雅思閱讀題目出題的本質是三種替換：同義詞/詞組替換，句型替換，語法替換，筆者將從這三方面根據學生課堂筆記進行分類整理。以下是劍橋真題中的考點詞,替換詞,一次多義總結：1.rigid/ stiff/ unchanged/ little change 僵硬的，一成不變的2.significant/enormous/dramatic/tremendous/appreciably/remarkable/crucial/ 巨大的,明顯的，程度大的/substantial3.approximately 將近-nearly, almost4.proportion/ percentage 比例5.be involved (in)/ involve in/ involvement n. 涉及，卷入，參與6.given/ considering , in regard to / despite/ although 有鑒于考慮到，盡管6.induce v 引入，引導，引誘/ inductive n 歸納 >< deduce /deductive推斷7.fortune/ destiny/ chances8.deplete 開采完，耗盡/ exhaust exhaust emission (尾氣)排放/ exploit9.complex 錯綜復雜的/ complicated/ sophisticated 老奸巨滑的，復雜的10.capacity能力，容量/ competence （競爭）能力/ ability 能力（籠統的）11.確保，保障：Secure-security/ ensure (insure)/ guarantee 押金12.solely/ merely/ only13.a vast array of 系列/ a great variety of 花樣，品種/ a great rang 系列 of14.pesticide 殺蟲/ suicide 自殺/ homicide/ murder殺人15.believe/ assume (responsibility)/ suppose16.授權，委托：authorize/ commission 傭金/ entitle 頭銜 + ment =right （權利）17.purchase/ buy18. ethnic 種族的/ ethic 倫理，道德的 + s =n 19. modify/ change v shift work 輪班工作n20. insight/knowledge/ learning/ understanding/ knowing21.constrain拘泥，限制/ restrict 限制/ limit22. circumstance 環(huán)境（社會 ）/ surroundings/ environment 環(huán)境（ 環(huán)保 ）背景 background 后臺 / settings后臺，布景/ context 上下文（ 文章中 ）23.notorious 臭名昭著的/ flagrant臭的><fragrant 香的24.移民：immigrant (進來)/ emigrant(出去)/migrant25.興旺，繁榮；prosperous/ thriving/ booming（人口，行業(yè)）/flourishing26.神圣的：divine/ heavenly/ holy/ sacred27.有毒的：poisonous/ toxic ( in-, non- 無毒的)28.致命的：deadly/ fatal/ lethal/ mortal29.類似于：look like/ resemble30. chronic長期的,慢性的 long-term 長期的31.網戀：virtual love/ cyber love32.網友：on-line /net/ cyber friend上網（聊天）chat on line/ go on-line cyber caf/網吧33.evolve-evolution 進化/ revolute-revolution 革命，旋轉/ involve-involution 卷入，涉及34. indicator/ predictor 表示詮釋，預測35.indicate/ demonstrate/ display/exhibit/betray36. therapist /expert/ specialist37. 優(yōu)點，長處，美德：advantage/ merit/ virtue/ length38. commonest/ frequent39. 未開發(fā)的，初級的：rudimentary/ underdeveloped40. 退化：degenerate/ -tion n ->generate 生產，制造/ degrade ->grade 等級/ deteriorate 惡化，每況愈下41. 分類：category-categorize/ class-classify 42. consequence后果->影響/ subsequence緊跟其后/ sequence=order秩序/ frequency頻率43.clash 沖突（民族，種族）/crash 飛機墜毀44. substitution=> substitute sth for sb /replace45.alternative=> 選擇性，代替性，輔助性46.孤立：isolate/ alienate/insulate隔絕， 排外，孤立->be alien to/insulate (-ior) 絕緣，隔熱（體）47缺點，不足之處：defect/ flaw/ failing/ disadvantage /drawback48.創(chuàng)新的，發(fā)明的，新穎的，創(chuàng)新的：inventive (-tion)/ innovative (-tion)/ creative (-tion)/ ingenious (ity)/novel (-ty) =>n/creative/revolutionary 易錯拼寫：environment/ convenient49neutral 中立的，中性的 /negative 否定，消極，陰性的 /positive 肯定，積極，陽性的50ambiguous->ambiguity 模棱兩可的，曖昧的/obscure51.communicate 溝通，傳達，通報52.accommodate 1供.食宿，2=adapt to 適應，調整，3=hold 容納，4使?？?3.commitment 1 to sth 奉獻 2 責任,義務54contribute to 導致 result in /account for (占據)導致54.缺乏的，不足的：inadequate/ insufficient/ deficient/lack (of)/ short (of)55.強調：emphasize/ stress/ highlight/ focus on/ concentrate on英語作文常用諺語、俗語1、A liar is not believed when he speaks the truth. 說謊者即使講真話也沒人相信。 2、A little knowledge is a dangerous thing. 一知半解，自欺欺人。 3、All rivers run into sea. 海納百川。 4、All roads lead to Rome. 條條大路通羅馬。 5、All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. 只會用功不玩耍，聰明孩子也變傻。 6、A bad beginning makes a bad ending. 不善始者不善終。 7、Actions speak louder than words. 事實勝于雄辯。 8、A faithful friend is hard to find. 知音難覓。 9、A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患難見真情。 10、A friend is easier lost than found. 得朋友難，失朋友易。 11、A good beginning is half done. 良好的開端是成功的一半。 12、A good beginning makes a good ending. 善始者善終。 13、A good book is a good friend. 好書如摯友。 14、A good medicine tastes bitter. 良藥苦口。 15、A mothers love never changes. 母愛永恒。 