Module 5 Unit 1,Grammar & usage,Reading,Read the contents on P8 and try to get more about the infinitive.,Tenses of the infinitive,Two main kinds of infinitives,The to-infinitive & The bare infinitive PS: Here please pay attention to the usage of “to”. It can both function as a preposition and the symbol of an infinitive. be used to doing sth used to do sth,Functions of the infinitive in the sentences,Subject of a sentence Object Object complement Attribute Predicative Adverbial,The infinitive functions as the subject of the sentence.,E.G. 1. To decorate the Christmas tree is my task. 2. To talk with your mouth full is rude. 3. To become a lawyer was his childhood dream. 當(dāng)不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí),常用it作形式主語(yǔ),而將真正的主語(yǔ)放在句子后面保持句子的平衡. a. It is my task to decorate the Christmas tree. b. It is rude to talk with your mouth full. c. It is his childhood dream to become a lawyer.,The infinitive functions as the object.,He managed to solve the problem by himself. I like to read newspaper articles about sports. PS:動(dòng)詞不定式在句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí),如果帶有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),要用it 作形式賓語(yǔ) I dont think it right to do it in that way. I find it hard to get along with him.,The infinitive functions as the object., “疑問(wèn)代詞/疑問(wèn)副詞+不定式”常常用作動(dòng)詞或是介詞的賓語(yǔ) I dont know where to spend my holiday. Have you decided when to marry?,The infinitive functions as the object complement. 1,常需要不定式作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞有: allow, ask, advise, beg, cause, encourage, expect, forbid, force, get, would like, love, hate, order, permit, persuade, teach, tell, want, warn, wish, etc 通常這樣的動(dòng)詞接這樣的結(jié)構(gòu) Verb +sb/sth + to do sth,The infinitive functions as the object complement. 1,E.G. 1. The teachers dont allow us to use E-dictionary while doing reading comprehension. 2. I want you to read the whole passage again.,The infinitive functions as the object complement. 2,動(dòng)詞后接不定式+ to be的結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞有: Believe, consider, discover, find, judge, prove, think, etc (有時(shí)候可以省略to be) E.G. 1. We all believe Jordan to be the top basketball player in all time. 2. I consider him to be one of the best teachers in our school.,The infinitive functions As the attribute.,通常情況下不定式做定語(yǔ),放在所修飾中心詞的后面做后置定語(yǔ).不定式和定語(yǔ)從句之間實(shí)現(xiàn)互換. E.G. 1. I have a lot of homework to do. =I have a lot of homework that I have to do. 2. I have no one to talk to. =I have no one that I can talk to.,The infinitive functions as the predicative.,當(dāng)不定式充當(dāng)表語(yǔ)的時(shí)候,表示具體動(dòng)作或是將來(lái)要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作 E.G. 1. My wish is to be a doctor. 2. What she wants to do is to tell you a secret. 3. His plan is to go abroad and continue his studies.,The infinitive functions as the predicative.,PS: 動(dòng)名詞和不定式同樣都可以充當(dāng)表語(yǔ),兩者的區(qū)別在于不定式表達(dá)是具體或是將來(lái)發(fā)生動(dòng)作，而動(dòng)名詞則表示抽象的一般行為. 1.His job is delivering the letters to their destinations. 2.My job is to look after the sister when Mom is cooking.,The infinitive functions as the adverbial.,不定式常常作目的狀語(yǔ)、原因狀語(yǔ)、結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)等。在這樣的語(yǔ)法功能下要注意不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)和句子主語(yǔ)一致的情況。 作為目的狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，為了強(qiáng)調(diào)在不定式前可以加in order和so as, in order to 可放在句首，so as to 則不可以 作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，常有下列的一些結(jié)構(gòu)so as to; such as to; enough to; too to; etc,The infinitive functions as the adverbial.,E.G. 1. To get there on time, I got up early. 2. That day they were separated, never to see each other again. 3. Sam was lucky to catch the first bus that morning.,Bare infinitive 1,1.使役動(dòng)詞 let, have, make后 E.G. a. The boss made the employees work ten hours a day. b. I will let you see my computer tomorrow. c. The teacher had her students finish the work within five minutes.,Bare infinitive 1,2. 感官動(dòng)詞 see, watch, notice , observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel等后.注意：被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中不能省去to。 a. I saw him dance. =He was seen to dance. b. The boss made them work the whole night.