Module 4 Music Born in America,基礎(chǔ)自主回顧,.課標(biāo)單詞 1_(n.)方法；步驟 2_(n.)衰退；下降；減少 3_(v.)觸動(dòng)；感動(dòng)；使動(dòng)心 4_(v.)(由)引起(產(chǎn)生) 5_(v.)繁榮；興起；迅速發(fā)展 6_(n.)融洽；一致,approach,decline,touch,arise,boom,harmony,7_(v.)制定預(yù)算，按預(yù)算來安排開支 8_(n.)計(jì)劃表，進(jìn)度表，日程表 9_(v.)離開，辭去 10_(n.)抗議 11_(n.)技巧；手法_(adj.)技術(shù)的,budget,schedule,quit,protest,technique,technical,12_(v.)出現(xiàn)_(n.)出現(xiàn)；顯現(xiàn)_(n.)緊急情況；危急形勢(shì) 13_(v.)為付出時(shí)間/努力/金錢等_(n.)獻(xiàn)身；摯愛_(adj.)忠實(shí)的；摯愛的 14_(n.)移民_(v.)遷移；遷徙_(n.)移居；遷移；遷徙 15_(adj.)幽默的_(n.)幽默,emerge,emergence,emergency,devote,devotion,devoted,migrant,migrate,migration,humorous,humor,.常用短語 1_厭煩 2_由組成 3_利用 4_出版 5_對(duì)專一，專注 6_有幸,be bored with,consist of,take advantage of,come out,be devoted to,be blessed with,7_乞求，請(qǐng)求 8_并排；并肩 9_而不是 10_嘗試 11_遠(yuǎn)非；完全不 12_有序地 13_給某人留下印象,beg for,side by side,rather than,try out,far from,in order,make an impression on sb.,.重點(diǎn)句型 1“_I heard it，”he said，“I knew it was a completely new kind of music.” “我一聽，”他說，“就知道這是一種全新的音樂?！?答案：The moment 2Songs that are spoken _ sung are called rap. 采用近乎念白方式而不是唱的歌曲被叫做繞舌歌。 答案：rather than,3_attracting huge audiences in its Hong Kong home, Cantopop has spread offshore, and its stars are known in Beijing, London and New York. 粵語流行音樂不僅僅吸引了香港本地的大量聽眾，而且傳到海外的其他國家，香港的歌星在北京、倫敦和紐約都很有名。 答案：As well as,4“My message is that _ if you're black, white, fat, thin, old and youngwe're all the same, it's a great world and you can do something with your life.” “我想告訴大家的是不管你是黑人還是白人，肥胖還是瘦小，年長還是年幼，這些都不重要我們都是一樣的，這是一個(gè)美妙的世界，你可以在有生之年做些事情?！?答案：it doesn't matter,1. Don't be afraid of asking for help _ it is needed. A. unless B. since C. although D. when 答案：D,2. _ the day went on, the weather got worse. A. With B. Since C. While D. As 答案：D 3. She hurriedly left the room as if _. A. she angry B. was angry C. it was angry D. angry 答案：D,4. _，I will help you with your work. A. If I am possible B. If it possible C. If possible D. Possible 答案：C 5. Who can you turn to in time of danger, if not _？ A. ourselves B. ours C. we D. us 答案：D,考點(diǎn)探究解密 考 點(diǎn) 解 讀,1decline v&.n.衰退，下降，減少；謝絕，拒絕 精講拓展： fall into (a) decline開始衰退 be in decline處于下降，衰退中 on the decline在衰退(減少) decline by下降了 decline to do sth.拒絕干某事,誤區(qū)警示：(1)表示“增加”的動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語常見的有：rise，increase，go up 表示“減少”的動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語常見的有：fall，drop，decrease，go down，decline (2)表示“增加”或“減少”的幅度常用介詞by；表示“增加到”或“減少到”常用介詞to。,朗文在線： The activities of Welsh mines went into decline after about 1880. 約從1880年后，威爾士煤礦的開采活動(dòng)開始減少。 In regions such as New England textile industries had declined and unemployment was high. 新英格蘭等地區(qū)的紡織工業(yè)已經(jīng)衰退，失業(yè)率很高。