16、An apple a day keeps the doctor away. 一天一蘋果，不用請醫(yī)生。 17、A single flower does not make a spring. 一花獨放不是春，百花齊放春滿園。 18、A years plan starts with spring. 一年之計在于春。 19、A young idler, an old beggar. 少壯不努力，老大徒傷悲。 20、Better late than never. 不怕慢，單怕站。 21、By reading we enrich the mind.讀書使人充實，22、Care and diligence bring luck. 謹慎和勤奮才能抓住機遇。 23、Confidence in yourself is the first step on the road to success. 自信是走向成功的第一步。 24、Custom is a second nature. 習慣是后天養(yǎng)成的。 25、Custom makes all things easy. 有個好習慣，事事皆不難。 26、Doing is better than saying. 與其掛在嘴上，不如落實在行動上。 27、Do nothing by halves. 凡事不可半途而廢。 28、Dont put off till tomorrow what should be done today. 今日事，今日畢。 29、Dont trouble trouble until trouble troubles you. 不要自找麻煩。 30、Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise. 早睡早起身體好。 31、Easier said than done. 說得容易，做得難。32、Easy come, easy go. 來也匆匆，去也匆匆。 33、Eat to live, but not live to eat. 人吃飯是為了活著，但活著不是為了吃飯。 34、Every man has his faults. 金無足赤，人無完人。 35、Every man is the architect of his own fortune. 自己的命運自己掌握。 36、Every minute counts. 分秒必爭。37、Each coin has two sides. 38、Fact speak louder than words. 事實勝于雄辯。 39、Failure is the mother of success. 失敗是成功之母。 40、God helps those who help themselves. 自助者天助。41、Health is better than wealth. 健康勝過財富。 42、Honesty is the best policy. 做人誠信為本。 43、Hope for the best, but prepare for the worst. 抱最好的愿望，做最壞的打算。 44、It is never too old to learn. 活到老，學到老。 45、Knowledge is power. 知識就是力量46、Like mother, like daughter. 有其母必有其女。 47、No pain， no gain.（不勞無獲。）48、You never know till you have tried. 不嘗試，不知曉。49、An idle youth, a needy age.少壯不努力，老大徒傷悲。50、Diligence is the mother of success.勤奮是成功之母。51、Early to bed, early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise. 早睡早起，使人健康、富裕和聰穎。52、Experience is the best teacher.經驗是最好的教師。53、Nothing in the world is difficult if you set your mind to it. 世上無難事，只怕有心人。54、Where theres a will, theres a way. 有志者事竟成。55、Practice makes perfect （熟能生巧。）56、Pride goes before a fall（驕傲必敗。）Superstar and IIts common that many students are crazy about those singers and actors. However, liyundi, a pianist, is the superstar in my heart. He is a man of few words and he even looks like the greatest pianistChopin. When listening to his music , I can get rid of everything noisy around. Whats more, I can feel his strong love for music. Rome wasnt built in one day. He achieved the great success through huge effort. I can learn from him that we should never give up to realize our dreams.Superstar and IHer name first appeared as a joke then like a wonder. She is Susan Boyle, the superstar in my heart. Although shes not beautiful, her voice and spirit moved all the audience, including me. The song I dreamed a dream that she sang touched everyones heart who had a dream and wanted to realize it. She taught me how to go on my dreams as well as never to give up. She is like a sunshine that gives me hope. Where there is a will, there is a way.2010年河北省初中畢業(yè)生升學文化課考試英 語 試 卷本試卷分卷和卷兩部分。卷為選擇題，卷為非選擇題。本試卷共120分，考試時間120分鐘。卷I（選擇題，共85分）注意事項：1答卷前，考生務必將自己的姓名、準考證號、科目填涂在答題卡上?？荚嚱Y束，監(jiān)考人員將試卷和答題卡一并收回。2每小題選出答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對應題目的答案標號涂黑。答在試卷上無效。3聽力部分共包括兩小節(jié)：第一節(jié)在卷，第二節(jié)在卷。完成第一節(jié)后，請根據錄音指令，在卷完成第二節(jié)。聽力部分（第一節(jié)）. 聽句子，選出句子中所包含的信息。（共5小題，每小題1分，計5分）1. A. iceB. riceC. voice2. A. E2CR3FB. B2CR7FC. B2OR6F3. A. talking on the phoneB. waiting for a phoneC. shouting at the phone4. A. Jim is younger. B. Tony is younger. C. They are the same age. 5. A. Laugh is good medicine. B. Always take cheap medicine.C. Medicine can make you laugh. 聽句子，選出該句的最佳答語。（共5小題，每小題1分，計5分）6. A. You are so kind.B. Thanks, you too!C. That would be fine.7. A. I play the piano.B. I go to work.C. Im a policeman. 