wordTopic 2How about exploring Tiananmen Square?一 重點(diǎn)句型。Section A 1. Id like to speak to Michael. 我想找邁克爾接。打時的常用語。也可以這樣說：May I speak to Michael? 找邁克爾接好嗎？e.g. Hello! May I speak to Helen? 你好！找海倫接可以嗎？ 2. Glad to receive your postcard. 很高興收到你的明信片。這是一種簡略的說法，完整的說法是：Im glad toreceive your postcard. 類似的說法有：Nice to meet you. = Im nice to meet you. 很高興見到你。3. While you were enjoying your trip to Mount Tai, I was busy preparing for my exams.當(dāng)你在享受旅游泰山之樂時，我正忙著準(zhǔn)備考試。1） A. 這是一個由連詞w h i l e 引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句。當(dāng)一個動作正在進(jìn)展時，另一個動作也同時在發(fā)生，有比照的意味，一般主從句都用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)展時或過去進(jìn)展時。e.g. I was doing my homework while mom was cooking. 媽媽做飯時，我在做作業(yè)。 B. 時間狀語從句可以放在主句之前，也可以放在主句之后。e.g. While mom was cooking, I was doing my homework. 媽媽做飯時，我在做作業(yè)。需要注意的是：從句在前面時，主從句之間要用逗號隔開。2） be busy doing sth.忙于做某事，后面還可接名詞，即be busy with sth.忙于某事。e.g. I am busy doing my homework. = I am busy with my homework. 我忙于做作業(yè)。3） prepare fordoingsth 準(zhǔn)備做某事；e.g. The students are preparing for the ing exams. 學(xué)生正在準(zhǔn)備即將到來的考試。4. Im looking forward to meeting him. 我盼著與他見面。look forward to 意為“期待，盼望，to 是介詞，后面可加名詞、代詞或動名詞；e.g. He is looking forward to going abroad. 他期待去國外。5. Would you help me make a plan to explore Beijing before he es? 在他來之前，你能幫我制訂一個探索的計(jì)劃嗎？1 Would you 比will you 語氣更加客氣，委婉, 類似還有：could you.?e.g. Could you e along with us ? 你要和我們一起嗎？2 A. make a plan to do sth.制訂計(jì)劃做某事；e.g. The boy made a plan to visit around the world. 男孩制訂了一個環(huán)游全世界的計(jì)劃。 B. make a plan for sth.為某事制訂計(jì)劃；e.g. I made a plan for my summer vacation. 我為我的暑假制訂了一個計(jì)劃。3 explore 動詞， 意為“考察某地區(qū)，探險，勘察；e.g. He went out to explore.他出去考察了。擴(kuò)展：explorer 名詞，意為“探險家，探測者；e.g. She want to be an explorer when she grows up. 當(dāng)她長大后，她想成為一名探險家。6. That would be very interesting. 那將會很有趣。would意為“一定會；就會，是情態(tài)動詞，后接動詞原形，表示猜想。e.g. She would look nice with short hair. 她留短發(fā)會很好看。7. Would you help me plan a trip ? 請你幫我定個旅行計(jì)劃好嗎？ 1） A. Would 與you 連用表示請求或要求；wont you加強(qiáng)邀請的語氣。但would 比will語氣更加客氣，委婉。 e.g. Will you e this way, please? 請這邊走好嗎？ Wont you ing in and take a seat? 你怎么不進(jìn)來找個位子坐下？B. Will you.? 和 Would you.? 在表達(dá)“請求時用法完全一樣，其答語也一樣。只是后者更有禮貌。e.g. Will /Would you have some more tea? 再喝點(diǎn)茶，好嗎？Yes, please. 好的。 / No, thank you. 不，謝謝。2） trip 作可數(shù)名詞，意為“旅行，旅程。 動詞短語 plan a trip 意為“制定旅行計(jì)劃。8. Could/ Can you e along with us? 你和我們一起來好嗎?1在表達(dá)請求別人做某事常用can/ could，could 更禮貌。肯定回答時用：can/may, 不用could。e.g. Could/ Can I ask you a question, Mr. Lee?教師，我可以問你一個問題嗎？ Yes, of course you can. 當(dāng)然可以。2） e along (with) 意為“跟著來，跟隨；e.g. Ray had some work to finish and decided to e along later. 雷還有些工作要做完，決定遲點(diǎn)兒再來。9. Shall we take him here?我們帶他去那兒好嗎？A. shall和 will 都用與一般將來時，但shall 只用于第一人稱。