Unit19 Language,2010年高考英語第一輪復(fù)習(xí),北師大版,基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)提要,核心單詞 根據(jù)提示寫出英語單詞或漢語意思。 1. _ v.使興奮 2. _ v.束緊 3._ v.告知 通知 4. _v.與相似 5._ n.贊成；同意 6. _v. 購買 7._ vt. 使尷尬 8. _ v. 包圍 圍繞 9. _vt. 保證，確保 10. _ v. 祝賀 11. _ (vt)調(diào)節(jié) 12. _ (vt)告知,thrill,fasten,inform,resemble,approval,purchase,embarrass,surround,ensure,congratulate,adjust,inform,13. _ (n)理論 14. _ (n)咖啡館 15. _ (adj)足夠的 16. _ (adj)準(zhǔn)時(shí)的 17. _ (n)能力 18. _ (vt)登記 19. _ (v)擴(kuò)大 20. _ (n)候選人 21. _ (v)達(dá)到 22. _ (adj)僵硬的 23. _ (n) 偷竊 24. _ (adj)不知不覺的 25. _ (n)地球,theory,cafeteria,adequate,punctual,competence,register,enlarge,candidate,attain,rigid,theft,unconscious,globe,26. algebra_ 27. geometry_ 28. bacteria _ 29. stewardess_ 30. manual_ 31. accelerate_ 32. acquisition_,代數(shù),幾何,細(xì)菌,女乘務(wù)員,手冊(cè),加速,(語言)習(xí)得,詞類轉(zhuǎn)換 按要求寫出下列單詞的適當(dāng)形式。 1.advance (v.) _ (adj.)高級(jí)的 類似: disappoint (v.) _ (adj. ) 失望 2. communicate (v.) _ (n)通信 類似: observe (v.) _ (n.)觀察 3. confuse (v.) _ (n)弄亂 類似:conclude (v.)_( n.)結(jié)論 4. congratulate (v.) _祝賀 類似:celebrate (v.) _(n.)慶祝 5. accurate (adj.) _ (n)精確度 類似:fluent (adj.) _(n.)流利度,advanced,disappointed,communication,observation,confusion,conclusion,congratulation,celebration,accuracy,fluency,6. acquire (v.) _ (n)獲得 類似:explain _(n.)獲得 7. adjust (v.) _(n)調(diào)節(jié) 類似:announce (v.) _ (n)布告 8. offend (v.) _(n)冒犯 類似: defend (v.) _(n.) 保衛(wèi) 9. register (v.) _(n)注冊(cè) 類似:pronounce (v.) _ (n.)發(fā)音 10. absence (n.) _ (adj)不存在的 類似:silence (n.) _(adj.)沉默的,acquisition,explanation,adjustment,announcement,offence,defence/defense,registration,pronunciation,absent,silent,重要詞組 1. _ 學(xué)會(huì) 2. _由組成 3. _不理會(huì) 不顧 4. _故意地 5. _ 意識(shí)到 6. _與不同 7. _提前地 8. _集中 9. _為了目的 10. _弄糊涂,catch on,consist of,regardless of,on purpose,be aware of,differ from,in advance,focus on,for the purpose of,cause confusion,11. point at _ 12. congratulate sb on sth _ 13. catch hold of _ 14. stand out _ 15. go ahead with _ 16. team up _ 17. keep to _ 18. provided (that)_ 19. rely on _ 20. keep in mind _,指著,祝賀某人某事,抓住不放手,突出,站在外面,在方面取得進(jìn)步,合作,堅(jiān)持,信守,如果,條件是,依靠,記住,重要考點(diǎn)突破,核心單詞 1. resemble vt. 像；與相似(look or be like) 拓展：_ n. 相似 類似 運(yùn)用：用resemble翻譯下列句子。 (1)你的單車與我的差不多。 _ (2)你非常像你的母親。 _,resemblance,Your bicycle resembles mine.,You resembled your mother very closely.,2. purchase vt.& n.購買(buy, buying) 辨析：purchase 是較為正式的用語，buy是普通用語，意義較為廣泛。 運(yùn)用：用purchase翻譯下列句子。 (1)你必須提前21天購票。 _ (2) 我打算在鄉(xiāng)間買一所房子。 _,You must purchase your tickets 21days in advance.,I intend to purchase a house in the country.,3. approval n. 贊成，同意 拓展：_ v. 贊成，同意 運(yùn)用：用approval翻譯下列句子。 (1)他用贊許的眼光看了看兒子。 She looked at her son _. (2)她想贏得父親的同意。 She wanted to _. (3)他用微笑表示贊成。 _ by smiling.,approve,with approval.,win her fathers approval.,He showed his approval,4. embarrass vt. 使尷尬 拓展：請(qǐng)用下列兩個(gè)單詞填空。 embarrassed adj. 感到尷尬的 embarrassing adj. 使人尷尬的 The _ situation made her_. 