,詞語辨析：decline，refuse和reject decline作“拒絕”之意時(shí)，常指有禮貌地回絕，婉言謝絕，其主語只能是人。 refuse語氣比decline重，主語可以是人也可以是物。 reject語氣比refuse更重，意為“拋棄，拒收，不采納”。 命題方向：decline一詞有可能以詞語辨析的形式出現(xiàn)在高考單項(xiàng)填空或完形填空中。另外該詞與介詞in，into，on等的搭配也應(yīng)引起重視。,活學(xué)巧練：完成句子 (1)The city _ _ _ _ after the mine closed. 這個(gè)城市在礦井關(guān)閉后開始衰退。 答案：(1)fell into a decline,(2)The number of tourists to the island _ _ 10% last year. 去年到這個(gè)海島旅游的人數(shù)減少了10%。 答案：declined by (3)I offered to give them a lift，but they _. 我主動(dòng)邀請(qǐng)他們搭車，但他們婉言謝絕了。 答案：declined,(4)(2009·黑龍江哈師大附中模擬)She _ to have lunch with her friend, saying that she wasn't feeling well. A. declined B. resigned C. tended D. approved 答案與解析：A 考查動(dòng)詞辨析。句意：她以感覺不舒服為借口謝絕和朋友共進(jìn)午餐。decline謝絕，拒絕；resign辭職；tend易于，往往會(huì)；approve贊成，同意。,2devote v為付出時(shí)間/努力/金錢等 精講拓展： devote one's life/time/energy/oneself to.把生命/時(shí)間/精力/一生獻(xiàn)給 devoted adj.熱愛的；忠誠的 be devoted to對(duì)專一，專注于 devotion n熱愛，專心,誤區(qū)警示：devote.to.和be devoted to.句型中，to是介詞，后面須接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞，不能接動(dòng)詞原形。 Marx devoted all his life to his revolutionary cause. 馬克思一生致力于革命事業(yè)。 She has devoted herself to helping the poor. 她把自己的全部身心都傾注在幫助窮人上。,朗文在線： He has devoted his life to helping blind people. 他為幫助盲人而獻(xiàn)出一生。 He devoted his life to promoting world peace. 他一生致力于促進(jìn)世界和平。 He was at one time so devoted to playing the piano. 他曾經(jīng)那么沉迷于彈鋼琴。,Most of our meetings were devoted to discussing the housing problem. 我們的大部分會(huì)議都用來討論住房問題。 命題方向：devote構(gòu)成的句型devote oneself/one's life/one' time/one's energy to sth./doing sth.的用法，與介詞to的搭配，特別是to后必須接代詞、名詞或動(dòng)名詞而不接動(dòng)詞原形的用法，是高考命題的重點(diǎn)。,活學(xué)巧練：介/副詞填空 (1)He devoted all his time _ being a teacher. (2)We were deeply impressed by his devotion _ his career.,to,to,(3)Her son, to whom she was so _，went abroad ten years ago. A. loved B. cared C. devoted D. affected 答案與解析：C be devoted to sb.love sb.，devoted可用作表語和定語，表示“疼愛的，忠實(shí)的，喜歡的”，又如a devoted friend忠實(shí)的朋友，本句中介詞to已移至引導(dǎo)詞whom前。,3arise vi. (1)出現(xiàn)，發(fā)生，產(chǎn)生；(2)(由)引起，(因)產(chǎn)生；(3)起床，起立，起身；(4)群起反對(duì)，奮起斗爭 詞語辨析：arise，rise與raise arise多用于抽象意思，因而其主語多為抽象名詞，(problem，difficulty，loss等)或無形物(smoke，wind，mist)等。短語arise out of/from因某事物產(chǎn)生，造成，引起。,rise vi.主要意思為：上升，起立；起床，升起；起義等，多用于具體意思，后不能跟賓語，也無被動(dòng)語態(tài)。 raise vt.主要意思為：提升，提高；舉起；增加；提出；養(yǎng)育，飼養(yǎng)等。 特別提示： arise的過去式，過去分詞分別為arose，arisen。,We keep them informed of any changes as they arise. 如有任何變化，我們隨時(shí)通知他們。 injuries arising out of a road accident 道路交通事故造成的傷害 He arose at dawn. 他黎明就起床了。 The peasants arose against their masters. 農(nóng)民奮起反對(duì)奴役他們的人。,活學(xué)巧練： A completely new station will _ when the examination system comes into existence. A. arise B. rise C. raise D. arouse 答案與解析：A 由句意知“一個(gè)新的火車站會(huì)出現(xiàn)”，因此選A項(xiàng)。