e.g. I shall/ will buy a puter this Sunday. 這個禮拜天我將買一臺電腦。B. Shall we/I.?表示向?qū)Ψ秸髑笠庖姡岢鼋ㄗh，意為“好嗎？e.g. Shall we go swimming tomorrow? 我們明天去游泳好嗎？10. Darren was reading a newspaper when Michael came in. 當(dāng)邁克爾進(jìn)來時，達(dá)倫正在看報紙。此句也可以改成：Michael came in when/while Darren was reading a newspaper.while引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句，用于表達(dá)持續(xù)性的動詞或狀態(tài)，不能與表示短暫性動詞連用，但when兩者皆可以。11. Diana and Lily should work out the cost carefully for the holiday. 戴安娜和莉莉?yàn)榧倨趹?yīng)該仔細(xì)計(jì)算費(fèi)用。work out 算出，解決，計(jì)算出，找出的答案；e.g. Can you work out the problem?你能解決這個問題嗎？Section B1. It covers 440000 square meters. 它占地面積為44萬平方米。1cover 動詞，有多層含義：a掩飾，遮蓋；e.g.She covered her face with her hands.她雙手掩面。 b覆蓋；e.g.Snow covered the ground.大雪覆蓋了大地。 c占一片面積；e.g.Our school covers about 1000 square meters.我們學(xué)校占地大約一千平方米。2square meter 平方米；2. Its 880 meters long from north to south and 500 meters wide from east to west.它南北長880米，東西寬500米。1880 meters long 880米長； 類似結(jié)構(gòu)有： 10 meter high/wide/deep 10米高/寬/深；基數(shù)詞+長度單位+long/wide/high/deep 意為：“多少米長/寬/高/深；e.g.The desk is about 1.2 meters long. 這課桌大約有1.2米長。試比擬以下兩句話：The boy is 10 years old. 這個男孩10歲He is a 10-year-old boy.這是個10歲的男孩。2from . to. 從到；3. It can hold one million people. 可以容納100萬人。ahold在此處意為“容納，包含；e.g.The plane holds about 300 passengers.這架飛機(jī)可容納大約300個乘客。bhold還可表示“拿著，抓住，抱??；e.g.She was holding the baby in her arms.她抱著嬰兒。chold 還可意為：“舉行進(jìn)展； e.g.Beijing is holding the 9th International Garden Expo.正在舉行第九屆國際園藝博覽會。4. The square must be quite meaningful to all Chinese people. 這個廣場對于所有的中國人來說一定意義重大。amust在此處表示推測，意為“一定是，準(zhǔn)是，語氣較肯定。e.g.The light is on. She must be at home.燈亮著，她一定在家。bmay表示推測時可能性較小。e.g. It may rain tomorrow.明天可能會下雨。ccan表示推測時，多用于否認(rèn)句或疑問句。e.g.That can't be MaryShe's in hospital.那不可能是瑪麗。她在住院。5. I cant wait to see it. 我迫不與待地想看了。；e.g. He couldn't wait to open the box.他迫不與待地打開盒子。6. How far is it from here to Tiananmen Square? 這里離天安門廣場多遠(yuǎn)？1How far is it from A to B?多遠(yuǎn)？ 提問兩地之間的距離。How long . 也指多遠(yuǎn)？  但是是對時間段或長度的提問。e.g.How long does it take to get to your house? 到你家需要多久？  Twenty minutes.  20分鐘 。How far does is it from your house to our school? 我們學(xué)校離你家有多遠(yuǎn)？Three kilometers.  3公里 。    2 路程表達(dá)有兩種方式：A .用長度單位表達(dá)。e.g.Its 1000 kilometers away from Shanghai. 這兒離由1000千米。B.用時間表達(dá)。e.g.Its about twenty minutes walk from my home to my school.從我家到學(xué)校步行大約需要20分鐘。7. Its about one and a half hours by bike. 騎自行車大約要一個半小時?！皫讉€半表示方法：基數(shù)詞+and+ a half +n.=基數(shù)詞 +n. + and +a half. one and a half hours = one hour and a half 一個半小時；e.g. It took me three and a half hours to finish the housework. = It took me three hours and a half to finish the housework. 我花了三個半小時做完家務(wù)。8. The chairman Mao Memorial Hall lies to the southeast of the Great Hall of the People while it lies to the southwest of the National Museum.