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Module 5 Unit 1,Grammar & usage,Reading,Read the contents on P8 and try to get more about the infinitive.,Tenses of the infinitive,Two main kinds of infinitives,The to-infinitive & The bare infinitive PS: Here please pay attention to the usage of “to”. It can both function as a preposition and the symbol of an infinitive. be used to doing sth used to do sth,Functions of the infinitive in the sentences,Subject of a sentence Object Object complement Attribute Predicative Adverbial,The infinitive functions as the subject of the sentence.,E.G. 1. To decorate the Christmas tree is my task. 2. To talk with your mouth full is rude. 3. To become a lawyer was his childhood dream. ★當(dāng)不定式作主語時,常用it作形式主語,而將真正的主語放在句子后面保持句子的平衡. a. It is my task to decorate the Christmas tree. b. It is rude to talk with your mouth full. c. It is his childhood dream to become a lawyer.,The infinitive functions as the object.,He managed to solve the problem by himself. I like to read newspaper articles about sports. PS:①動詞不定式在句中作賓語時,如果帶有賓語補(bǔ)足語,要用it 作形式賓語 I don’t think it right to do it in that way. I find it hard to get along with him.,The infinitive functions as the object.,② “疑問代詞/疑問副詞+不定式”常常用作動詞或是介詞的賓語 I don’t know where to spend my holiday. Have you decided when to marry?,The infinitive functions as the object complement. 1,常需要不定式作賓補(bǔ)的動詞有: allow, ask, advise, beg, cause, encourage, expect, forbid, force, get, would like, love, hate, order, permit, persuade, teach, tell, want, warn, wish, etc 通常這樣的動詞接這樣的結(jié)構(gòu) Verb +sb/sth + to do sth,The infinitive functions as the object complement. 1,E.G. 1. The teachers don’t allow us to use E-dictionary while doing reading comprehension. 2. I want you to read the whole passage again.,The infinitive functions as the object complement. 2,動詞后接不定式+ to be的結(jié)構(gòu)的動詞有: Believe, consider, discover, find, judge, prove, think, etc (有時候可以省略to be) E.G. 1. We all believe Jordan to be the top basketball player in all time. 2. I consider him to be one of the best teachers in our school.,The infinitive functions As the attribute.,通常情況下不定式做定語,放在所修飾中心詞的后面做后置定語.不定式和定語從句之間實現(xiàn)互換. E.G. 1. I have a lot of homework to do. =I have a lot of homework that I have to do. 2. I have no one to talk to. =I have no one that I can talk to.,The infinitive functions as the predicative.,當(dāng)不定式充當(dāng)表語的時候,表示具體動作或是將來要發(fā)生的動作 E.G. 1. My wish is to be a doctor. 2. What she wants to do is to tell you a secret. 3. His plan is to go abroad and continue his studies.,The infinitive functions as the predicative.,PS: 動名詞和不定式同樣都可以充當(dāng)表語,兩者的區(qū)別在于不定式表達(dá)是具體或是將來發(fā)生動作，而動名詞則表示抽象的一般行為. 1.His job is delivering the letters to their destinations. 2.My job is to look after the sister when Mom is cooking.,The infinitive functions as the adverbial.,不定式常常作目的狀語、原因狀語、結(jié)果狀語等。在這樣的語法功能下要注意不定式的邏輯主語和句子主語一致的情況。 作為目的狀語時，為了強(qiáng)調(diào)在不定式前可以加in order和so as, in order to 可放在句首，so as to 則不可以 作結(jié)果狀語，常有下列的一些結(jié)構(gòu)so… as to; such … as to; enough… to; too … to; etc,The infinitive functions as the adverbial.,E.G. 1. To get there on time, I got up early. 2. That day they were separated, never to see each other again. 3. Sam was lucky to catch the first bus that morning.,Bare infinitive 1,1.使役動詞 let, have, make后 E.G. a. The boss made the employees work ten hours a day. b. I will let you see my computer tomorrow. c. The teacher had her students finish the work within five minutes.,Bare infinitive 1,2. 感官動詞 see, watch, notice , observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel等后.注意：被動語態(tài)中不能省去to。 a. I saw him dance. =He was seen to dance. b. The boss made them work the whole night.