word2017年6月英語六級閱讀真題與答案 第1套 選詞填空After being president of Purdue University in2013, Mitch Daniels asked the faculty to prove that their students have actually achieved one of higher educations most important goals: critical thinking skills. Two years before, a nationwide study of college graduates had shown that more than a third had made no 26 gains in such mental abilities during their school years. Mr. Daniels needed to_27_ the high cost of attending Purdue to its students and their families. After all, the percentage of Americans who say a college degree is "very important" has fallen  28 in the last 5-6 years.Purdue now has a pilot test to assess students' critical thinking skills. Yet like many collegeteachers around the U.S., the faculty remain _29_ that their work as educators can be measured by "learning  30 _ " such as a graduate's ability to investigate and reason. However, the professors need not worry so much. The results of a recent experiment showed that professors can use _31_ metrics to measure how well students do in three key areas: critical thinking, written munication, and quantitative literacy.Despite the success of the experiment, the actual results are worrisome, and mostly _32_ earlier studies. The organizers of the experiment concluded that far fewer students were achieving high levels on critical thinking than they were doing for written munication or quantitative literacy. And that conclusion is based only on students nearing graduation. American universities, despite their global33_ for excellence in teaching, have only begun to demonstrate what they can produce in real-world learning. Knowledge-based degrees are still important, but employers arestill important, but employers are _34_ advanced thinking skills from college graduates. If the intellectual worth of a college degree can be _35_ measured, more people will seek higher educationand e out better thinkers.A. accurately B. confirm C. demanding D. doubtful E. drastically F. justify G. monopolized H. oute I. predominance J. presuming K. reputation L. significantM. signify N. simultaneously O. standardized答案：(26)L. significant (27)F. justify(28)E. drastically(29)D. doubtful(30)H. oute(31)O. standardized(32)B. confirm(33)K. reputation(34)C. demanding(35)A. accurately2017年6月英語六級閱讀真題與答案 第1套 仔細閱讀2篇Open data sharers are still in the minority in many fields. Although many researchers broadly agree that public access to raw data would accelerate science, most are reluctant to post theresults of their own labors online.Some munities have agreed to share onlinegeneticists, for example, post DNA sequencesat the GenBank repository (庫) , and astronomers are accustomed to accessing images ofgalaxies and stars from, say, the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, a telescope that has observed some500 million objectsbut these remain the exception, not the rule. Historically, scientists haveobjected to sharing for many reasons: it is a lot of work; until recently, good databases did notexist; grant funders were not pushing for sharing; it has been difficult to agree on standardsfor formatting data; and there is no agreed way to assign credit for data.But the barriers are disappearing, in part because journals and funding agencies worldwide areencouraging scientists to make their data public. Last year, the Royal Society in London said inits report that scientists need to "shift away from a research culture where data is viewed as aprivate preserve". Funding agencies note that data paid for with public money should be publicinformation, and the scientific munity is recognizing that data can now be shared digitallyin ways that were not possible before. To match the growing demand, services are springing upto make it easier to publish research products online and enable other researchers to discoverand cite them.Although calls to share data often concentrate on the moral advantages of sharing, thepractice is not purely altruistic (利他的). Researchers who share get plenty of personal benefits, including more connections with colleagues, improved visibility and increased citations. Themost successful sharersthose whose data are downloaded and cited the most often-getnoticed, and their work gets used. For example, one of the most popular data sets onmultidisciplinary repository Dryad is about wood density around the world; it has beendownloaded 5,700 times. Co-author Amy Zanne thinks that users probably range from climate-change researchers wanting to estimate how much carbon is stored in biomass, to foresterslooking for information on different grades of timber. "I'd much prefer to have my data used bythe maximum number of people to ask their own questions," she says. "It's important to allowreaders and reviewers to see exactly how you arrive at your results. Publishing data and codeallows your science to be reproducible."Even people