arise“出現(xiàn)”；而B“上升，升起”；raise為及物動(dòng)詞后要加賓語；arouse vt.“喚醒，喚起”，意思不對(duì)。,4fancy n想象力，幻想；愛好 vt.想象，幻想；想要，喜歡 adj.奇特的，異樣的 精講拓展： Children usually have a lively fancy. fancy sth.渴望或希望得到某物 fancy that想，以為，想象 have a fancy for愛好，迷戀 catch/take sb.'s fancy合某人的心意，吸引某人,take a fancy to sb./sth.喜歡上，愛上某人/某物 fancy oneself(as sth.)自命不凡，自負(fù) 注意：fancy用作動(dòng)詞，有時(shí)用于祈使句，表示驚奇、不相信、震驚等，后接名詞、動(dòng)名詞作賓語。,活學(xué)巧練： (1)My grandfather has a _(愛好)for chess. (2)I've suddenly _(喜歡上)detective stories. (3)I used to _(想象)what I would look like wearing a long snowwhite dress and highheeled shoes. (4)_(想不到)meeting you here!,fancy,taken a fancy to,fancy,Fancy,5protest n&v.聲明，抗議，反對(duì) Loud protests were heard when the decision was announced. 精講拓展： protestant n新教徒 protester n抗議者，反對(duì)者 protest about/against/at sth.抗議，反對(duì)(某事物) enter/make a protest about/against sth.對(duì)某事物提出抗議,under protest(經(jīng)抗議后)心有不甘地 protest too much過猶不及,活學(xué)巧練： (1)The minister resigned in_protest_against the decision.(替換)_ (2)They are holding a rally to _抗議)the government's defence policy.,to protest against,protest against,(3)There was a large crowd in the square，_ against the war. Aprotecting Bprotesting Cpreventing Ddefending 答案：B,6far from遠(yuǎn)非，一點(diǎn)也不；不但不(反而) 精講拓展： by far的多(修飾比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)) as/so far as一直到(程度) so far迄今為止，到目前為止 far frombeing doing sth.,朗文在線： I'm far from pleased with your behaviour. 我對(duì)你的表現(xiàn)很不滿意。 (So)far from taking my advice，he went and did just what I had warned him against. 他不但沒聽從我的勸告，反而干了我警告他不要干的事。,詞語辨析：far away from，faraway與far from far away from只表示距離，away可省去。 The school is far(away)from my house. 學(xué)校離我家很遠(yuǎn)。,faraway為形容詞，用作定語，意為“遙遠(yuǎn)的；恍惚的”。 They live at a faraway place. 他們住在一個(gè)遙遠(yuǎn)的地方。 She began to have a faraway look in her eyes. 她的眼中開始流露出恍惚之情。,far from除了表示距離的“遠(yuǎn)離”之外，還有“遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不，完全不，絕非”之意，后接名詞、動(dòng)名詞或形容詞。 Far from eye，far from heart. 眼不見，心不煩。 Far from reading his letter，she didn't open it. 別說看他的信了，她連信都沒拆開。,命題方向：far from接名詞、動(dòng)名詞或形容詞，表示“遠(yuǎn)非，絕不是”。 His behaviour is far from satisfactory. 他的表現(xiàn)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)達(dá)不到令人滿意的程度。 該用法很可能以詞語辨析的形式出現(xiàn)在高考單項(xiàng)填空或完形填空中。,活學(xué)巧練：完成句子 (1)_ _ _ I can see，you've done nothing wrong. (2)Computers，_ _ _ jobs，can creat employment. 答案：(1)As far as (2)far from doing,7in order按順序；整齊，井然有序；(機(jī)械等)狀況良好，沒有故障 精講拓展： keep.in order使井然有序 put.in order把整理好 out of order雜亂的；(機(jī)械等)出故障 order n順序，整齊；命令；訂單，訂購 place/make an order(for sth.)訂購,take sb.'s order讓點(diǎn)菜 order v命令；訂購 order sb. to do sth.