8. A. Twenty-eight yuan.B. Three hundred miles.C. Two and a half years.9. A. Yes, please.B. Sorry, I cant.C. Never mind.10. A. But it is not true.B. I dont believe in God.C. Wow, its already 12 oclock! . 聽對話和問題，選擇正確的選項。（共5小題，每小題1分，計5分）11. A. A cookbook.B. A storybook.C. A picture book.12. A. She is angry. B. She is not hungry.C. She has a stomachache.13. A. On Monday.B. On Wednesday.C. On Thursday.14. AB C15. AB C. 聽語段、對話和問題，選擇正確答案。（共10小題，每小題1分，計10分）16. What happened to the 4-year-old girl yesterday?A. She was brought home.B. She lost her way.C. She met her parents.17. Who looked after her in the next village?A. A nice mother.B. Her parents.C. A gentleman.ggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg18. What do families often do on Fathers Day evening?A. Give cards to fathers.B. Call or visit fathers.C. Go out for dinner.19. When did the special day start? A. In June, 1910.B. In June, 1901.C. In July, 1910.ggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg20. When do they choose team members?A. At the end of each term.B. At the beginning of each term.C. After the final term examination.21. What students can be team members? A. Those who are tall and strong.B. Those who want to play against others.C. Those who are good at sports and lessons.ggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg22. Where were they yesterday evening?A. At home.B. At the cinema.C. At a restaurant.23. Who will drive this time?A. The man.B. The woman.C. The waiter.24. What time will they leave?A. At 7:30.B. At 7:20.C. At 7:00. 25. Why does the woman ask the man to hold on?A. Because she will go and meet him.B. Because she wants to ask him to pay.C. Because she wants to tell him she will pay.筆試部分. 單項選擇（共20小題，每小題1分，計20分）選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。26. Cindy is _ amazing singer. She has lots of fans.A. aB. anC. theD.不填27. Sally is very happy. There is a big smile _ her face.A. onB. toC. inD. at28. I dont think looking after children is just _ work.A. womanB. womansC. womenD. womens29. The Internet is very useful for us. We can _ find information.A. easy B. easily C. hard D. hardly30. Jenny, put on your coat _ you will catch a cold.A. but B. and C. or D. so31. Do we have to finish our homework this afternoon?Yes, you _.A. must B. can C. may D. need32. Emma, can you introduce _ to Alice? I want to meet her.A. him B. his C. me D. my33. Id like you _ for a picnic with us.A. go B. to goC. goingD. went34. Sometimes walking is even _ than driving during the busy traffic time.A. fast B. faster C. slow D. slower35. Mike _ his computer and checked his e-mail.A. turned onB. turned offC. turned upD. turned down36. Everyone _ I come from Sichuan. Actually, I come from Shandong.A. find B. thinkC. finds D. thinks37. Hong Kong _ to be a good place for eating today.A. knows B. knewC. is knownD. was known38. This term _ over. The summer vacation is coming in two weeks.A. is B. was C. has beenD. will be 39. I _ a mistake. Please dont be angry with me. A. make B. made C. will makeD. had made40. She is new here, so we know _ about her.A. nothing B. somethingC. anything D. everything41. My brother left school in 2005, and since then he _ in Beijing.A. livesB. livedC. will liveD. has lived42. Peter likes reading a newspaper _ he is having breakfast.A. untilB. while C. becauseD. though43. There are lots of things _ I need to prepare before the trip.A. who B. that C. whomD. whose44. I _ my clothes, and the phone rang.A. washB. washedC. am washingD. was washing45. Your T-shirt is so cool. Could you tell me _?A. where you buy it B. where do you buy it C. where you bought it D. where did you buy it. 完形填空（共10小題，每小題1分，計10分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后從各小題所給的四個選項中選出最佳選項。