運(yùn)用：用embarrass翻譯下列句子。 (1)不要問有關(guān)個(gè)人隱私的問題，以免使他們尷尬。 Dont _ with personal questions。 (2)他丈夫粗魯?shù)呐e動(dòng)使她難堪。 Her husbands rude behavior _ (3)別提出那令人尷尬的話題。 Don't bring up that_.,embarrassing,embarrassed,embarrass them,embarrassed her.,embarrassing topic,5. fasten vt. & vi. 栓，扣，集中（目光、注意力） 拓展:用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~或副詞填空。 (1)fasten _抓住，采納，強(qiáng)加于 (2)fasten _關(guān)緊，捆牢 (3)fasten ones eyes _sb.盯住某人 運(yùn)用：用fasten翻譯下列句子 (1)他定睛注視著我。 _ (2)把那只手提箱關(guān)緊。 _ (3)總統(tǒng)立刻采納了這個(gè)意見。 _,on,up,on,He fastened his eyes on me.,Fasten that suitcase up.,The president fasten on the idea at once.,6. inform v. 通知 告知(give information to) 搭配:用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空。 (1)inform sb. _ sth.通知某人某事 (2)inform oneself _the facts使自己了解事實(shí) (3)keep me informed _sth.告訴我某事 運(yùn)用: 用inform翻譯下列句子。 (1)如果他回來了，請(qǐng)告訴我。 If he comes back, _ (2)他告訴了我他的旅行計(jì)劃。 _ (3)有事，請(qǐng)隨時(shí)告訴我。 Please_ what happens. (4)他將通知我們?nèi)ツ膬骸?_ (5)他被告知他已經(jīng)被開除了。 He _ he had been fired.,of,of,of,please inform me,He informed me of his travel plans.,keep me informed of /about,He will inform where to go.,was informed that,7. surround v. 包圍 拓展：surrounding adj. 周圍的 n.環(huán)境(復(fù)數(shù)) 運(yùn)用：用surround翻譯下列句子。 (1)這個(gè)城市被一條河流包圍著.。 _ (2)快樂幸福圍繞你。 Joy and happiness _. (3)部隊(duì)已將該城包圍。 Troops _. (4)我們生活在舒適的環(huán)境中。 We are living in pleasant _.,The city is surrounded by a river.,surround you,have surrounded the town surroundings,surroundings,8. ensure vt. 保證；擔(dān)保(make sure) 搭配:ensure sb. sth. 向某人擔(dān)保某事 ensure that + clause 保證 運(yùn)用：用ensure翻譯下列句子。 (1)務(wù)必確保所有窗戶都關(guān)緊了。 _ (2)這藥物能保證你有健康的體魄。 _,Please ensure that all the windows are closed.,The medicine will ensure us a healthy body.,9. thrill v. (使)感到興奮 拓展： (1)_ adj. 毛骨悚然的，顫動(dòng)的 (2)_n.使人毛骨悚然的東西 運(yùn)用：用thrill翻譯下列句子。 (1)這位旅行者的經(jīng)歷使我們驚駭不已。(vt.) The traveller _with his stories. (2)她的談話使他很激動(dòng)。(vt.) He _by her conversation. (3)她收到邀請(qǐng)時(shí)很激動(dòng)。(vi.) She _ at the invitation.,thrilling,thriller,thrilled us,was thrilled,thrilled,10. congratulate vt. 祝賀 拓展：_ n.祝賀(常用復(fù)數(shù)) 搭配：congratulate sb. _ sth./doing sth.為某事祝賀某人 注意：congratulate后的賓語只能是人。 比較：celebrate(慶祝)的賓語是成功、生日等，不能是人。如：celebrate ones birthday慶祝某人的生日。 運(yùn)用：用congratulate翻譯下列句子 (1)你父母為你的考試成績而祝賀你。 _ (2)大家都在祝賀劉翔贏得了賽跑。 _,congratulation,on,Your parents congratulate you on your exam results.,People congratulated Liu Xiang on winning the race.,11. adjust v. 調(diào)整，校準(zhǔn)；適應(yīng)，習(xí)慣 拓展：寫出相應(yīng)的單詞。 (1)_n調(diào)整;調(diào)節(jié)；適應(yīng) (2)_adj可調(diào)整的，可調(diào)節(jié)的 搭配: 用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空。 (1)adjust sth. (_sth.)調(diào)整(以適應(yīng)/適合) (2)adjust _(doing) sth.適應(yīng)(做)某事 (3)adjust oneself _sth.使自己適應(yīng),adjustment,adjustable,to,to,to,運(yùn)用：請(qǐng)翻譯下列句子。 (1)我的表快了,我得把它校準(zhǔn)。 I must_, it's fast. (2)一個(gè)人很難使自己適應(yīng)他人的習(xí)慣。 