閱讀理解突破(二)事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題1事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題的設(shè)問方式(1)Which of the following is true/false/mentioned?(2)What does the writer pay least attention to?(3)Choose the right order of the events given in the passage.(4)All of the following statements may be true/false except_.(5)Which of the following is not the result of.?(6)Which of the following best characterizes the main feature of.?(7)Which of the following maps/diagrams gives the right position of./relationship of.?(8)Which of the following maps shows the right way to get to.?(9)Which of the drawings below gives an idea of what.is like?2解題技巧細(xì)節(jié)題要用定位法,根據(jù)題干的問題,定位于有關(guān)句子、段落,排除錯誤項。主要有：(1)是非判斷題本類題型通常用原文定位,把選項內(nèi)容與原文內(nèi)容進(jìn)行分析對比,然后判斷,作出解答。(2)年代、數(shù)字題對前者,根據(jù)文中信息能很容易地確定答案；對后者,首先要弄清題干問的是什么,然后找到與它相關(guān)的年代和數(shù)字,對它們進(jìn)一步分析、整合,最后,結(jié)合題干計算出正確答案。(3)排序題排序題的考查形式是在選項中列出一些具體的事實(shí),然后要求考生對所列舉的事實(shí)進(jìn)行排序。此類試題要求考生根據(jù)動作或事件發(fā)生的時間順序以及句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系,排出事件發(fā)生、發(fā)展的正確順序。對此,考生可以采用“首尾定位法”,先找出最早的和最后的一個時間、事件或動作,把它們作為事件發(fā)生的參照點(diǎn),然后使用排除法將范圍一一縮小,從而快速地選出正確答案。(4)快速尋找信息題快速尋找信息題一般為功能閱讀題,閱讀材料一般為廣告、公告、演出信息、航班時間表等。做這種題時沒有必要閱讀全文,比較適宜采用“題干定位法”,即：先閱讀題干,然后根據(jù)問題要求,有針對性地閱讀相關(guān)部分。(5)圖形題在有圖形的試題的閱讀理解中,有的圖形出現(xiàn)在閱讀理解文章中,有的出現(xiàn)在選項中。這些圖形不僅增加了試題的直觀性,而且也常常暗含著與文章內(nèi)容相關(guān)的信息?？忌诮獯鸫祟愒囶}的時候,一定要把握住圖形中所暗含的信息。1A Northern Ireland team is leading a research for a thinking computer which can sense the users mood.Researchers at Queens University in Belfast hope to complete the 10­million­Euro project on an emotion­sensitive computer within four years.The aim is to enable computers to think and behave more like humans.The European­wide project is being coordinated by the universitys School of Psychology and involves 160 researchers from 27 institutions.The universitys researchers developed the proposal and negotiated the contract with the European Commission.The academics said the work would build up on attempts to create “multi­modal interfaces” which allow machines to sense and respond to the moods of the user.Programme coordinator Professor Roddy Cowie said while it sounded like science fiction,computers which responded to human emotion would emerge.“At the moment,our use of computers is limited by the fact that we need a keyboard and a screen to access them,” he said.“It would make an enormous difference if we could interact with them by speaking normallyperhaps through a microphone and a transmitter in a Star Trek badge.” Emotion is part of normal speech,and experience has shown that most users are so deeply uncomfortable with the interfaces used nowadays that ignore ittoo uncomfortable to use them very much.“If we can make computers more intuitive (直覺的) and expressive,and also less challenging to use,there is enormous potential to let people make fuller use of information technology.”The emotion­sensitive computer would have its own “personality” and establish a social relationship with the user.“Its a fair bet that in 30 years,emotion­sensitive interfaces will be as much part of life as windows and mouse interfaces are now,” said Professor Cowie.The project team believes such computers would play a major role in teaching and learning.1According to the first paragraph,which of the following is NOT true?AThe project aims to create an emotion­sensitive computer.BThe project can create 10 million Euro profits.CThe project is led by a Northern Ireland team.DThe project is expected to be completed within four years.答案B解析此題屬于快速尋找信息題。第一段第一句話所表達(dá)的意思和C項相同,只不過文中用了主動形式,而選項用了被動形式。學(xué)生誤選應(yīng)主要是由粗心大意造成的,即把要求理解成“哪一個是對的”；由第一段第二句話“希望在四年內(nèi)花費(fèi)一千萬歐元研制出”可知,而不是創(chuàng)造一千萬歐元的利潤,故B項為正確答案。2The researchers of the European­wide project are from_.A27 institutionsBthe universitys School of PsychologyCthe European CommissionD160 universities答案A解析此題與上題性質(zhì)相同。文中第二段第二句話說該工程是由女王大學(xué)心理學(xué)院協(xié)調(diào)安排,來自27個研究機(jī)構(gòu)的160位研究人員參與了這項工作,所以選A；選B 是由于只注意到了這句話的前半部分,而沒有正確理解整句話的意思；選C 是因為沒有正確理解第二段第三句話。3The best title of this passage is_.AComputers VS Human EmotionBSearch for “Human Computer”CMicrophone & TransmitterDComputers Will Be More Important答案B解析主旨大意題。文章主要寫了北愛爾蘭的一個研究小組正在花巨資研究一種會思考的電腦,其中研究人員提出了這種電腦成為現(xiàn)實(shí)的可能性,以及對工程成功后的展望。所以選項B(尋找人性化電腦)符合原文的意思。2(2009·全國,B)Computer programmer David Jones earns 35,000 a year designing new computer games,yet he cannot find a bank ready to let him have a credit card(信用卡)Instead,he has been told to wait another two years,until he is 18.The 16­year­old works for a small firm in Liverpool,where the problem of most young people of his age is finding a job.Davids firm releases(推出) two new games for the fast growing computer market each month.But Davids biggest headache is what to do with his money.Even though he earns a lot,he cannot drive a car,take out a mortgage(抵押貸款),or get credit cards.David got his job with the Liverpool­based company four months ago,a year after leaving school with six O­levels and working for a time in a computer shop.