命令某人做某事 order sb. sth.order sth. for sb.為某人訂購 in order thatso that為了 B11in order to doso as to do為了做,誤區(qū)警示： in order短語中，order可用不同的形容詞修飾，表示不同意思。 in good order整整齊齊，運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)良好；in bad order亂七八糟，失修。 in order to do既用于句首，也用于句末，但so as to do不能用于句首。,朗文在線： She arrived early in order to get a good seat. 她早早到場，好找個(gè)好位置。 His objection was ruled out of order. 他的反對(duì)被裁定為違反規(guī)則。 All the procedures must be done in correct order. 一切手續(xù)必須按正確順序辦理。 命題方向：order作名詞和動(dòng)詞的各種用法，以及構(gòu)成的短語和句型。,活學(xué)巧練：句型轉(zhuǎn)換 (1)The car broke down on the highway.The car was _ _ _ on the highway. (2)He stood on a chair so that he could reach the top shelf.He stood on a chair _ _ _ reach the top shelf. (3)He ordered that all men(should)fire the guns.He ordered all men _ fire the guns. 答案：(1)out of order (2)in order to (3)to,8take advantage of利用 精講拓展： have the advantageof(doing)sth.有優(yōu)勢(shì) over sb.有超過某人的優(yōu)勢(shì) to sb.'s advantageto the advantage of sb.對(duì)某人有利的或有幫助的 advantageous adj.有利的，有益的，有幫助的 disadvantage n不利條件，不利 disadvantageous adj.不利的,誤區(qū)警示：advantage可作可數(shù)名詞用，表示“有利條件，有利因素”，反義詞為disadvantage。 Just like anything else，the Internet has both advantages and disadvantages. 正如其他任何事物一樣，因特網(wǎng)既有利也有弊。,朗文在線： You should take advantage of the fine weather to paint the fence. 你應(yīng)該利用這好天氣給籬笆上油漆。 The lawyer's letter said she would hear something to her advantage if she contacted him. 律師的信上說，如果她同他聯(lián)絡(luò)，她會(huì)聽到對(duì)她有利的消息。 This method has the advantage of saving a lot of fuel. 這個(gè)方法有節(jié)省很多燃料的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。,詞語辨析：advantage，benefit與profit 三者均指“好處”。 advantage指“有利條件”，“優(yōu)勢(shì)”。 The present world situation is to our advantage. 目前世界局勢(shì)對(duì)我們有利。(使我們處于有利或占優(yōu)勢(shì)的地位，不是特指物質(zhì)方面的好處。),benefit可兼指物質(zhì)利益或精神方面的好處。 You will derive much benefit from reading good novels. 從讀優(yōu)秀小說中你將獲得很大好處。 This performance was given for the benefit of disabled soldiers. 這場演出是為殘疾軍人舉辦的。,profit“利潤”，“用處”，指“利潤”時(shí)常用復(fù)數(shù)。 Capitalists are tireless in hunting for superprofits. 資本家總是不倦地追求超額利潤。 There is no profit in such studies. 這種研究毫無用處。 命題方向：advantage常以詞語辨析的形式在單項(xiàng)填空和完形填空中考查；與take/have構(gòu)成的句型也經(jīng)?？疾?。,活學(xué)巧練： (1)She's got the job because she has the advantages _ others.She knows many languages. (2)The agreement is _ our advantage.,over,to,9rather than而不是 精講拓展： other than除了 more than超過，不僅僅 would rather do.than do.與其不如 no sooner.than.一就 prefer to do.rather than do.寧愿做而不愿做,詞語辨析：rather than與more than rather than表示“而不是”之意，其前后部分在語法上應(yīng)該是對(duì)等的成分。 It is Tom，rather than you，that is to blame. 該受責(zé)備的是湯姆，而不是你。