年 級初一學 科英語版 本牛津深圳版課程標題上冊M2 Unit 3 The Earth（二）一、學習目標1. 能夠談論如何保護地球。2. 掌握few, a few, little, a little的區(qū)別。3. 了解help后接動詞的用法。4. 能夠?qū)戧P(guān)于保護地球的報告。5. 了解中國關(guān)于太陽的神話傳說。二、重點、難點重點：1. 單詞：few, own, help2. 短語：ask sb. to do sth.; have a look at; keep sb./sth. +adj.; find out3. 句型: 1) What is the weather like in different places on Earth?2) We need air to survive. 3) Air has no taste. 4) It keeps us alive.難點:few, a few, little, a little的用法。一、單詞領(lǐng)讀survive n. 生存alive adj. 活著的smell n. 氣味breathe v. 呼吸poem n. 詩歌balloon n. 氣球taste n. & v. 味道 & 品嘗lift v. 舉起rise v. 升起，上升few adj. &porn. 很少的&很少二、重點單詞【單詞學習】1. few adj. &pron. 很少的&很少【例句】What do you think of George? 你認為喬治是怎樣的人？Hes a man of few words. He always stays alone.他是個話很少的人。他總是獨自呆著。【考點】few, a few，little, a little的區(qū)別：few用來修飾可數(shù)名詞，表示否定意義，意為“沒幾個，幾乎沒有”。I have few apples. 我沒有幾個蘋果。a few用來修飾可數(shù)名詞，表示肯定意思，意為“有幾個”。There are a few books on the desk.桌上有幾本書。little用來修飾不可數(shù)名詞，表否定意思，意為“很少，幾乎沒有”。There is little milk in the bottle.瓶中沒有多少牛奶了。a little用來修飾不可數(shù)名詞，表示肯定意思，意為“有一點”。There is a little water in the bowl.碗里有一點水?！究碱}鏈接】You look sad, Kate.Yeah. I have made _ mistakes in my report. A. a little B. little C. a few D. few 答案：C思路分析：根據(jù)句意“你看起來很傷心，Kate?！薄笆堑?。我在報告里犯了幾個錯誤。”判斷是“犯了錯誤”才“傷心”，故句子表達肯定意義，“空”后名詞是可數(shù)名詞的復數(shù)，用few或a few修飾。故正確答案選C。2. own v. 擁有；承認【用法1】其名詞為owner，意為“占有者，擁有者”?！纠洹縃e owns a beautiful house. =He is the owner of the beautiful house.他擁有一棟漂亮的房子?！居梅?】own 作為形容詞或代詞。意為“自己的”。常用結(jié)構(gòu)為：ones own + sth.某人自己的某物?！纠洹縏his is his own car.這是他自己的小汽車?！居梅?】on ones own = by oneself 意為“獨自地，靠自己地”?！纠洹縈y father lives on his own. = My father lives by himself. 我爸爸獨自生活?！究碱}鏈接】We can take our _ shopping bags to the supermarket.A. owner B. own C. owning D.to own答案：B思路分析：own 作為形容詞或代詞。意為“自己的”。常用結(jié)構(gòu)為：ones own + sth.某人自己的某物。所以選B。3.help v.幫助【用法】help 是及物動詞，意為“幫助”。后接名詞，代詞或（to）do sth.作賓語。help 的常用結(jié)構(gòu)為：help (to) do sth. 幫助做某事。help sb.(to) do sth. 幫助某人去做某事。【例句】The students in the village often help do farm work.村莊里的學生經(jīng)常幫助干農(nóng)活?！究碱}鏈接】The students in the school often _ their parents do housework.A. help B. helps C. to help D.helping答案：A思路分析: 本句主語為“students”,后面有“do housework”,所以B項不對。C、D項不能充當謂語動詞?！炯磳W即練】（一）從括號里選擇正確的單詞填空。1. Water keeps people _ (alive; living).2. We need air to _ (breathe; breath). 3. Balloons use air to _ (raise; rise) in the air. 4. Air pollution _ (come; comes) from traffic.（二）單選。