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,,1．debate n．討論，爭論，辯論 vi.&vt.辯論，討論，爭論 歸納拓展 (1)debate about/on/over sth.with sb.與某人爭論…… debate sth. with sb.與某人討論某事 debate whether/what/how etc. to do sth.討論…… (2)hold a debate舉行辯論會(huì) beyond debate無可爭辯 under debate在辯論中,例句：We must debate the question with the rest of the members.我們必須和其他委員討論這個(gè)問題。 The two sides debated fiercely whether to raise the price of school meals. 雙方就是否提高學(xué)校用餐價(jià)格進(jìn)行了激烈的辯論。 The proposal is under debate. 那個(gè)提議還在討論當(dāng)中。 同類辨析 debate，argue與discuss (1)debate辯論的目的在于說服對方。 (2)argue指條理清晰地陳述贊成或反對的理由。 (3)discuss從不同的觀點(diǎn)出發(fā)與某人討論某事。,【鏈接訓(xùn)練】 這是關(guān)于如何懲治罪犯的爭論。(翻譯句子) This_is_a_debate_about_the_punishment_for_criminals.,2．clarify vt.澄清，講清楚，闡明；(加熱)凈化 歸納拓展 (1)clarify matters澄清真相 clarify one’s remarks把話說清楚 clarify one's stand/position闡明某人的立場 (2)clarification n．澄清 clarity n．清澈，透明 例句：He clarified his stand on the issue. 他澄清了他在該問題上的立場。 My mind was clarified on this issue. 對這個(gè)問題我的頭腦變得清楚了。,She asked him to clarify what he meant. 她要他說清楚他是什么意思。 【鏈接訓(xùn)練】 Chinese government________on the matters to Taiwan. A．clarify it stand B．clarifies its stand C．clarify its stand D．clarifies it stand 【解析】 句意為：中國政府針對臺灣問題闡明了自己的立場。故應(yīng)用短語clarify one's stand“闡明某人的立場”，謂語動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。 【答案】 B,3．complain vi.抱怨；不滿；發(fā)牢騷 歸納拓展 (1)complain (to sb.)about/of.(向某人)抱怨…… complain (to sb.)that-clause(向某人)抱怨…… complain to sb.向某人申訴；訴說……病痛 (2)complaint n．抱怨；申訴；投訴 make a complaint about/of/against抱怨；投訴 a letter of complaint一封投訴信 (3)can't complain[口]還算好(總體上還是滿意的，雖然有些不如意),例句：She often complains to her boss about/of her low pay. ＝She often complains to her boss that she gets paid too little. ＝She often complains to to her boss about/of getting paid too little. 她經(jīng)常向她老板抱怨說她的報(bào)酬太低。 Why don't you make a complaint against your noisy neighbour？你為什么不投訴那位喧鬧的鄰居呢？,【鏈接訓(xùn)練】 句型轉(zhuǎn)換 Some Iraqi common people complained of being robbed and beaten often by American soldiers in Iraq. ＝Some Iraqi common people complained that_they_were_robbed_beaten often by American soldiers in Iraq. 句意為：一些伊拉克平民控訴說他們經(jīng)常遭到駐伊美軍的搶劫和毆打。,4．a(chǎn)pproval n．批準(zhǔn)；認(rèn)可；贊成；同意 歸納拓展 (1)general approval一致同意 with approval of經(jīng)……的批準(zhǔn) in approval同意地，支持地 give (one’s) approval給予批準(zhǔn) meet with one’s approval得到某人的贊許，得到某人的認(rèn)可 (2)approve v．批準(zhǔn)，贊成 approve of sb./sth.贊成某人/事,例句：She desperately wanted to win her father's approval. 她急不可待地想贏得她父親的贊同。 I can't agree to anything without my partner's approval. 沒有合伙人的認(rèn)可我什么也不能答應(yīng)。 He doesn't approve of me leaving school this year. 他不同意我今年離校。,【鏈接訓(xùn)練】 The mayor has________the new building plan and the construction of the new Broadcasting Center will begin in a few days. A．a(chǎn)ppreciated B．a(chǎn)pproached C．a(chǎn)ppointed D．a(chǎn)pproved 【解析】 句意為：市長批準(zhǔn)了新的建造計(jì)劃，建造新的廣播中心的工程幾天之內(nèi)就開工。approve“批準(zhǔn)，贊成”，符合題意。appreciate“感激”；approach“接近”；appoint“任命；委派；指定”。 【答案】 D,,例句：I am convinced of his innocence. ＝I am convinced that he was innocent. 我相信他是無辜的。 What she said convinced me that I was mistaken. 她的一番話使我認(rèn)識到我錯(cuò)了。 What convinced you to vote for them? 究竟是什么使得你愿意投他們的票呢？,【鏈接訓(xùn)練】 ①The couple tried every effort to ________ the judges，who tried the case of their innocence，resulting in the contrary. A．prove B．charge C．convince D．confirm 【解析】 句意為：那對夫婦盡力使審訊那宗案件的法官相信他們是清白的，但結(jié)果正相反。prove“證明”；charge sb. with.“指控某人……”；convince sb. of sth.“使某人相信……”；confirm sth.“證實(shí)……”。由句意及convince sb. of sth.的搭配可知正確答案為C。 【答案】 C,②________that the government can lead them out of the financial crisis, people are optimistic about the future of the country. A．Convincing B．Convinced C．To convince D．Having convinced 【解析】 考查非謂語動(dòng)詞的用法。句子的邏輯主語是people與convince之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用v.