=They were made to work the whole night.,Bare infinitive 2,would rather，had better句型后 E.G. I don’t like the film. I’d rather stay at home. Why… / why not…句型后 help 后可帶to，也可不帶to, help sb (to) do sth： 當(dāng)有and, or, except, but, than, rather than連接兩個動詞不定式的時候,第二個動詞不定式常使用成不帶to的動詞不定式,Bare infinitive 2,E.G. I forgot to turn off the lights and close the door when I left. Sandy does not want to stay at home but go to the cinema. We decided to stay at home rather than go to the cinema.,A Letter(P9),1. to thank 2.to talk 3.to have 4.e-mail 5.to receive 6.to go 7.watch 8.borrow 9.visit 10.spend 11.wrote 12.tell 13.to see 14.make e,Verb-ing as a noun,Gerund,Reading(10),Read the text and try to get more information about v-ing.,Verb-ing forms can be used as nouns in a sentence and function:,1.as a subject 2.as an object 3.after prepositions 4.after possessive pronouns 5.in compound nouns,We use Verb-ing after the following words:,admit; appreciate; avoid; complete; consider; delay; deny; endure; enjoy; escape; fancy; finish; imagine; mind; miss; postpone; practice; recall; resume; resist; risk; suggest; face; include; stand; understand; forgive; keep; etc,phrases used with Verb-ing forms:,admit to; prefer…to; be used to; lead to; devote oneself to; object to; stick to; no good; no use; be fond of; look forward to; be proud of; be busy; can't help; be tired of; be capable of; be afraid of; think of; burst out; keep on; insist on; count on; set about; put off; be good at; take up; give up; be successful in; etc,Four kinds of verbs,后接不定式作賓語的動詞 want, hope, wish, plan, manage, refuse, learn, etc 后接V-ing形式作賓語的動詞 enjoy, mind, suggest, practise, imagine, avoid, etc,Four kinds of verbs,后接不定式或是V-ing為賓語的動詞,但兩者差別不大 start, begin, etc 后接不定式或是V-ing為賓語的動詞,但意思不同 try, remember, forget, regret, stop, go on, etc,Finish the e-mail(P11),1.visiting/to visit 2.chatting 3.visiting 4.pretending 5.chatting/to chat 6.stop 7.chatting 8.to do 9.pass,1. ____ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. A. There B. This C. That D. It 2. The final examination is coming up soon. It’s time for us to ____ our studies. get down to B. get out C. get back for D. get over,D,A,3. The chairman thought ____ necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting. A. That B. it C. this D. him 4. Last summer I took a course on _____. how to make dresses B. how dresses be made C. how to be made dresses D. how dresses to be made,B,A,5. It is said that in Australia there is more land than the government knows _______. It what to do with B. what to do it with C. What to do with it D. to do what with it,C,6. Sarah, hurry up. I’m afraid you won’t have time to ____ before the party. A. get changed B. get change C. get changing D. get to change 7. It seems that he has no pen ____. To write B. to write with C. Writing D. writing with,A,B,8. She will tell us why she feels so strongly that each of us has a role ____ in making the earth a better place to live. A. To have played B. to play C. To be played D. to be playing 9. The news reporters hurried to the airport, only ___ the film stars had left. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told,B,B,10. All these gifts must be mailed immediately _____ in time for Christmas. in order to have received B. in order to receive C. so as to be received D. so as to be receivng26,C,11. The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if ____ whether he has going in the right direction. seeing B. having seen C. to have seen D. to see 12. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him ___. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to,D,A,13. ----I’ll be away on a business trip. Would you mind looking after my cat? ----Not at all. ___. I’ve no time B. I’d rather not C. I’d like it D. I’d happy to 14. ----I didn’t go to see the doctor yesterday. ----But you ____. ought B. ought to C. oughted to D. ought to have,D,D,15. ----Does your brother intend to study in Germany? ----yes, he intends ____. A./ B. to C. so D. that,B,Homework,1.Finish C1C2. 2.Finish Reading A.,同學(xué)們,來學(xué)校和回家的路上要注意安全,同學(xué)們,來學(xué)校和回家的路上要注意安全,