1. Those arent her _ seafood.A. with B. own C. has D. by2. Can you speak English? Yes, but only _.A. few B. a few C. little D. a little 3. The policemen often _ people do good things.A. have B. help C. let D. want4. There _ a computer and five books in our school.A. are B. is C. be D. have 答案：（一）1.alive 2.breathe 3.rise es （二）1.B 2.D 3. B 4.B三、重點短語【短語學習】1. ask sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事【用法】 其否定形式為：ask sb. not to do sth.要求某人別做某事【例句】The teacher asked us not to be late on beach clean-up day.老師要求我們在海灘清潔日時別遲到?！就卣埂縱. + sb. to do sth. 結(jié)構(gòu)的動詞還有： tell sb.(not) to do sth.告訴某人（別）做某事；want sb.(not) to do sth. 想某人（別）做某事；order sb.(not) to do sth. 命令某人（別）做某事?！纠洹緿oes your mother tell you not to talk loudly in public? 你媽媽告訴你別在公共場所大聲說話了嗎？【考題鏈接】The old man asked me _ a photo with him.A. take B. taking C. to take D. takes答案：C思路分析: ask sb. to do sth. 是固定搭配。所以選C。2. have a look at sth. 看一看某物【用法】have a look at sth.= take a look at sth. ,意為“看一看某物”。have/take a look at sth.與look at 同義，但have/take a look at sth. 更強調(diào)動作的發(fā)生。【例句】May I have/take a look at your new bike? 我能看看你的新自行車嗎？【考題鏈接】May I look at your new car?A. take a look at B. look up C. look out D. look for答案：A思路分析: B項“查閱”，C項“當心”，D項“尋找”都不符合題意。3. keep sb./sth. + adj. 保持某人或某物怎么樣【例句】Keep the trees green. 保持樹為綠色?！究碱}鏈接】The teacher tells us to keep the classroom _.A. clean B. cleaning C. to clean D. cleanly答案：A思路分析：B項為doing形式，C項為to do形式, D項為副詞，均不符合keep 后加adj的結(jié)構(gòu)。所以選A。4. find out 找到，發(fā)現(xiàn)【例句】Please find out his name. 請找出他的名字?！究键c】look for, find, find out 的區(qū)別：look for為動詞詞組，意為“尋找”，強調(diào)“尋找找”的過程。The police looked for the thief everywhere, but they didnt find him.警察到處找那位小偷，但沒找到。 find指“偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)”或“幾乎無困難地找到”。強調(diào)“尋找”的結(jié)果。I find my pen under my bed.我在床下找到我的鋼筆。find out強調(diào)經(jīng)過一番調(diào)查，了解和查詢后才弄明白而“找到”。We must find out a way to protect the Earth. 我們必須找到一條保護地球的方法。【考題鏈接】Lily _ her shoes, but she didnt _ them.A. looked for; find B. found; looked for C. looked for; find out D. found out; looked for答案：A思路分析：look for強調(diào)“尋找”的過程。find強調(diào)“尋找”的結(jié)果。綜上所述，只有A項符合?！炯磳W即練】（一）用括號中所給詞的適當形式填空。1. There are _ fish in the river than before. (few)2. They are _ for their mothers. (look)3. Tom asked his sister _ her homework. (do)4. We must keep our room _. (cleanly)（二）漢譯英。1. 我可以讀懂一張海報去學習關(guān)于地球的事情。_2. 后羿把九個太陽從空中射下來了。_3. 我們呼吸需要空氣。 _4. 空氣讓我們活著。_答案：（一）1.fewer 2.looking 3. to do 4. clean（二）1. I can read a poster to learn about the Earth. 2. Hou Yi shot nine suns out of the sky. 3. We need air to breathe. 4. Air keeps us alive. 四、重點句型【句型學習】1. What is the weather like in different places on Earth? 地球上不同地方的天氣如何？【句析】 這是一個詢問天氣情況的句式。其中，like 是介詞。除此之外，還可以用“How is the weather?”來詢問天氣?！