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名詞性從句九大高考熱點(diǎn)分析 名詞性從句包括主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句。因?yàn)樗菑木?，因此具有句子的結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)（即有一套主謂成份）；同時(shí)又具有名詞性特點(diǎn)，所以可以在復(fù)合句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或同位語(yǔ)。名詞性從句是中學(xué)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的重點(diǎn)，也是高考的主要考點(diǎn)之一。我們必須弄懂和掌握以下熱點(diǎn)問(wèn)題。 一、連接詞what與that的用法區(qū)別。 引導(dǎo)主、賓、表語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，what要充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)等句子成分，that不作任何成分，只在語(yǔ)法上起連接的作用。例如 ____ we can’t get seems better than ____ we have. A. What; what B. what; that C. That; that D. That; what 解析：本句包含一個(gè)主語(yǔ)從句和一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句，且兩個(gè)從句都缺乏賓語(yǔ)，可見(jiàn)兩個(gè)引導(dǎo)詞都必須充當(dāng)成分，所以答案是A。又如： ____ caused the accident is still a complete mystery. A. What B. That C. How D. Where 解析：該題答案是A，what在主語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)，即作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞caused的執(zhí)行者。在下面的例句中，that不充當(dāng)任何成份，只起語(yǔ)法連接作用（因?yàn)榫渥颖旧聿蝗背煞郑? That the former Iraq president Saddam was captured has been proved. 二、 連接詞whether和if的用法區(qū)別。 通常，引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，要用連詞whether，不用if；習(xí)慣上也只能說(shuō)whether or not，而不說(shuō)if …or not。例如： ____ the 2000 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet. A. Whenever B. If C. Whether D. That 解析：試題中的從句位于句首，不難知道這是一個(gè)主語(yǔ)從句，所以答案是C。但是在賓語(yǔ)從句中表達(dá)“是否”既可用if也可用whether。 三、 名詞性從句的語(yǔ)序。 與別的從句一樣，名詞性從句必須用陳述語(yǔ)序。例如: No one can be sure ____ in a million years. A. what man will look like B. what will man look like C. man will look like what D. what look will man like 解析：由于從句不能倒裝，所以答案只能是A。又如： You can’t imagine ____ when they received these nice Christmas presents. A. how they were excited B. how excited they were C. how excited were they D. they were how excited 解析：答案是B。同時(shí)還須注意，從句的引導(dǎo)詞必須始終置于句首，而且how和被修飾的詞excited不能分裂開(kāi)。 四、 形式主語(yǔ)、形式賓語(yǔ)。 當(dāng)主語(yǔ)從句較長(zhǎng)，而謂語(yǔ)較短時(shí)，常常將從句后置，而用it作為形式主語(yǔ)，置于句首。 動(dòng)詞后接復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)，也可用it作形式賓語(yǔ)。例如: ____ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. A. There B. This C. That D. It 解析：所需詞至于句首，同時(shí)后面有that-從句（邏輯主語(yǔ)），可見(jiàn)這里應(yīng)該用形式主語(yǔ)it,所以答案是D。think, find, consider, believe, feel等動(dòng)詞后常帶復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)。例如： Many people think it possible that a trade war between EU and the States will happen. 五、 Who / whoever, what / whatever等的用法區(qū)別。 一般說(shuō)來(lái)，what/who等含特指意義，而whatever/whoever等含泛指意義，意為“無(wú)論什么/無(wú)論誰(shuí)”。例如： It is generally considered unwise to give a child ____ he or she wants. A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever 解析：答案是B，whatever引導(dǎo)一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句，并且作wants的賓語(yǔ)。這里的whatever不能改成what，因?yàn)轭}意想表達(dá)的顯然是“無(wú)論孩子要什么就給他/她什么事不明智的”，具有泛指的概念。同時(shí)要注意，這里whatever也不能改用no matter what，因?yàn)楹笳咧荒芤龑?dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句。又如： ____ has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising. A. Who B. The one C. Anyone D. Whoever 解析：答案是D，whoever意為“無(wú)論誰(shuí)”，表泛指。比較下例： I can’t remember at the moment who has said the words. （這里的who表特定的某人） 六、 Where, when, why等連接副詞引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句。 Where, when, why等連接副詞也可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，使用的關(guān)鍵是：這個(gè)詞必須符合句子的邏輯意義要求。例如： — I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. — Is that ____ you had a few days off? A. why B. when C. that D. where 解析：答案是A，why引導(dǎo)的從句作表語(yǔ)，同時(shí)why在從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)。這里之所以選why，而不是when或 where等，唯一的依據(jù)便是句子的邏輯含義，及語(yǔ)境。又如（MET94）； —Do you remember ____ he came? —Yes, I do, he came by car. A. How B. when C. that D. if 解析：答案是A，從答語(yǔ) “he came by car”可知這里問(wèn)的是“he”來(lái)的方式，所以用how引導(dǎo)。 