whose data are less popular can benefit. By making the effort to organize andlabel files so others can understand them, scientists bee more organized and betterdisciplined themselves, thus avoiding confusion later on.46. What do many researchers generally accept?A. It is imperative to protect scientists' patents.B. Repositories are essential to scientific research.C. Open data sharing is most important to medical science.D. Open data sharing is conducive to scientific advancement.47. What is the attitude of most researchers towards making their own data public?A. Opposed.B. Ambiguous.C. Liberal.D. Neutral.48. According to the passage, what might hinder open data sharing?A. The fear of massive copying.B. The lack of a research culture.C. The belief that research data is private intellectual property.D. The concern that certain agencies may make a profit out of it.49. What helps lift some of the barriers to open data sharing?A. The ever-growing demand for big data.B. The advancement of digital technology.C. The changing attitude of journals and funders.D. The trend of social and economic development.50. Dryad serves as an example to show how open data sharing _.A. is being increasingly popularB. benefits sharers and users alikeC. makes researchers successfulD. saves both money and laborPassage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Macy's reported its sales plunged 5.2% in November and December at stores open more than a year, a disappointing holiday season performance that capped a difficult year for a department store chain facing wide-ranging challenges. Its flagship stores in major U.S. cities depend heavily on international tourist spending, which shrank at many retailers due to a strong dollar. Meanwhile, Macy's has simply struggled to lure consumers who are more interested in spending on travel or dining out than on new clothes or accessories.The pany blamed much of the poor performance in November and December on unseasonably warm weather. "About 80% of our pany's year-over-year declines in parable sales can be attributed to shortfalls (短缺) in cold-weather goods," said chief executive Teny Lundgren in a press release. This prompted the pany to cut its forecasts for the full fourth quarter.However, it's clear that Macy's believes its troubles run deeper than a temporary aberration (偏離) off the thermometer. The retail giant said the poor financial performance this year has pushed it to begin implementing $400 million in cost-cutting measures. The pany pledged to cut 600 back-office positions, though some 150 workers in those roles would be reassigned to other jobs. It also plans to offer "voluntary separation" packages to 165 senior executives. It will slash staffing at its fleet of 770 stores, a move affecting some 3,000 employees.The retailer also announced the locations of 36 stores it will close in early 2016. The pany had previously announced the planned closures, but had not said which locations would be affected. None of the chain's stores in the Washington metropolitan area are to be closed.Macy's has been moving aggressively to try to remake itself for a new era of shopping. It has plans to open more locations of Macy's Backstage, a newly-developed off-price concept which might help it better pete with ambitious T. J. Maxx. It's also pushing ahead in 2016 with an expansion of Bluemercury, the beauty chain it bought last year. At a time when young beauty shoppers are often turning to Sephora or Ulta instead of department store beauty counters, Macy's hopes Bluemercury will help strengthen its position in the category.One relative bright spot for Macy's during the holiday season was the online channel, where it rang up "double-digit" increases in sales and a 25% increase in the number of orders it filled. That relative strength would be consistent with what was seen in the wilder retail industry during the early part of the holiday season. While Thanksgiving, Black Friday and Cyber Monday all saw record spending online, in-store sales plunged over the holiday weekend.51. What does the author say about the shrinking spending of international tourists in the U.S.?A. It is attributable to the rising value of the U.S. dollar.B. It is a direct result of the global economic recession.C. It reflects a shift of their interest in consumer goods.D. It poses a potential threat to the retail business in the U.S.52. What does Macy's believe about its problems?A. They can be solved with better management.B. They cannot be attributed to weather only.C. They are not as serious in its online stores.D. They call for increased investments.53. In order to cut costs, Macy's decided to _.A. cut the salary of senior executivesB. relocate some of its chain storesC. adjust its promotion strategiesD. reduce the size of its staff54. Why does Macy's plan to expand Bluemercury in 2016?A. To experiment on its new