It is difficult for someone to _ others habits (3)要根據(jù)聽眾的年齡使用相應(yīng)的語言。 _the age of you audience. (4)我的眼睛還沒有適應(yīng)黑暗。 My eyes _the dark yet (5)她花了很長時(shí)間才適應(yīng)了在美國獨(dú)自生活。 It took her a long time to _alone America. (6)動(dòng)物能使自己適應(yīng)生存環(huán)境。 Animals _the environment,adjust my watch,adjust himself/herself to,Adjust your language to,haven't adjusted to,adjust to living,can adjust themselves to,重要詞組 1. catch on 明白，理解(understand)；受歡迎(become popular) 提示：表示明白什么事，后接介詞to。 運(yùn)用：用catch on翻譯下列句子。 (1)那首新歌很快就流行起來。 _ (2)我明白了他的意思。 _ (3)我終于明白他們?cè)诟墒裁戳恕?_,The new song caught on really quickly.,I caught on to what he meant.,I finally caught on to what they were doing.,2. consist of 由組成(be made up of) 注意:此短語不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)。 拓展:consist in sth.主要在于，(內(nèi)容)主要是 運(yùn)用：翻譯下列句子。 (1)對(duì)于我來說，學(xué)習(xí)的樂趣在于過程而不是結(jié)果。 For me, the pleasure of studying _ (2)這個(gè)醫(yī)療隊(duì)包括5名醫(yī)生和10名護(hù)士。 The medical team _ _ (3)中山由19個(gè)鎮(zhèn)組成。 _,consisted in the process, not results.,consists of 5doctors and 10 nurses.,The city of Zhongshan consists of 19 towns.,3. regardless of 不管，不顧 提示:regardless adv. 不顧一切地 運(yùn)用：翻譯下列句子。 (1)不管花費(fèi)多少，我都打算買下那本書。 I'm buying the book, _. (2)盡管以前我們失敗過，但仍要堅(jiān)持下去。 We will go on _. (3)走自己的路，讓別人去說吧。 Go your own way _.,regardless of the cost,regardless of past failures,regardless of what people say,聯(lián)想： (1)具體相同意義和用法的還有in spite of, despite等介詞。 They went out in spite of the rain盡管下著雨，他們還是出去了。 They had a wonderful holiday, despite the bad weather盡管天氣不好，他們的假日還是過得極為愉快。 (2)though, although(盡管)等是表示讓步的連詞。 Although my uncle is old, he looks very strong and healthy我的叔叔雖然老了，但他看上去還是很健壯。 翻譯：用不同方法翻譯下列句子。 雖然吃了很多東西，他還是覺得餓。 _ _ _,(1)Despite eating lots of food, he is still feeling hungry. (2)In spite of / Regardless of so much food he has eaten, he is still feeling hungry. (3)Though/Although he has eaten lots of food, he is still feeling hungry.,4. on purpose 故意地(intentionally) 聯(lián)想:_反義偶然地 運(yùn)用：翻譯下列句子。 (1)她故意把這個(gè)秘密告訴了他。 _ (2)你故意打破了那個(gè)花瓶。 _,by accident,She told him the secret on purpose.,You broke that vase on purpose.,5. be aware of 知道，意識(shí)到 be aware that知道，意識(shí)到 運(yùn)用：翻譯下列句子。 (1)我當(dāng)時(shí)意識(shí)到我錯(cuò)了。 _ (2)約翰已意識(shí)到自己做錯(cuò)了事情。 _ (3)我意識(shí)到我有多么粗魯了。 _,I was aware that I was wrong then.,John has been aware of having done something wrong.,Im quite aware of how rude I am.,6. differ from 與不同(=be different from) Chinese differs greatly from English in spelling.漢語和英語在拼寫上大不相同。 We differ from them on the issue.我們?cè)谶@個(gè)問題上與他們意見不一。 運(yùn)用：改寫下列各句，使其意義不變。 (1) The shirt differs from that one. _ (2) His views differ from those of his parents. _,The shirt is different from that one.,His views are different from those of his parents.,7. in advance 提前，預(yù)先(before in time) We always pay the rent in advance.我們總是提前付房租。 運(yùn)用：翻譯下列句子。 (1)為了確定他在家，我事先打電話給他。 