纠洹縒hats the weather like today? 今天天氣怎么樣？Its fine.天晴。【考題鏈接】_ is the weather like today?A. How B. What C. Why D. When答案：B思路分析：Whats the weather like .?是固定搭配。2.We need air to survive.我們需要空氣來生存。【句析】need作為實義動詞，其后面的賓語可以是名詞，動名詞,動詞不定式或代詞。在此情況下need可用于肯定句，否定句和疑問句中，構(gòu)成否定句和疑問句時要借助于助動詞do或does?！纠洹縒e need a great deal of money now. 我們現(xiàn)在需要很多錢。They dont need it any more. 他們不再需要它了。【注意】 need作為情態(tài)動詞，沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化?；卮鹩蒑ust引導的一般疑問句時，否定回答用neednt。當表示某事需要被做時可以用“sth. need(s) doing”或“sth. need(s) to be done.” ?！究碱}鏈接】 _ I type this letter again?No, you _.A. Need; neednt B. Must; mustnt C. Need; dont D. Must; dont答案：A思路分析: B項的否定回答應該是“neednt”。C,D項不符合情態(tài)動詞的用法。3. Air has no taste. 空氣沒有氣味?！揪湮觥縩o 形容詞，意為“沒有”。表否定意義。位于單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前面時，相當于not a (not.a)?！纠洹縏he old woman has no child. = The old woman doesnt have a child.那位老婦人沒有孩子。【拓展】no位于復數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞前面時，相當于not any(not.any)?！纠洹縏here is no water on the moon. =There is not any water on the moon.月球上沒有水?！究碱}鏈接】Air has _ smell.A. no B. not C. no any D. not some答案：A思路分析：A項“no” 為形容詞，意為“沒有”。表否定意義。位于單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前面時，相當于not a (not.a)。而B,C,D項不合語法結(jié)構(gòu)。4. It keeps us alive. 它讓我們活在世上。【句析】此句結(jié)構(gòu)為“keep sb. /sth. + adj.”，其中alive 為形容詞，表“活著的，在世的”，常作表語?！纠洹縏he dog is alive. 這只狗是活著的。【考點】alive, lively與living的區(qū)別：alivealive 為形容詞，表“活著的，在世的”，常作表語，也可作后置定語。Is the cat alive or dead? 那只貓活的還是死的？livelylively “活潑的”，常作表語，與active同義。He is a lively child and popular with everyone.他是一個活潑的孩子，大家都喜歡他。living表示“活著的，在使用的”，常作定語，也可作表語。作表語時與alive意思相同。All living things need water and air.所有的生物都需要水和空氣?！究碱}鏈接】Mary is a _ girl and we like her very much.A. alive B. lively C. living D. live答案：B思路分析:A項“活著的”，作表語。C項“活著的”，作定語。D項“居住”，均不符合題意。只有B項“活潑的”，可作定語?！炯磳W即練】I. 根據(jù)音標和句意寫單詞。1. I saw the whole accident with my _ eyes.2. We have protected the lake from _.3. It is _ to see that everything goes well.4. Please _ the rubbish into the bin.II. 從方框中選擇適當?shù)膯卧~完成句子。feel lift keep smell breathe risesThe Sun _ in the east.I can _ the wind blowing on my face from an open window.This box is too heavy for me to _.Please _ the child quiet.The _ of the food filld the kitchen.All living things_ air.III.漢譯英。 1. 在起始： 2. 例如： 3. 找出，發(fā)現(xiàn)： 4. 不同種類的魚： 5. 拯救海洋： 6. 變得更涼爽:答案：I. 1. own 2. pollution 3. important 4. put II. 1. rises 2. feel 3. lift 4. keep 5. smell 6. breathe III. 1. at the beginning of 2. for example 3. find out 4. different types of fish 5. save the sea 6. get cooler12 / 12