七．“介詞+who(m)引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句”與“介詞+ whom”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別。 介詞后面的引導(dǎo)詞用主格還是賓格，決定于它在賓語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)還是賓語(yǔ)。例如： It was a matter of ____ would take the position. A. who B. whoever C. whom D. whomever 解析：答案是A。這是一個(gè)含賓語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句，作介詞of賓語(yǔ)的，是后面的整個(gè)句子，而不是賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞，由于這里引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)，所以要用主格who（作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)自然要用whom）。比較下例： Our country has thousands of excellent scientists, most of whom have received higher education at home. 這是一個(gè)“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句；引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的是“most of+關(guān)系代詞”而不只是這個(gè)關(guān)系代詞，同時(shí)這個(gè)引導(dǎo)詞又作介詞of的賓語(yǔ)，所以要用賓格whom。（注意與介詞后面的賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞的用法進(jìn)行比較和區(qū)別。） 八、連接詞that的省略。 引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，that通?？梢允÷?，但引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，that不能省。例如： China’s success in manned-spacecraft travel shows ____ our country has become one of the greatest powers in space research. A. what B. which C. 不填 D. it that 解析：該句中的從句作shows的賓語(yǔ)，是賓語(yǔ)從句，又因?yàn)閺木渲胁蝗敝?、賓語(yǔ)，所以只能用that引導(dǎo)；又因引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)that可以省略，所以答案是C。 九、同位語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞where, when的用法特點(diǎn)。 說(shuō)明先行詞內(nèi)容的同位語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞where, when與被說(shuō)明的名詞在概念上不一致。但引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞卻必須保持一致。是比較： Then arose the question ____ we were to get so much money. This the house ____ the great man Mao Zedong was born 110 years ago. A. where B. that C. about which D. in which 解析：答案分別是(1) A (2) A/D。先行詞與where, when概念一致時(shí)，是定語(yǔ)從句，（2）中的house與where同表地點(diǎn)，且這個(gè)關(guān)系副詞where或when可以用“介詞+which”的形式代替，所以答案A 和D都可以引導(dǎo)。（1）題中的question與where不表同一概念，可見(jiàn)是同位語(yǔ)從句，所以where不能改用“介詞+which”的形式。 2004-07年高考題 1.(07全國(guó)Ⅱ17) matters most in learning English is enough practice. A.What B.Why C.Where D.Which 答案 A 解析 本題考查主語(yǔ)從句，且從句中缺少主語(yǔ)，所以A項(xiàng)正確。 2.(07天津15) The seaside here draws a lot of tourists every summer.Warm sunshine andsoft sands make it is. A.what B.which C.how D.where 答案 A 解析 句意為：每年夏天這兒的海邊都吸引大量的游客。溫暖的陽(yáng)光和柔軟的沙灘使海邊成了現(xiàn)在的樣子。 what引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，且what在從句中作表語(yǔ)，意為“……的（東西）”。 3.(07安徽33) You can only be sure of you have at present; you cannot be sure of something you might get in the future. A.that;what B.what;/ C.which;that D./;that 答案 B 解析 what引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，并在從句中作賓語(yǔ)；that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，并在從句中作賓語(yǔ)，可以省略。 4.(07湖南28) Having checked the doors were closed，and all the lights were off，the boy opened the door to his bedroom. A.why B.that C.when D.where 答案 B 解析 句意為：確保門(mén)關(guān)上了，且所有的燈都關(guān)上了之后，那個(gè)男孩打開(kāi)門(mén)進(jìn)了他的臥室。checked后跟了兩 個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句，第一個(gè)從句的引導(dǎo)詞that省略了。 5.(07陜西8) parents say and do has a life-long effect on their children. A.That B.Which C.What D.As 答案 C 解析 本題考查名詞性從句的選用。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處主語(yǔ)從句缺少動(dòng)詞say and do的賓語(yǔ)，故用what。 6.(07浙江5) Why not try your luck downtown，Bob? That’s the best jobs are. A.where B.what C.when D.why 答案 A 解析 本題考查名詞性從句。句意為：為什么不到市中心商業(yè)區(qū)去碰碰運(yùn)氣呢，鮑勃？那是最好的工作所在的地方。where“……的地方”，在此引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句。 7.(07福建35) It is none of your business other people think about you.Believe yourself. A.how B.what C.which D.when 答案 B 解析 本題考查名詞性從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，it作形式主語(yǔ)，而真正的主語(yǔ)應(yīng)為后面的從句，且從句中缺 少動(dòng)詞think的賓語(yǔ)，故用what引導(dǎo)。 