,more than表示在數(shù)量或意義上超出了某種程度，常譯為“超過，多于；不僅僅，不止是”。 He is more than a father，he's also my good friend. 他不止是父親，還是好朋友。 China Daily is more than a newspaper，It can also help us to improve our English. 中國日?qǐng)?bào)不止是一份報(bào)紙，它還能幫助我們提高英語水平。,朗文在線： I think I'll have a cold drink rather than coffee. 我想要冷飲，不要咖啡。 Why didn't you ask for help，rather than trying to do it on your own? 你干嗎非得自己干，而不請(qǐng)人幫忙？ 命題方向：rather than結(jié)構(gòu)的用法以及與相關(guān)句型意義上的區(qū)別。,活學(xué)巧練：漢譯英 (1)應(yīng)該受到責(zé)備的是父母而不是孩子。 _ (2)我寧愿步行去而不愿坐車去。 _ (3)她喜歡唱歌而不喜歡跳舞。 _,The parents should be blamed rather than the children.,I prefer to go there on foot rather than take a bus.,She enjoys singing rather than dancing.,10“My message is that it doesn't matter if you're black, white, fat, thin, old and youngwe're all the same, it's a great world and you can do something with your life.” “我想告訴大家的是不管你是黑人還是白人，肥胖還是瘦小，年長還是年幼，這些都不重要我們都是一樣的，這是一個(gè)美妙的世界，你可以在有生之年做些事情?！?精講拓展： It doesn't matter (to sb.)從句 (對(duì)某人來說)沒關(guān)系，不要緊 It matters a lot/a great deal從句 非常重要 It doesn't matter.(口語)沒關(guān)系。,no matter who/why/what.無論誰/為什么/什么 as a matter of fact實(shí)際上，事實(shí)上 What's the matter？(口語)怎么了？有什么麻煩？ 朗文在線： I don't care what it lookswhat matters is that it works well. 我不在乎它好看不好看要緊的是它要好用。,It matters a lot to her what other people think of her. 其他人怎么看她對(duì)她來說極為重要。 I've spilled some coffee on the carpet. 我灑了些咖啡在地毯上。 It doesn't matter. 沒關(guān)系。,活學(xué)巧練： Oh, sorry, Jane. I took your dictionary by mistake. _. A. That's right B. It doesn't matter C. You're welcome D. Never think about it 答案與解析：B 句意：對(duì)不起，簡。我誤拿了你的字典。沒關(guān)系。,11Do you think listening to music helps you to study? 你認(rèn)為聽音樂有助于你的學(xué)習(xí)嗎？ listening to music是動(dòng)名詞作主語。 Seeing is believing.眼見為實(shí)。 Missing the bus means waiting for one more hour. 錯(cuò)過這班車意味著還要等一小時(shí)。,精講拓展： 動(dòng)名詞作主語也可以用it作形式主語，常用于下列結(jié)構(gòu)中 (1)It isno use/no good useless/senseless fun/enjoyable/tiring nice/expensive/ dangerous/a bore/a waste of time/a good pleasurev.ing It is no use talking like this.,像這樣談話沒有用。 It is no good wasting time. 浪費(fèi)時(shí)間是沒有好處的。 (2)There is no saying/telling.It is impossible to do. There is no saying what may happen. 說不準(zhǔn)將會(huì)發(fā)生什么事。,誤區(qū)警示： 動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)一般由形容詞性的物主代詞或名詞所有格動(dòng)名詞構(gòu)成，在句中可作主語、賓語和表語。如果不在句首，這種結(jié)構(gòu)在口語中可用：代詞賓格(或名詞普通格)動(dòng)名詞。,活學(xué)巧練： (1)What worried me most was _ to go abroad alone. A. my not allowing B. having no allowed C. my being not allowed D. my not being allowed,答案與解析：D 句意：最讓我擔(dān)心的是我不會(huì)被允許單獨(dú)出國。動(dòng)名詞作表語，根據(jù)句意，應(yīng)用其復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)one's doing并用其被動(dòng)式，而且是否定式的被動(dòng)式即one's not being done。