毛主席紀(jì)念堂位于人民大會堂東南端，國家博物館西南。1） A. lie在此意思“位于，其動名詞形式為lying，過去式為lay.e.g.Japan lies to the east of China. 日本位于中國東面。B. lie還可以表示“躺，平臥；e.g.There was a child lying on the ground. 地上躺著一個小孩。2表示方位的介詞區(qū)別：A. lie/be to the+方位詞+of. 指“互不接壤且不管轄的兩個地區(qū)；e.g.Japan lies/is to the east of China. 日本位于中國東面。B. lie/be in the+方位詞+of. 指“在某一個圍之的地區(qū)；e.g.China lies/is in the east of Asia.中國位于亞洲東部。C. lie/be on the+方位詞+of. 指“互相接壤但互不管轄的兩個地區(qū)；e.g.North Korea is on the northeast of China.朝鮮在中國的東北面。Section C1. The parking lot was full of tour buses, cars and bicycles, so they had to look for space to park their bicycles. 停車場停滿了旅游巴士、汽車和自行車，所以他們只好去找地方停他們的自行車。1be full of充滿，裝滿，與be filled with 同義。e.g. The classroom is full of students. = The classroom is filled with students. 學(xué)生裝滿了整個教室。2） A. park 作名詞，意為“公園；e.g. There is a park near my home. 我家附近有一個公園。 B. park 作動詞，意為“停放車輛；泊車；e.g. He found a place to park his car. 他找到一個地方停車。3） space 作不可數(shù)名詞，意為“ 空間，太空，空白。room作不可數(shù)名詞時，意為“空間，與space同義。e.g. I have plenty of space to write. = I have plenty of room to write. 我有足夠的空間可以進(jìn)展寫作。There isnt much room/space here. 這里沒有什么空閑的地方了。4） look for 意為“尋找，強(qiáng)調(diào)動作。find 意為“找到強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果。e.g.I looked for my watch here and there, but I couldn't find it. 我到處找我的手表，但是我沒找到。2. Darren and Michael were surprised at Tiananmen Square. 達(dá)倫和邁克爾對天安門廣場感到很驚奇。A. be surprised at. 對感到驚奇；e.g. He is surprised at dragons. 他對龍感到驚奇。B. be surprised to do. 驚奇地做；e.g. She was surprised to find she was lost. 她驚奇地發(fā)現(xiàn)自己迷路了。3. While the crowd was pushing Darren in all directions, someone stepped on his feet.當(dāng)人群從四面八方擠來時，有人踩了達(dá)倫的腳。1push此處為“擠來擠去，推推搡搡之意。e.g. People were pushing to get to the front. 人們推推搡搡，向最前面擠。2） direction名詞，意為“方向，方位，常和in搭配。常用詞組： in all directions 四面八方；3） A. step on sth. 踏，踩某物； step on ones feet踩了某人的腳；e.g. Dont step on the flowers and grass. 不要踐踏花草。B. step可以作名詞，表示“步伐。e.g. He walked with a quick light step. 他邁著輕快的步子走著。 C. step 還可作名詞，意為“臺階。There are 1000 steps in this building. 這棟樓有一千級臺階。4. When Darren finally pushed his way out, he couldnt find his friends.當(dāng)達(dá)倫最終擠出人群的時候，他找不到他的兩個朋友了。 push ones way out擠出去；e.g.WhenI finally pushed my way out, I couldnt find my parents. 當(dāng)我終于從人群中擠出來時，我卻找不到我的父母。5. He was too worried to think about what to do.他太著急了以至于想不出該怎么辦。1too+adj. + to do sth.= not + adj. + enough + to do sth.太以至于不能做某事；e.g. The girl is too young to look after herself.=The girl isnt old enough to look after herself. 這個女孩太小了而照顧不了自己。2區(qū)別：think about, think of, think overA . think about指“考慮，回想，想起；e.g.He is thinking about traveling in the summer holidays. 他正在考慮暑假旅游的事。She was thinking about her childhood days. 她正回想她的童年時期。B. think of指“考慮，計(jì)與，記憶，記起；e.g.You think of everything! 你全都提到了。