=They were made to work the whole night.,Bare infinitive 2,would rather，had better句型后 E.G. I dont like the film. Id rather stay at home. Why / why not句型后 help 后可帶to，也可不帶to, help sb (to) do sth： 當(dāng)有and, or, except, but, than, rather than連接兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞不定式的時(shí)候,第二個(gè)動(dòng)詞不定式常使用成不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式,Bare infinitive 2,E.G. I forgot to turn off the lights and close the door when I left. Sandy does not want to stay at home but go to the cinema. We decided to stay at home rather than go to the cinema.,A Letter(P9),1. to thank 2.to talk 3.to have 4.e-mail 5.to receive 6.to go 7.watch 8.borrow 9.visit 10.spend 11.wrote 12.tell 13.to see 14.make e,Verb-ing as a noun,Gerund,Reading(10),Read the text and try to get more information about v-ing.,Verb-ing forms can be used as nouns in a sentence and function:,1.as a subject 2.as an object 3.after prepositions 4.after possessive pronouns 5.in compound nouns,We use Verb-ing after the following words:,admit; appreciate; avoid; complete; consider; delay; deny; endure; enjoy; escape; fancy; finish; imagine; mind; miss; postpone; practice; recall; resume; resist; risk; suggest; face; include; stand; understand; forgive; keep; etc,phrases used with Verb-ing forms:,admit to; preferto; be used to; lead to; devote oneself to; object to; stick to; no good; no use; be fond of; look forward to; be proud of; be busy; can't help; be tired of; be capable of; be afraid of; think of; burst out; keep on; insist on; count on; set about; put off; be good at; take up; give up; be successful in; etc,Four kinds of verbs,后接不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞 want, hope, wish, plan, manage, refuse, learn, etc 后接V-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞 enjoy, mind, suggest, practise, imagine, avoid, etc,Four kinds of verbs,后接不定式或是V-ing為賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞,但兩者差別不大 start, begin, etc 后接不定式或是V-ing為賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞,但意思不同 try, remember, forget, regret, stop, go on, etc,Finish the e-mail(P11),1.visiting/to visit 2.chatting 3.visiting 4.pretending 5.chatting/to chat 6.stop 7.chatting 8.to do 9.pass,1. _ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. A. There B. This C. That D. It 2. The final examination is coming up soon. Its time for us to _ our studies. get down to B. get out C. get back for D. get over,D,A,3. The chairman thought _ necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting. A. That B. it C. this D. him 4. Last summer I took a course on _. how to make dresses B. how dresses be made C. how to be made dresses D. how dresses to be made,B,A,5. It is said that in Australia there is more land than the government knows _. It what to do with B. what to do it with C. What to do with it D. to do what with it,C,6. Sarah, hurry up. Im afraid you wont have time to _ before the party. A. get changed B. get change C. get changing D. get to change 7. It seems that he has no pen _. To write B. to write with C. Writing D. writing with,A,B,8. She will tell us why she feels so strongly that each of us has a role _ in making the earth a better place to live. A. To have played B. to play C. To be played D. to be playing 9. The news reporters hurried to the airport, only _ the film stars had left. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told,B,B,10. All these gifts must be mailed immediately _ in time for Christmas. in order to have received B. in order to receive C. so as to be received D. so as to be receivng26,C,11. The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if _ whether he has going in the right direction. seeing B. having seen C. to have seen D. to see 12. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to,D,A,13. -Ill be away on a business trip. Would you mind looking after my cat? -Not at all. _. Ive no time B. Id rather not C. Id like it D. Id happy to 14. -I didnt go to see the doctor yesterday. -But you _. ought B. ought to C. oughted to D. ought to have,D,D,15. -Does your brother intend to study in Germany? -yes, he intends _. A./ B. to C. so D. that,B,Homework,1.Finish C1C2. 2.Finish Reading A.,同學(xué)們,來(lái)學(xué)校和回家的路上要注意安全,同學(xué)們,來(lái)學(xué)校和回家的路上要注意安全,