,(2)It's no _ arguing with Bill because he will never change his mind. A. use B. help C. time D. way 答案與解析：A 此題考查固定句式，It's no use doing sth.干是沒用的。,12時(shí)間狀語從句 在句子中起時(shí)間狀語作用的句子稱為時(shí)間狀語從句，可放在句首、句中和句尾。 (1)表示“一就”引導(dǎo)詞的用法 英語中表達(dá)“一就”的時(shí)間狀語有多種形式，常見的有如下幾種： as soon as As soon as he heard the news，he jumped with joy. 他一聽到這消息，就高興得跳了起來。,immediately I'll give you an answer immediately I've finished reading your file. 我一看完你的檔案就給你答復(fù)。 directly Directly you feel any pains，you must go to the doctor. 你一感覺不適就得看醫(yī)生。,instantly Please give me a phone call instantly you arrive. 你一到就給我打電話。 no sooner.than. No sooner had I begun to talk than he rang off.I had no sooner begun to talk than he rang off. 我?guī)缀跷磥淼眉爸v話，他就掛斷了電話。,hardly.when. Hardly had I told him my name when he stopped listening.I had hardly told him my name when he stopped listening. 我?guī)缀鯖]來得及告訴他我的名字，他就不聽了。,(2)名詞短語引導(dǎo)狀語從句 表示時(shí)間的名詞短語有時(shí)也可以引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。常用的這類名詞短語有：the time，the moment，the minute，the day，the year，the first time，the second time，by the time，each time，every time，next time，any time。這些短語含有“每次、每天、每時(shí)”之意，引導(dǎo)狀語從句時(shí)，習(xí)慣上不在這些名詞后加when。,The day he returned home，his father was already dead. 他到家的那天，他父親已經(jīng)去世了。 Every time I see him，he is working hard. 我每次見到他，他都在拼命地工作。 He was much better the last time I saw him. 上次我見到他時(shí)，他好多了。 By the time he was taken to the hospital，he was nearly dead. 他被送往醫(yī)院時(shí)，就幾乎要死了。,(3)when，while，as和whenever的用法 when，while，as都可用來引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，意為“在時(shí)候”。但在具體用法上又不盡相同。 when用得最廣，?？纱鎤hile與as。when所引導(dǎo)的從句，動(dòng)詞既可是延續(xù)性的，也可是終止性的。as在這一點(diǎn)上與when相同，while所引導(dǎo)的從句中，動(dòng)詞只能是延續(xù)性的。,When the fire broke out，all the students were sleeping soundly. 當(dāng)火災(zāi)發(fā)生時(shí)，所有的學(xué)生正在熟睡。 The telephone rang while I was taking a bath. 我在洗澡時(shí)電話響了。,while引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句時(shí)主句和從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生且從句中謂語動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性的。 While I played the harp，my sister did her homework. 我在彈豎琴，姐姐在做功課。 表述兩個(gè)發(fā)展變化中的情況時(shí)常用as。 As he talked on，he got more and more excited. 他越談就越激動(dòng)。 As you grow older，you'll know better and better about yourself. 隨著你年齡增長，你會(huì)越來越了解自己。,表示“一邊一邊”時(shí)，常用as。 As he was reading，he was shaking his head，which surely slowed down his reading speed. 他邊讀書邊搖著頭，這當(dāng)然降低了他的閱讀速度。 They talked as they walked along the river. 他們沿著河邊走邊談。,表示隨著短暫動(dòng)作的發(fā)生，另一行為伴隨發(fā)生時(shí)，常用as。 My cap was blown away as I sat down. 我往下坐時(shí)帽子被吹走了。 whenever表示“無論何時(shí)”，語氣要比when強(qiáng)得多。 Whenever we see him we speak to him. 