Homesick is a compound (復合的) word made up of HOME and SICK. You know what each 46 means on its own, of course. But do you know the meaning 47 they are used together? The definition (定義) of homesick is SICK FOR HOME. It means you miss your home.Now think for a minute 48 SEASICK. If you change the word HOME in the definition to the word SEA, would the definition 49 SEASICK? Does seasick mean SICK FOR SEA? It means something quite 50 . Seasick means SICK BY THE MOVEMENT ON THE SEA. When you are 51 , the only place you want to be is at home. When you are seasick, 52 you want to be is at sea.Have you ever 53 a person being heartsick? Heartsick doesnt mean that something is wrong with a persons heart. People are heartsick when they are 54 deep inside as if (好像) their hearts are broken.And we also have other compound words, such as handshake and 55 . Perhaps you may write definitions for them. It must be helpful to know something like this in your English study. 46. A. wordB. phraseC. sentenceD. passage47. A. howB. whyC. whenD. where48. A. forB. fromC. aboutD. like 49. A. getB. fitC. readD. have50. A. rightB. wrongC. sameD. different51. A. homesickB. heartsickC. seasickD. carsick52. A. the first place B. the last place C. the only placeD. the safe place53. A. thought overB. thought outC. heard fromD. heard of54. A. hurtB. hitC. lovedD. moved55. A. hobbyB. heightC. heavenD. handbag . 閱讀理解（共15小題，每小題2分，計30分）閱讀A、B、C三篇材料，然后從各小題所給的四個選項中選出最佳選項。AMore and more people like bicycling and it is no surprise. It is fun, healthy and good for the environment. Maybe thats why there are 1.4 billion bicycles and only 400 million cars on roads worldwide today. Bikes can take you almost anywhere, and there is no oil cost!Get on a bicycle and ride around your neighbourhood. You may discover something new all around you. Stopping and getting off a bike is easier than stopping and getting out of your car. You can bike to work and benefit (受益) from the enjoyable exercise without polluting the environment. You dont even have to ride all the way.Folding (折疊) bikes work well for people who ride the train. Just fold the bike and take it with you. You can do the same on an airplane. A folding bike can be packed in a suitcase. You can also take a common bike with you when you fly. But be sure to look for information by getting on airline websites. Not all airlines are bicycle-friendly to travellers. Health Benefits of Bicycling:l It helps to prevent heart diseases.l Bicycling helps to control your weight.A 15-minute bike ride to and from work three times a week burns off five kilos of fat in a year.l Bicycling can improve your mood (心情). Exercise like bicycling has been shown to make people feel better, more relaxed and self-confident. l Bicycling is healthier than driving.56. From the passage, we know that bicycling is becoming very _.A. surprising B. exciting C. expensive D. popular57. When you are riding your bicycle around your neighbourhood, you may _.A. pollute the environment aroundB. find something you didnt notice C. go everywhere and use a little oil D. get off your bike and begin to work 58. If you travel with a folding bike, you can fold it and _.A. get out of the car B. take it onto a trainC. put it in your purse D. go on airline websites59. One of the benefits from bicycling is that _.A. you can fold the bicycle B. you will be friendly to others C. you will be more relaxed D. you may get fatter and fatter 60. Which is TRUE according to the passage?A. Bicycling is enjoyable exercise for people. B. Driving cars is healthier than riding bikes.C. Riding a bike pollutes your neighbourhood.D. Common bikes are welcomed by all airlines.BJack is a clerk of a bookstore. Here is the note from his boss, Ben. Jack