To make sure that he was at home, _. (2)他們將預(yù)付出100美元。 _,I called him up in advance,They will pay $100 in advance.,8. focus on 集中于 All eyes were focused on him.所有的目光都集中在他身上。 拓展:be in focus清楚的 運(yùn)用：翻譯下列句子。 (1)我把鏡頭對(duì)準(zhǔn)了嘉賓們。 _ (3)把注意力集中在你的工作上。 _ (3)這些字看不清楚。 Those characters _,Ill focus on the guests over there.,Focus your attention on your work.,arent in focus,9. keep to堅(jiān)持，遵守，信守，保持 In England tragic must keep to the left.在英國，車輛必須靠左行駛。 提示：to是介詞。 運(yùn)用：用keep to翻譯下列句子。 (1)你得遵守諾言。 You have to_. (2)只有大家執(zhí)行計(jì)劃，事情才能成功。 Things will only work out if _ (3)他們固守傳統(tǒng)，只在五月舉行婚禮。 They _of having their marriages only in May (4)我們必須保持樸實(shí)生活的作風(fēng)。 We must _of plain living.,keep to your promise,everybody keeps to the plan.,keep to the custom,keep to the style,高級(jí)句型,1. It was predicted as early as the 1700s that English would one day be the global language and that has proved to be the case in the last few decades.早至公元十八世紀(jì)，就有預(yù)言說，總有一天英語會(huì)成為全球性的語言，而最近幾十年的情況證明了這一預(yù)言。 結(jié)構(gòu)分析: 全句是由and連接的較長的并列句，前一分句中含有一個(gè)重要句型It was predicted that(有人預(yù)言說)和一個(gè)有用的短語as early as the 1700s(早至十八世紀(jì))。后一分句中表示時(shí)間的短語in the last few decades常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。 學(xué)以致用：用以上句型和短語翻譯下列句子。 早在二十世紀(jì)八十年代，就有人預(yù)言中國經(jīng)濟(jì)將飛速發(fā)長，而最近幾十年的情況證明了這一預(yù)言。 _,It was predicted as early as 1980s that the Chinese Economic would develop very fast and that has proved to be the case in the last few decades.,2. In today's world being able to speak more than one language, including English, is how you stand out and get ahead. 當(dāng)今世界，你能講包括英語在內(nèi)的一門以上的語言，就標(biāo)志著你與眾不同，比其他人進(jìn)步。 結(jié)構(gòu)分析:該句中的being able to speak more than one language為動(dòng)名詞短語作主語，泛指經(jīng)常性的一般的情況；how引導(dǎo)一個(gè)表語從句。 學(xué)以致用：翻譯下列句子。 獲得獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金使得他有機(jī)會(huì)去了北方某州的一所大學(xué)，在那里黑人享有平等的權(quán)利，并如他們所愿自由的生活、學(xué)習(xí)和工作。 _,Winning a scholarship gave him the chance to go to a college in one of the northern states，where black people had equal rights and were free to live, study and work as they wished.,3By the time George was discovered breeding programmes were known to be increasing the numbers of other tortoise sub-species, but it was acknowledged that his case was different. 到喬治被發(fā)現(xiàn)的時(shí)候?yàn)橹梗藗冎婪敝秤?jì)劃是為了增加其他海龜亞種的數(shù)量，但是人們也認(rèn)識(shí)到喬治的情況有所不同。 結(jié)構(gòu)分析:全句是個(gè)由but連接的并列句，前一分句中有一個(gè)by the time(到的時(shí)候?yàn)橹?引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句；后一分句中that引導(dǎo)的主語從句，也可將it is/was acknowledged that(人們認(rèn)為)看作一個(gè)句型。,By the time the police arrived, the trees had already been cut down. It is universally acknowledged that trees are indispensable to us.,學(xué)以致用：用by the time和it is/was acknowledged that翻譯下列句子。 當(dāng)警察到時(shí)，樹木已砍伐。全世界都知道樹木對(duì)我們是不可或缺的。 _,4. It is a language without words that consists of gestures facial expressions and body movements that greatly add to and sometimes even replace-spoken language這是一種沒有詞語，由手勢，面部表情，和身體動(dòng)作組成的語言，它極大地豐富了，有時(shí)甚至取代了口頭語言。 結(jié)構(gòu)分析:該句that consists of gestures facial expressions and body movements是定語從句，It is that greatly add to 是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。 學(xué)以致用：用強(qiáng)調(diào)句型翻譯下列句子，且要含有一個(gè)定語從句。 慣壞了孩子都怪這位當(dāng)醫(yī)生的父親。 _,It is the father who is a doctor that is to blame for the spoiled child.,單元基礎(chǔ)過關(guān),一、單詞拼寫 根據(jù)句子意思，用本單元單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。 l. He_(適應(yīng))himself very quickly to the heat of the country 2. This_(規(guī)則)refers only to children. 3. The prices of houses are trending_(向上地) 4. He showed such concern that people took him to be a_(親人) 5. She speaks Swahili with great_(流利),adjusted,regulation,upward,relative,fluency,6. The house was_(環(huán)繞)by high walls 7. We_(祝賀)him on his birthday 8. I don't like making speeches in public；it's so_(難為情) 9. He knocked the old man down on_(故意地) 10. Mr. Dickens made the_(通告)at the new conference.,surrounded,congratulated,embarrassing,purpose,announcement,二、詞形辨別 選擇適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空并翻譯成漢語。 1. She will take an _class in English. A . adventure B. advanced 2. We should show _for the old. A. respect B. represent 3. In the _years of his life ,he was a happy man. A. latter/later B. late 4. Hes too _to buy us a meal. A . means B. mean 5. The _of service has improved. A. quantity B. quality 6. Finishing the work in one day was a very good _. After all, hes still a child. A .effect B. effort C. affect,B,B,B,B,三、詞類轉(zhuǎn)換 用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。 1She likes him all the better for his_ (fluency) spoken English. 2. _ (accurate) is more important than speed in his new job. 3Now they can handle the people's affairs quite_ (competence). 4Please look after my house during my_ (absent) 5To stop_ (globe) warming we should make immediate and continual efforts.,fluent,Accuracy,competently,absence,global,6Women used to have little_ (liberal). 7We went to the party with our parents _(approve). 8. She was_ (embarrass) when they asked her age. 9He was_ (conscious) of his mistake，or he would apologize. 10This instrument is used to measure _ (accelerate).,liberty,approval,embarrassed,unconscious,acceleration,四、詞組填空 用本單元所學(xué)詞組的適當(dāng)形式填空或完成句子。 differ from, point at, consist of, catch on, on purpose, regardless of, focus on, in advance, stand out, congratulate on 1. He continued speaking, _ my feeling on the matter. 2. Her bright red hair made her _ from the others 3. The guide_ a castle and told us that it was built hundreds of years ago 4. Paul always pronounces my name wrong. Do you think he does it_? 5. She is speaking so fast that I can hardly_ to what she is saying,regardless of,stand out,pointed at,on purpose,catch on,6. If you want to watch the 2008 Olympic Games，you'll have to book your ticket _. 