我們每次見到他都和他說話。,(4)till和until 主句謂語動(dòng)詞為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞時(shí)，主句和從句都用肯定句式，意為“一直到”，表示主句動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)到until/till從句表示的時(shí)間才終止；主句謂語動(dòng)詞為短暫性動(dòng)詞時(shí)，主句用否定式，從句用肯定式，意思是“直到才”，表示主句動(dòng)作到until/till從句表示的時(shí)間才開始。,He studied until/till it was 900. 他一直學(xué)到九點(diǎn)。 He didn't study until/till it was 900. 他到九點(diǎn)才學(xué)習(xí)。 Don't get off the bus until it has stopped. 公共汽車停穩(wěn)后再下車。,until和till意義相同，通?？蓳Q用，但在強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)、倒裝句或句首時(shí)，一般用until。 She didn't go to bed until/till her mother returned. It was not until her mother returned that she went to bed. Not until her mother returned did she go to bed. 她直到媽媽回來才上床睡覺。,(5)since和before since從句中的動(dòng)詞性質(zhì)不同，其起算時(shí)間也不同。since瞬間動(dòng)詞過去時(shí)，從該動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)算起；since延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞過去時(shí)，從該動(dòng)作結(jié)束時(shí)算起。 He has worked very hard since he entered the factory. 從入廠以來，他工作一直非常努力。(enter為瞬間性動(dòng)詞),We haven't seen each other since I worked in the factory.We haven't seen each other since I stopped working in the factory. 從我不在工廠以來，我們從沒見過面。(work為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞) since常用于It'ssome timesince sb. did sth.結(jié)構(gòu)中。試比較： It's two years since he joined the army. 他參軍有兩年了。 It's two years since he was a soldier. 他退役有兩年了。,before除了在“before和after”部分所講的用法外，也可用于it結(jié)構(gòu)，與since結(jié)構(gòu)相似，注意它們所用時(shí)態(tài)的區(qū)別： It will besome timebefore sb.do/does sth.(表將來) It wassome timebefore sb. did sth.(表過去) He has gone shopping.It'll be half an hour before he comes back. 他去買東西了，要過半小時(shí)才能回來。 It was not long before he returned from abroad. 不久他就從國外回來了。,13省略句 省略是英語語言中的常見現(xiàn)象。為了避免重復(fù)，或出于修辭上的需要而省略句中的一個(gè)或幾個(gè)成分，這種句子叫做省略句。 (1)簡單句中的省略 人稱(有時(shí)包括謂語)的省略。 How is your mother today? (She is)much better.,感嘆句根據(jù)上下文的省略。 How beautiful(it is)! How(hard)they are working! 名詞所有格后的名詞，如果是表示住宅、店鋪、教堂或上下文已經(jīng)暗示過的事物時(shí)，常省略。 At her mother's(house)she passed many happy days. I'm going to the doctor's(clinic),表示年齡的years old和表示鐘表的o'clock等常省略。 I am thirteen(years old) It is five(o'clock)now. 介詞的省略。在waste/spend/have trouble/difficulty等跟v.ing時(shí)，介詞in常省略，在prevent，stop等后的from常省略。 Don't waste time(in)mourning. Ways must be found to stop them(from)polluting our environment.,不定式的省略。保留不定式符號(hào)to，省略動(dòng)詞。 Are you going to take a course in the summer vacation? Yes.I have to(take a course)though I don't want to(take a course),(2)并列句中的省略 在不影響句意的情況下，并列句中后邊分句與前邊分句相同的詞語都可以省略。 I take some exercise at weekends and so do my colleagues(take some exercise) She was poor but(she was)honest.,(3)復(fù)合句中的省略 1)主句中的省略。