I can't think of his name at the moment. 我一時想不起他的名字。C. think sth. over指“仔細(xì)想，審慎思考，作進(jìn)一步考慮；e.g.Please think over what I said. 請仔細(xì)考慮我說的話。I want to think it over. 我想仔細(xì)考慮一下這件事。6. His heart was beating fast. 他的心跳得很快。7. He didnt raise his head until someone called his name. 直到有人喊他的名字，他才抬起頭。 notuntil 意為“直到才；until后接表示時間的短語或從句，主句中的謂語動詞必須是非持續(xù)性動詞。當(dāng)until 用于肯定句中時，意為“直到為止，此時主句中的謂語動詞應(yīng)用持續(xù)性動詞。e.g. We didnt leave the park until the rain stopped.我們直到雨停了才離開公園。We waited in the park until the rain stopped.我們在公園一直等到雨停。8. As soon as the three boys saw each other, they all jumped up happily. 三個男孩一見面，就高興得跳了起來。 as soon as.A.意為“一就，引導(dǎo)表示時間的狀語從句。e.g.Please call me as soon as you get there.你一到那兒就給我打。B.意為“盡快。e.g.Ill finish it as soon as possible.我將盡快完成。9. Darren was lost but, at last, Kangkang and Michael found him. 達(dá)倫迷路了，但最終康康和邁克爾找到他。at last 意為“終于，最終，也可用finally或in the end.e.g. At last, I finished all my tasks. 最終我完成了所有的任務(wù)。10. While they were enjoying exploring, the crowd of people became larger and larger. 當(dāng)他們興致勃勃地考察時，人群更加的擁擠了。1） enjoy + doing 喜歡做某事，享受做某事；e.g. I enjoy running in my spare time. 在我閑暇時間，我喜歡跑步。bee larger and larger 變得越來越多，變得越來越大；e.g. The Population of the world bees larger and larger. 世界人口越來越多。11. Id like to tell you about my travel experiences. 我想告訴你關(guān)于我的一些旅行經(jīng)歷。experience n. 有多層含義。 A. 作可數(shù)名詞，意為“一次經(jīng)歷，體驗(yàn)。an exciting/unusual/wonderful experience 一次令人激動的/不尋常的/愉快的經(jīng)歷；e.g.Moving had bee a mon experience for me.搬家對我而言已經(jīng)成了常事。B. 作不可數(shù)名詞，意為“經(jīng)驗(yàn)。e.g. She is a great teacher with over 10 years teaching experience. 她是一個有著十多年教學(xué)經(jīng)驗(yàn)的優(yōu)秀教師。12. Its famous for its beautiful mountains, forests and lakes. 它以美麗的山川、森林和湖泊而知名。be famous for 因而知名；be famous as 作為身份而知名；e.g. Huangbo is famous as an actor. He is famous for his movie Crazy Stone.13. We had a two-day trip and took a lot of photos.我們有兩天的旅程，照了好多照片。a two-day trip意為“ 一次兩天的旅行；中間的two-day為復(fù)合形容詞，后不能加“s。14. They were very cute and we couldnt help watching them.它們太可愛了，我們都忍不住觀看起它們來。cant help doing sth 禁不住/忍不住做某事；e.g.She cant help crying when she hears the news. 當(dāng)聽到這個消息時，她情不自禁地哭了。Section D1. After we checked our bikes and bags, we rode to Tiananmen Square. 檢查了自行車和包后，我們騎車去了天安門廣場。check意為“觀察，調(diào)查，核實(shí)。e.g. Lets check the answers together. 讓我們一起來核對答案。2. While we were having fun exploring, I found that Darren was lost.當(dāng)我們興致勃勃地考察時，我發(fā)現(xiàn)達(dá)倫不見了。have fun exploring 意為“從考察中獲得樂趣。have fun(in) doing sth.從某事中獲得樂趣；e.g. He has fun playing soccer. 他從踢球中獲得樂趣。3. We even asked a policeman for help. 我們甚至還請警察幫助。ask sb. for help 向某人求助；e.g. The old woman asked the police for help. 這位老大娘向警察尋求幫助。二重點(diǎn)詞組。1. be busy doing sth.忙于做某事；2. prepare for為做準(zhǔn)備；3. (be) on vacation度假；4. look forward to + doing sth.