8.(07江蘇25) Choosing the right dictionary depends on you want to use it for. A.what B.why C.how D.whether 答案 A 解析 what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句作介詞on的賓語(yǔ)， what在從句中又充當(dāng)介詞for的賓語(yǔ)，其他選項(xiàng)為副詞或連 詞，無(wú)此作用。 9.(07山東22) Could I speak to is in charge of International Sales，please? A.anyone B.someone C.whoever D.no matter who 答案 C 解析 whoever在句中引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，作介詞to的賓語(yǔ)，whoever在從句中作主語(yǔ)；no matter who只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。 10.(07山東24) worries me the way he keeps changing his mind. A.This B.That C.What D.It 答案 D 解析 it在句中代指所發(fā)生的事情，the way在句中作方式狀語(yǔ)，同時(shí)又作了先行詞，其后為定語(yǔ)從句，省略了引導(dǎo)詞that或in which。 11.(06北京29) — Could you do me a favor? — It depends on it is. A.which B.whichever C.what D.whatever 答案 C 解析 疑問(wèn)詞+ever引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句或名詞性從句，但句意為：要看幫什么忙了。所以whatever不合適。 12.(06天津4) What we used to think impossible now does seem possible. A.is B.was C.has been D.will be 答案 B 解析 由句意“我們以前認(rèn)為不可能的事現(xiàn)在看起來(lái)的確是可能的”和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞used to think可知空格處的 謂語(yǔ)部分應(yīng)該表達(dá)過(guò)去意義。 13.(06山東27) team wins on Saturday will go through to the national championships. A.No matter what B.No matter whichC.Whatever D.Whichever 答案 D 解析 由句式結(jié)構(gòu)可知此空白處應(yīng)選擇連詞引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，且在主語(yǔ)從句中作team的定語(yǔ)使用，選項(xiàng)中只有whichever和whichever可同時(shí)具備這兩種功能，且從數(shù)個(gè)已知的隊(duì)中選擇一個(gè)，故選whichever。 14. (06安徽29) A warm thought suddenly came to me I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother’s birthday. A.if B.when C.that D.which 答案 C 解析 that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句，解釋a warm thought的具體內(nèi)容。that只起連接作用，但不能省略。 15. (06四川30) —It’s thirty years since we last met. —But I still remember the story，believe it or not， we got lost on a rainy night. A.which B.that C.what D.when 答案 B 解析 that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句。which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句在從句中要作成分；when引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句缺少表時(shí)間的先行詞。 16.(06全國(guó)Ⅰ23) See the flags on top of the building? That was we did this morning.A.when B.which C.where D.what 答案 D 解析 本題考查了表語(yǔ)從句的用法。由句中句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處缺一表語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞，而且要在句中作did的賓語(yǔ)，故只有what符合要求。 17.(06全國(guó)Ⅱ16) —What did your parents think about your decision? —They always let me do I think I should. A.when B.that C.how D.what 答案 D 解析 what可以在賓語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。在本題中作動(dòng)詞do的賓語(yǔ)。 18.(06遼寧30) makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services. A.What B.Who C.Whatever D.Whoever 答案 A 解析 what引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，并作從句的主語(yǔ)，what=the thing that。 19.(05全國(guó)Ⅰ23) Mary wrote an article on the team had failed to win the game. A.why B.what C.who D.that 答案 A 解析 介詞on后是一個(gè)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，可判知該句為賓語(yǔ)從句，因從句中不缺少主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)，所以what、who不對(duì)；that引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)，不在從句中作任何成分，也不表達(dá)任何意義，所以不合題意；why在此引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，并且在從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)。句意為：瑪麗寫(xiě)了一篇關(guān)于該隊(duì)為什么沒(méi)有贏得比賽的文章。 20.(05天津2) Elephants have their own way to tell the shape of an object and it is rough or smooth. A./ B.whether C.how D.what 答案 B 解析 從語(yǔ)法上分析，and后面的部分也應(yīng)是tell的賓語(yǔ)，所以要填一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞。what在從句中無(wú)成分可作，所以不合適；how則意義不對(duì)；而whether正合句意。 21.(05遼寧29) Do you have any idea is actually going on in the classroom? A.that B.what C.as D.which 答案 B 解析 在這里，所填詞引導(dǎo)的從句是對(duì)前面名詞idea內(nèi)容的解釋，所以應(yīng)是同位語(yǔ)從句。