7. Modem bicycles_ the early ones in many major ways 8. The United Kingdom_ Great Britain and Northern Ireland 9. We sent them a telegram, _ them _their success 10. Now the public attention is_ the prices of daily necessities.,in advance,differ from,consists of,congratulating,on,focused on,五、語法填空 閱讀下面短文，按照句子結(jié)構(gòu)的語法性和上下文連貫的要求，在空格處填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)脑~或使用括號(hào)中詞語的正確形式填空。,(1) People often use body language 1_ purpose. Someone 2_does not know the answer to a question will move their shoulders upwards away from their upper body and then let them fall, 3_ (mean), “I dont know”.4 _, body language can be unconscious as well. A person who is feeling 5_ (comfortable ) or nervous will often hold their body in a very rigid manner and have 6_ tight look about their mouths. They might also cross their arms and move 7_an abrupt way resembling a robot more than a human. They might not even realize 8_they are acting but their body language will tell anyone who cares9_ (look) closely enough how they are feeling. Body language can therefore make peoples feelings more transparent as although we can lie with words. 10_is not as easy to do so with our bodies.,on,who,meaning,However,uncomfortable,a,in,how,to look,It,(2) In Todays global economy, English is the 1_ (nation) language of business. 2_ (put) it simply, if you3_ (want) to be a success in the business world, you need a high level of English competence. New Future Language School is offering4_ exciting, new, full-time Business English Diploma course. The curriculum focuses on English language skills5 _ (use) in business meetings and 6_ areas such as marketing and advertising. A useful overview 7_ different English varieties is also offered. The cost of one 6-week session is RMB1.500, but8_ you pay9_ advance, you will receive a discount. Dont hesitate. Get ahead10_ your business English and sign up today.,international,To put,want,an,used,in,of,if,in,with,六、基礎(chǔ)寫作 請(qǐng)就“我們?yōu)槭裁匆獙W(xué)習(xí)英語”為主題，準(zhǔn)備一篇小型的演講稿。 寫作內(nèi)容 1. 隨著中國經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，人們已經(jīng)意識(shí)到學(xué)習(xí)英語的重要性了； 2. 英語是一門全球性的語言，能使你流利地與外國人交流； 3. 要是你懂英浯的話，你就可以領(lǐng)略中國文化與西方文化間的不同； 4. 學(xué)好英語能幫助你輕松地找到一份工作。 寫作要求 1. 只能使用5個(gè)句子表達(dá)全部的內(nèi)容； 2. 盡可能多地使用本單元的單詞、詞組和句型。如be aware of（意識(shí)到），global（全球性的）； fluently（流利地），provided that（要是），differ from（與不一樣）等。,If you ask me why we should learn English，my answer is simple and clearWith the development of China，people have been aware of the importance of learning EnglishEnglish is a global language，which can make you communicate with foreigners fluentlyYou can enjoy the charming points where Chinese culture differs from Western culture provided that you learn English wellOf course，you can find a job easily if you do well in English.,goodbye,同學(xué)們,來學(xué)校和回家的路上要注意安全,同學(xué)們,來學(xué)校和回家的路上要注意安全,