常見于句首或回答問題時(shí)，只用從句。 Why are you late? (I'm late)Because my watch doesn't work.,（2）從句中的省略。 賓語從句 在賓語從句中常省略引導(dǎo)詞that，但當(dāng)及物動(dòng)詞之后跟兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的賓語從句時(shí)，只有第一個(gè)that可以省略。 She said (that) I should spend more time with children and that it was a must if I wanted to be a good parent.,定語從句 可以省略作賓語的關(guān)系代詞that，which或whom。 Please show me the coat(that)you bought yesterday. 狀語從句 a在時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、條件、方式或讓步狀語從句中，如果主句、從句的主語一致，從句中謂語動(dòng)詞又包含be或主語是it，?？梢园褟木渲兄髡Z和謂語的一部分省略。,When(they were)first introduced to the market，these products enjoyed great success. I'll lend you one if(it is)necessary. b在由than，as引導(dǎo)的比較狀語從句中，在不造成誤解的前提下，有些成分可省略。 I love you better than he(loves you) You hate him as much as I(hate him),在think，expect，hope，believe，guess，imagine，be afraid等后，常用so或not代替從句，作簡略的肯定或否定回答。 Is it going to rain? I guess so./I hope not.,活學(xué)巧練： (1)The plane is due to take off at 750 from the airport. _ we fail to arrive there in time? AWhat if BAs if CEven if DOnly if 答案：A,(2)I heard Johnson was badly injured in the accident. _，let's go and see him. AWhat's more BIf so CWhere possible DWhen necessary 答案：B (3)We hadn't been out for long _ she felt sick. Awhen Bwhile Cafter Das 答案：A,(4)Did Jack come late last night? Yes.It was eleven o'clock _ he arrived home. Awhen Bbefore Cthat Dif 答案：A (5)How silly we are to sit around inside _ it is so lovely outside! Athat Bwhich Cwhere Dwhen 答案：D,(6)Will you go home tomorrow evening? No，I'm going to a lecture，or at least，I'm planning _. Ait Bthat Cto Done 答案：C (7)I went home _ I had finished work. Asuddenly Bhurriedly Cquickly Ddirectly 答案：D,(8)It won't be _ we meet again. Along after Blong before Cbefore long Dlong ago 答案：B,考 題 演 練,1.(2009·福建卷)According to the literary review, Shakespeare _ his characters live through their language in his plays. A. will make B. had made C. was making D. makes 答案與解析：D 因?yàn)槭恰案鶕?jù)文學(xué)評(píng)論”做出的事情，故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)來表示動(dòng)作的時(shí)間性。,2(2009·安徽卷)Just as Professor Scott often _ it, success is ninetynine percent mental attitude. A. gets B. makes C. puts D. means 答案與解析：C 句意：就像Scott教授常說的那樣，成功是由99%的心態(tài)決定的。get獲得；make制造；mean打算；意味著，均不合題意。,3(2009·北京卷)John plays basketball well, _ his favorite sport is badminton. A. so B. or C. yet D. for 答案與解析：C 句意：約翰藍(lán)球打得很好，然而他最喜歡的運(yùn)動(dòng)是打羽毛球。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中表示轉(zhuǎn)折的連詞只有yet。,4(2009·湖南卷)The food here is nice enough. My friend _ me a right place. A. introduces B. introduced C. had introduced D. was introducing 答案與解析：B