期待做某事；5. make a plan to do sth.制訂計(jì)劃做某事；6. receive a postcard 收到一明信片；7. plan a trip 制定一個旅行計(jì)劃；8. e along (with) 跟著來，跟隨；9. work out 算出，解決，計(jì)算出，找出的答案；10. go to the seaside去海邊；11. camp in the forest在森林宿營；12. in the center of.在中心；13. square meter 平方米；14. from . to. 從到；15. in the north of.在北側(cè)；16. can't wait to do sth.迫不與待地做某事；17. by the way順便問一下；18. How far.多遠(yuǎn)？ 提問兩地之間的距離。19. How long . 多遠(yuǎn)？ 對時間段或長度的提問。20. 基數(shù)詞+and+ a half +n.= 基數(shù)詞 +n. + and +a half. 幾個半；21. one and a half hours = one hours and a half 一個半小時；22. in the +方位名詞 + of 某一圍之的地； to the +方位名詞 + of 互不接壤并互不管轄的兩個地； on the +方位名詞 + of 相互接壤但互不管轄的兩個地區(qū)；23. a parking lot一個停車場；24. be full of = be filled with充滿，裝滿；25. look for尋找；26. be surprised at. 對感到驚奇；27. be surprised to do. 驚奇地做；28. in all directions 四面八方； 29. step on sth. 踏，踩某物； step on sb.s feet踩了某人的腳；30. push ones way out 擠出去；31. too + adj. + to do sth. 太以至于不能做某事；32. notuntil 直到才； 33. raise ones head 抬頭；34. as soon as.一就；35. an hours ride騎一個小時車；36. at last = finally = in the end 終于，最終；37. be famous for 因而知名；38. cant help doing sth 禁不住/忍不住做某事；39. have a wonderful vacation 度過了一個愉快的假期；40. have fun (in) doing sth. 從某事中獲得樂趣；41. ask sb. for help 向某人求助；42. Thank goodness.謝天謝地！43. run after追趕； 三重點(diǎn)語法。時間狀語從句1. 在時間狀語從句中，要注意時態(tài)一致。 A. 當(dāng)主句為一般過去時時，從句常用過去的某種時態(tài)。 While I was doing my homework , the telephone rang. B. 當(dāng)主句的時態(tài)為一般將來時，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時。 I will call you as soon as I get to Beijing. 2. 引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句的連詞有：when，while，as，before，after，since，till，until等。1表示同時性，即主從句的謂語動作同時發(fā)生或幾乎同時發(fā)生。其連接詞有：when當(dāng)?shù)臅r候，while當(dāng)?shù)臅r候，as當(dāng)?shù)臅r候，as soon as一就，once一旦就等。e.g. Mary cut her finger when she was making a kite. 瑪麗在做風(fēng)箏時，割傷了手指。 Ill ring you up as soon as I arrive in Beijing. 我一到就給你打。 Once you see her, youll never forget her. 一旦見過她，你就不會忘記她。 Work while you work. Play while you play. 該工作時工作，該玩玩時玩。（2） 表示先后，即主句的謂語動作發(fā)生在從句前或后。主要的連詞有：after在之后，before在之前，when=after在之后等。e.g.After we heard the news, we were all excited.當(dāng)我們聽到這個消息后，我們都很興奮。He had learned English for three years before he went to London.他去倫敦之前已學(xué)了三年英語。（3） 表示持續(xù)性或瞬間性。主要連詞有：since自從，every since自從，until直到才/為止，till直到才/為止等。e.g. Its just a week since we arrived here. 我們到這兒剛一個禮拜。 Ten years has passed since we left our school.我們已經(jīng)畢業(yè)十年了。 Dont get off the bus until it has stopped. 直到車停了才能下車。 He waited for his father till it was twelve oclock. 他等他父親一直到12點(diǎn)。P.S.：A. until 用于肯定句中，表示主句的動作一直持續(xù)到從句動作發(fā)生或狀態(tài)出現(xiàn)時為止。一般意為“直到為止。這種用法中，主句的謂語動詞必須是持續(xù)性動詞非瞬間動詞。如：live，wait，last，love，like，stay，continue等。B. until 用于否認(rèn)句中，表示主句的動作在從句的動作發(fā)生之前尚未發(fā)生，或者說主句的動作在從句的動作發(fā)生之后開始。此句型為not.until.意為“直到才，此時，主句的謂語動詞可以是非持續(xù)性動詞。8 / 8