同位語(yǔ)從句中缺主語(yǔ)，根據(jù)題意，答案應(yīng)為what。 22.(05浙江15) Danby left word with my secretary he would call again in the afternoon. A.who B.that C.as D.which 答案 B 解析 that引導(dǎo)的從句作word“口信”的同位語(yǔ)，別的引導(dǎo)詞不合適。 23.(05福建26) Mum is coming.What present for your birthday? A.you expect she has got B.you expect has she got C.do you expect she has got D.do you expect has she got 答案 C 解析 本題考查雙重疑問(wèn)句，因此插入語(yǔ)為一般疑問(wèn)句形式；do you except，故排除A、B兩項(xiàng)；另外在此結(jié)構(gòu)中，expect引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，賓語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)用陳述語(yǔ)序。所以選C項(xiàng)。 24.(05湖南35) I was surprised by her words，which made me recognize silly mistakes I had made. A.what B.that C.how D.which 答案 A 解析 句意為：我對(duì)她的話很吃驚，它迫使我承認(rèn)我犯了多么愚蠢的錯(cuò)誤。本題考查賓語(yǔ)從句連接詞的用法。從句表感嘆，中心詞為名詞，所以選what。 25.(05重慶34) The old lady’s hand shook frequently.She explained to her doctor this shaking had begun half a year before，and ，only because of this，she had been forced to give up her job. A.when;how B.how;when C.how;how D.why;why 答案 C 解析 本題考查的是動(dòng)詞explain后引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞的選用。第一空用how較易，但第二空很多考生填when，其實(shí)在前一分句中已有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，故此處用when明顯不對(duì)，仍然需用how引導(dǎo)，即“她是如何被迫放棄工作的”。 26.(05山東26) The shopkeeper did not want to sell for he thought was not enough. A.where B.howC.what D.which 答案 C 解析 what引導(dǎo)從句作介詞for的賓語(yǔ)。what在從句中作主語(yǔ)，此處what可以分解為the money that。句意為：店主不想以在他看來(lái)不足夠高的價(jià)錢(qián)來(lái)賣(mài)東西。 27.(05江西33) The way he did it was different we were used to. A.in whichB.in what C.from what D.from which 答案 C 解析 be different from...為固定搭配短語(yǔ)。what引導(dǎo)from的賓語(yǔ)從句并在句中作介詞to的賓語(yǔ)。 28.(05安徽32) Great changes have taken place in that school.It is no longer it was 20 years ago， it was so poorly equipped. A.what;when B.that;whichC.what;which D.which;that 答案 A 解析 第一個(gè)從句是表語(yǔ)從句并在從句中作表語(yǔ)，所以用what；后面是一個(gè)when引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，其先行詞是20 years ago。 29.(04廣東25) Parents are taught to understand how important education is totheir children’s future. A.that B.how C.such D.so 答案 B 解析 本題關(guān)鍵是對(duì)句子的理解和語(yǔ)序的安排。拋開(kāi)從句不看的話，從句中的原句應(yīng)該是：Education is important to their children’s future。強(qiáng)調(diào)important，用how來(lái)修飾，再把它提前，所以應(yīng)該選how。 30.(04全國(guó)Ⅰ31) You are saying that everyone should be equal，and this is I disagree.A.why B.where C.what D.how 答案 B 解析 where引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，where指的是在某一點(diǎn)上，相當(dāng)于at the point。句意為：你說(shuō)每個(gè)人都應(yīng)該平等，在這一點(diǎn)上，我不同意你的說(shuō)法。disagree是不及物動(dòng)詞，所以不能用what。 31.(04天津35) A modern city has been set up in was a wasteland ten years ago. A.what B.which C.that D.where 答案 A 解析 in后接賓語(yǔ)從句，賓語(yǔ)從句中缺少句子的主語(yǔ)，要用what作主語(yǔ)。 32.(04北京31) We can’t figure out quite a number of insects，birds，and animals are dying out. A.that B.as C.why D.when 答案 C 解析 本題考查引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞are dying out可排除as、when兩項(xiàng)。figure out有“理解，想出；計(jì)算”等意。根據(jù)句意應(yīng)選why。 33.(04湖南24) I think father would like to know I’ve been up to so far，so I decide to send him a quick note. A.which B.why C.what D.how 答案 C 解析 此句關(guān)鍵在于弄清短語(yǔ)be up to該短語(yǔ)意思是：忙于，從事，其中to為介詞，所以需要一個(gè)代詞，根據(jù)句意，只能用what。 34.(04上海春38) The other day，my brother drove his car down the street at I thought was a dangerous speed. A.as B.which C.what D.that 答案 C 解析 at后接賓語(yǔ)從句，當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句中缺少主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)時(shí)，要用what引導(dǎo)。此句中what作賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)。 35.(04上海春41) Along with the letter was his promise he would visit me this coming Christmas. A.which B.that C.what D.whether 答案 B 解析 本題考查同位語(yǔ)從句。句意為:他在信中承諾：在即將到來(lái)的圣誕節(jié)來(lái)看望我。由句子結(jié)構(gòu)可以看出promise后的從句非常完整，不缺少任何句子成份；由題意可知該從句用以說(shuō)明promise的內(nèi)容，所以可判斷出是一個(gè)同位語(yǔ)從句，因?yàn)槭窃陉愂鲆粋€(gè)事實(shí)，故引導(dǎo)詞要用that。