business concept.B. To focus more on beauty products than clothing.C. To promote sales of its products by lowering prices.D. To be more petitive in sales of beauty products.55. What can we learn about Macy's during the holiday season?A. Sales dropped sharply in its physical stores.B. Its retail sales exceeded those of T. J. Maxx.C. It helped Bluemercury establish its position worldwide.D. It filled its stores with abundant supply of merchandise.Passage onePassage two2017年6月英語六級閱讀真題與答案 第2套 選詞填空Half of your brain stays alert and prepared for danger when you sleep in a new place, a study has revealed. This phenomenon is often _26_ to as the "first-night-effect". Researchers from Brown University found that a network in the left hemisphere of the brain "remained more active" than the network in the right side of the brain. Playing sounds into the right ears (stimulating the left hemisphere) of _27_ was more likely to wake them up than if the noises were played into their left ear.It was _28_ observed that the left side of the brain was more active during deep sleep. When the researchers repeated the laboratory experiment on the second and third nights they found the left hemisphere could not be stimulated in the same way during deep sleep. The researchers explained that the study demonstrated when we are in a _29_ environment the brain partly remains alert so that humans can defend themselves against any _30_ danger.The researchers believe this is the first time that the "first-night-effect" of different brain states has been _31_ in humans. It isn't, however, the first time it has ever been seen. Some animal _32_ also display this phenomenon. For example, dolphins, as well as other _33_ animals, shut down one hemisphere of the brain when they go to sleep. A previous study noted that dolphins always _34_ control their breathing. Without keeping the brain active while sleeping, they would probably drown. But, as the human study suggest, another reason for dolphins keeping their eyes open during sleep is that they can look out for _35_ while asleep. It also keeps their physiological processes working.A. ClassifiedB. consciouslyC. dramaticallyD. exoticE. identifiedF. inherentG. marineH. novelI. potentialJ. predatorsK. referredL. speciesM. specificallyN. varietiesO. volunteers答案 (26)K. referred(27)O. volunteers(28)M. specifically(29)H. novel(30)I. potential(31)E. identified(32)L. species(33)G. marine(34)B. consciously(35)J. predators2017年6月英語六級閱讀真題與答案 第2套 仔細閱讀2篇Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.We live today indebted to McCardell, Cashin, Hawes, Wilkins, and Maxwell, and other women who liberated American fashion from the confines of Parisian design. Independence came in tying, wrapping, storing, harmonizing, and rationalizing that wardrobe. These designers established the modem dress code, letting playsuits and other active wear outfits suffice for casual clothing, allowing pants to enter the wardrobe, and prizing rationalism and versatility in dress, in contradiction to dressing for an occasion or allotment of the day. Fashion in America was logical and answerable to the will of the women who wore it. Implicitly or explicitly, American fashion addressed a democracy, whereas traditional Paris-based fashion was prescriptive and imposed on women, willing or not.In an earlier time, American fashion had also followed the dictates of Paris, or even copied and pirated specific French designs. Designer sportswear was not modeled on that of Europe, as "modem art" would later be; it was genuinely invented and developed in America. Its designers were not high-end with supplementary lines. The design objective and the business mitment were to sportswear, and the distinctive traits were problem-solving ingenuity and realistic lifestyle applications. Ease of care was most important: summer dresses and outfits, in particular, were chiefly cotton, readily capable of being washed and pressed at home. Closings were simple, practical, and accessible, as the modem woman depended on no personal maid to dress her. American designers prized resourcefulness and the freedom of women who wore the clothing.Many have argued that the women designers of this time were able to project their own clothing values into a new style. Of course, much of this argument in the 1930s-40s was advanced because there was little or no experience in justifying apparel (服裝) on the basis of utility. If Paris was cast aside, the tradition of beauty was also to some degree slighted. Designer sportswear would have to be verified by a standard other than that of pure beauty; the emulation of a designer's life in designer sportswear was a crude version of this relationship. The consumer was ultimately to be mentioned as well, especially by the likes of Dorothy Shaver, who could point to the sales figures at Lord & Taylor.Could utility alone justify