“I got the job because the people who run the firm knew I had already written some programs,”he said.David spends some of his money on records and clothes,and gives his mother 50 pounds a week.But most of his spare time is spent working.“Unfortunately,computing was not part of our studies at school,”he said.“But I had been studying it in books and magazines for four years in my spare time.I knew what I wanted to do and never considered staying on at school.Most people in this business are fairly young,anyway.”David added：“I would like to earn a million and I suppose early retirement(退休) is a possibility.You never know when the market might disappear.”1In what way is David different from people of his age?AHe often goes out with friends.BHe lives with his mother.CHe has a handsome income.DHe graduated with six O­levels.答案C解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段可知,他這個年齡的孩子連找工作都很困難而他卻是為沒法處理這些錢而發(fā)愁,可知他的收入很豐厚。2What is one of the problems that David is facing now?AHe is too young to get a credit card.BHe has no time to learn driving.CHe has very little spare time.DHe will soon lose his job.答案A解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段第二句可知。3Why was David able to get the job in the company?AHe had done well in all his exams.BHe had written some computer programs.CHe was good at playing computer games.DHe had learnt to use computers at school.答案B解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由最后一段第一句可知D項錯誤。A項和C項文中沒提及。4Why did David decide to leave school and start working?AHe received lots of job offers.BHe was eager to help his mother.CHe lost interest in school studies.DHe wanted to earn his own living.答案C解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由最后一段可知,他不想再待在學(xué)校里,他知道應(yīng)該做什么。3Because of the financial crisis in the US and UK,college students are beginning to struggle to find ways to pay their tuition fees and accommodations.Recently,two major US student loan lendersCitibank and JPMorgan Chaseannounced they were leaving the student loan industry altogether.Because banks currently have a lack of credit(存款額),they are reluctant to offer students low­interest loans(貸款) that need a several­year wait for any return of interest.In the US,many undergraduates top up their financial needs with a private loan,although the majority can get government­funded loans.In the 2005­2006 academic year,$17 billion in private student loans was used to finance higher education.The shortfall in private funding has yet to be covered and will hit many US students hard.Across the Atlantic,UK students have been less troubled by the crisis.Most undergraduates in the UK cover their university expenses with government­funded loans and grants(助學(xué)金)Their biggest concern is a sudden steep increase in student rent.Most young professionals now rent houses,since 80 percent of UK mortgage schemes(住房抵押貸款計劃) have disappeareda direct result of the credit crisis.This has boosted the house rent market.In large cities,UK students are paying almost 6.5 percent more in rent than the previous year.Figures from the UK organization Accommodation for Student show students in big cities such as London paying an average weekly rent of $103.Yet,despite students suffering,the number of this years university applications is expected to grow.During economic slumps,people regard further education as a way to survive tough job markets.1According to the passage,banks are unwilling to offer students loans because _.Athe students are poor and sometimes they cant pay off the debtBbanks prefer lending the money to the young professionalsCbanks dont have enough money left at the present timeDthey think college students are not studying hard答案C解析事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。文中第二段提到“banks currently have a lack of credit”說明銀行的存款額不足,故C項正確。2The underlined phrase “top up” in Paragraph 3 probably means _.Aput up Bmake upCfill up Dpick up答案C解析詞義推測題。文中第三段提到學(xué)生們除了得到國家的助學(xué)貸款外,也可以通過私人貸款來滿足經(jīng)濟(jì)需求,可猜測top up的意思為“給添滿,盛滿”,故fill up正確。3Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?AUK college students have to pay more if they want to rent houses.BMore UK students want to further their study in college.CIt is not so easy for US students to loan money now.DCollege students tuition fees have risen greatly.答案D解析事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。結(jié)合文章內(nèi)容可知A、B、C三項都是正確的,D項的內(nèi)容文章中沒有提及,故選D項。4It can be inferred that _.Athere are no private student loan lenders in the UKBloans for US college students will be increased next yearCprivate funding falls a little because of higher­interest loans in the USDprivate loans play a very important role in financing US students education答案D解析推理判斷題。文中第三段提到很多學(xué)生通過私人貸款來滿足自己的經(jīng)濟(jì)需求,并且在2005年到2006年間有170億美元用于學(xué)生的私人貸款,說明D項是正確的。5The passage mainly tells us _.Acollege students in the US and UK are faced with their financial crisisBit is the duty of the governments to solve college students financial crisisCprivate student loan is a good way for college students to overcome the difficultiesDfurther education is a good way for college students to survive tough job markets答案A解析主旨大意題。通讀全文可知文章主要講述了英美的大學(xué)生面臨的經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)。