物喂食。 _2. 每一個(gè)人在一晚上都需要至少八小時(shí)的睡眠。 _3. 那里的人說(shuō)什么她都不在乎。 _4. 壞習(xí)慣會(huì)妨礙你的生活。 _5. 只有這樣我才能實(shí)現(xiàn)我的夢(mèng)想。 _