the new ideas of the American designers? Fashion is often regarded as a pursuit of beauty, and some cherished fashion's trivial relationship to the fine arts. What the designers of the American sportswear proved was that fashion is a genuine design art, answering to the demanding needs of service. Of course these practical, insightful designers have determined the course of late twentieth-century fashion. They were the pioneers of gender equity, in their useful, adaptable clothing, which was both made for the masses and capable of self-expression.46. What contribution did the women designers make to American fashion?A. They made some improvements on the traditional Parisian design.B. They formulated a dress code with distinctive American features.C. They came up with a brand new set of design procedures.D. They made originality a top priority in their fashion design.47. What do we learn about American designer sportswear?A. It imitated the European model.B. It laid emphasis on women's beauty.C. It represented genuine American art.D. It was a pletely new invention.48. What characterized American designer sportswear?A. Pursuit of beauty.B. Decorative closings.C. Ease of care.D. Fabric quality.49. What occurred in the design of women's apparel in America during the 1930s-40s?A. A shift of emphasis from beauty to utility.B. The emulation of traditional Parisian design.C. A search for balance between tradition and novelty.D. The involvement of more women in fashion design.50. What do we learn about designers of American sportswear?A. They catered to the taste of the younger generation.B. They radically changed people's concept of beauty.C. They advocated equity between men and women.D. They became rivals of their Parisian counterparts.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the followingpassage.Massive rubbish dumps and sprawling landfillsconstitute one of the more unfortable impactsthat humans have on wildlife. They have led some birds to give up on migration. Instead offlying thousands of miles in search of food, they make the waste sites their winter feedinggrounds.Researchers in Germany used miniature GPS tags to track the migrations of 70 white storks(鸛) from different sites across Europe and Asia during the first five months of their lives. Whilemany birds travelled along well-known routes to warmer climates, others stopped short andspent the winter on landfills, feeding on food waste, and the multitudes of insects that thriveon the dumps.In the short-term, the birds seem to benefit from overwintering (過冬) on rubbish dumps. Andrea Flack of the Max Planck Institute found that birds following traditional migrationroutes were more likely to die than German storks that flew only as far as northern Morocco, and spent the winter there on rubbish dumps. "For the birds it's a very convenient way to getfood. There are huge clusters of organic waste they can feed on," said Flack. The meals arenot particularly appetising, or even safe. Much of the waste is discarded rotten meat, mixed inwith other human debris such as plastic bags and old toys."It's very risky. The birds can easily eat pieces of plastic or rubber bands and they can die," said Flack. "And we don't know about the long-term consequences. They might eat somethingtoxic and damage their health. We cannot estimate that yet."The scientists tracked white storks from different colonies in Europe and Africa. The Russian, Greek and Polish storks flew as far as South Africa, while those from Spain, Tunisia andGermany flew only as far as the Sahel.Landfill sites on the Iberian peninsula have long attracted local white storks, but all of theSpanish birds tagged in the study flew across the Sahara desert to the western Sahel. Writing inthe journal, the scientists describe how the storks from Germany were clearly affected by thepresence of waste sites, with four out of six birds that survived for at least five monthsoverwintering on rubbish dumps in northern Morocco, instead of migrating to the Sahel.Flack said it was too early to know whether the benefits of plentiful food outweighed the risksof feeding on landfills. But that's not the only uncertainty. Migrating birds affect ecosystemsboth at home and at their winter destinations, and disrupting the traditional routes could haveunexpected side effects. White storks feed on locusts (蝗蟲) and other insects that can beepests if their numbers get out of hand. "They provide a useful service," said Flack.51. What is the impact of rubbish dumps on wildlife?A. They have forced white storks to search for safer winter shelters.B. They have seriously polluted the places where birds spend winter.C. They have accelerated the reproduction of some harmful insects.D. They have changed the previous migration habits of certain birds.52. What do we learn about birds following the traditional migration routes?A. They can mu