has to decide what books to order according to the following note and the descriptions of the books. Hi Jack,You must hand in the order list of books to me by the first working day of every month. The rules for choosing books are:For textbooks: August is coming. We must choose all textbooks, without thinking of other rules.For books which are not textbooks: If more than five copies of books were sold last month, we choose them. But if there are five copies or more in stock (現貨), we do not make an order. If the wholesale (批發(fā)) prices of the books are higher than $75, we do not choose them. And we do not order anything whose retail (零售) price is higher than $100.BenThe descriptions of the booksTitle: Homeland EnglishPublisher (出版社): Homeland LtdWholesale price: $110Retail price: $140Textbook: Yes Copies sold last month: 3Copies in stock: 2Title: How to Become SuccessfulPublisher: Founders Company LtdWholesale price: $25Retail price: $40Textbook: No Copies sold last month: 2Copies in stock: 1Title: Biology at a GlancePublisher: New Times Publishing LtdWholesale price: $70Retail price: $95Textbook: NoCopies sold last month: 18Copies in stock: 3Title: Good Health in 20 DaysPublisher: Oscar World LtdWholesale price: $50Retail price: $66Textbook: NoCopies sold last month: 10Copies in stock: 2061. Jack must hand in the order list to his boss by _.A. the first day of last AugustB. the last working day of this month C. the last day of next August D. the first working day of each month62. If Jack wants to buy the books about success, he should order them from _.A. Homeland Ltd B. Founders Company LtdC. Oscar World Ltd D. New Times Publishing Ltd 63. The wholesale price of the book _ is over $100.A. Homeland English B. Good Health in 20 DaysC. Biology at a Glance D. How to Become Successful64. The number of the books sold best last month is _.A. 3 B. 10 C. 18 D. 2065. Jack cant buy Good Health in 20 Days because _.A. it is not a school textbookB. its wholesale price is too highC. the copies in stock are more than 5 D. the copies sold last month are over 5CLike many people, I have no clear idea about heroes. At some point, we all wonder if we need a hero and what a hero really is.Although there are a lot of differences in cultures, heroes around the world generally share a number of characteristics (特點) which give us courage and make us want to learn from them. A hero does something worth talking about. A hero has a special story to tell and people think highly of it. But a hero is not just the person with great fame (聲譽) .A hero has powers (力量) larger than himself. Some people want to live like a hero, and they have to experience life with new and further meaning. A sure test for would-be heroes is what or whom they serve. What do they want to live and die for? If the answer suggests they serve only their own fame, they may be famous persons but not heroes.A hero has a vision from the mountaintop. He has the power to move people. He creates new possibilities. Without Gandhi, India might still be part of Britain. Without Martin Luther King, Jr., Americans might take different buses, eat in different restaurants, go for walks in different parks, and shop in different stores because of the different colours of their skin. There might be changes in society without a hero, but the speed of change would be rather slow. Thanks to heroes in history, they make the society develop so rapidly. 66. According to this passage, a hero is a person who always _.A. gives us courage B. thinks highly of others C. shares great fame D. stands on the mountaintop67. If you want to live like a hero, you should _.A. experience a new and meaningful life B. listen to something worth talking ab