-ing形式，排除B項(xiàng)；C項(xiàng)動(dòng)詞不定式置于句首，一般作目的狀語，與題意不符，故排除；convince這一動(dòng)作與主句謂語動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，故排除D項(xiàng)完成時(shí)。選A。句意為：人們確信政府能帶領(lǐng)他們走出經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)，他們對國家的未來很樂觀。 【答案】 A,6．oppose vt.反抗，反對 歸納拓展 (1)oppose (doing) sth.反對干某事 be opposed to (doing) sth.反對干某事 (2)opposition n．反對，對立 meet with opposition遭到反對 in opposition to sb. on sth.在某事上與某人意見相反 注意：be opposed to中的to是介詞，不是不定式符號，后加名詞/代詞或v.-ing形式，不加to do，其同義詞組是be against和object to。,例句：Most people are opposed to war and for peace. 大多數(shù)人反對戰(zhàn)爭，支持和平。 The President opposes giving military aid to this country.總統(tǒng)反對向該國提供軍事援助。 【鏈接訓(xùn)練】 翻譯句子 我們強(qiáng)烈反對種族歧視。 We_are_bitterly_opposed_to_the_racial_discrimination.,1．tell.apart把……區(qū)分開 歸納拓展 (1)tell A and B apart＝tell A from B＝tell the difference(s) between A and B 把A與B區(qū)分開 tell＋that./wh- 辨別，識別 (2)tell sb. about/of sth.告訴某人有關(guān)某事 tell a lie/lies撒謊 to tell the truth說實(shí)話,,例句：It is also quite easy to tell British and American English apart. 要將英國英語和美國英語分辨開來也很容易。 I can't tell whether it is him or not. 我認(rèn)不清是不是他。 It is very important for us to tell true friends from false ones in society. 在社會(huì)上辨別出真假朋友對我們來說是非常重要的。,【鏈接訓(xùn)練】 The twins are so much alike that their own mother can hardly ________. A．tell them apart B．tell apart them C．say them apart D．say apart them 【解析】 tell apart是動(dòng)詞短語(v.＋adv.)，代詞常常放在tell和apart之間，故選A。 【答案】 A,2．let sb./sth.down使某人失望，辜負(fù)；(使)略遜一籌，美中不足 歸納拓展 let alone更不必說 let off寬??；開(槍)，放(炮、煙火等)；讓……下車 let out放走，釋放；泄露，放出；放寬，放大(衣服) let go放開，松手 let sb./sth. in/into讓……進(jìn)來，放……進(jìn)來 注意：let.alone＝let.be/leave.alone不干涉；對……置之不理；而let alone是“……更不必說”，需作插入語。,例句：This machine won’t let you down. 你盡管放心，這臺機(jī)器不會(huì)出毛病。 She speaks French very fluently，but her pronunciation lets her down. 她法語講得很流利，但美中不足的是發(fā)音不太好。 There isn’t enough room for us，let alone any guests.連我們都沒有足夠的空間，更不用說客人了。,【鏈接訓(xùn)練】 —If you don't bring a present to Lucy，you may ________. —Thank you for reminding me. Surely I'll buy her one this evening. A．leave her along B．let her down C．hold her back D．cheer her up 【解析】 句意為：——如果你不給露西帶生日禮物，你可能會(huì)使她失望的。——謝謝你提醒我。我今晚肯定就去給她買一件生日禮物。leave sb.alone“不理會(huì)某人”；let sb.down“使某人失望”；hold sb.back“阻止某人”；cheer sb.up“使某人振作起來”。由句意可知答案為B項(xiàng)。 【答案】 B,3．be relevant to.與……有關(guān) 歸納拓展 (2)relevance n. 關(guān)聯(lián) relevantly adv.相關(guān)聯(lián)地,例句：Do you have any relevant experience in advertising? 你有廣告行業(yè)的相關(guān)經(jīng)驗(yàn)嗎？ What they are discussing is not relevant to the present question.他們所討論的事情與目前的問題無關(guān)。 【鏈接訓(xùn)練】 完成句子 The judge ruled that the evidence wasn’t_relevant_to/had_no_relevance_to/wasn’t_related_to/wasn’t_connected_with/had_nothing_to_do_with(與……無關(guān))the case.,Not all idioms have been common for many years. 并非所有的習(xí)語很多年都常見。 not all.意為“并非所有的……都”，是部分否定。not的位置比較靈活，可置于句首，也可放在句中。 例句：Not all the people present agreed with you. ＝All the people present didn’t agree with you. 不是所有在場的人都贊成你(的看法)。 歸納拓展 (1)與not連用構(gòu)成部分否定的詞有： all，everyone，everywhere，both，everybody，,always，every，everything，altogether(全體)， entirely(全部地)，wholly(全部地) (2)表示全部否定的詞有：none，nobody，no one，neither，never，nothing，nowhere等。 例句：None of the people present agreed with you. 所有在場的人都不贊成你。 Both of Tom and Jack are not fond of op music. ＝Not both of Tom and Jack are fond of pop music. 湯姆和杰克二人不全喜歡流行音樂。 Tom and Jack are not fond of pop music. 湯姆和杰克都不喜歡流行音樂。,【鏈接訓(xùn)練】 ①I haven't read ________ of his books，but judging from others' comments，I think he's a very promising writer. A．a(chǎn)ny B．none C．both D．either 【解析】 any與not連用表全部否定；not與none of連用，雙重否定表肯定；not與both和either連用表部分否定，根據(jù)題意，選A。 【答案】 A,②The boys and girls had walked for hours.They ________ got very tired，but ________ of them would stop to take a rest. A．a(chǎn)ll；neither B．both；none C．a(chǎn)ll；none D．both；everyone 【解析】 both只能用于兩者之間，此題中是說the boys and the girls，故用all，作they的同位語；空二考查全部否定，故用none。 【答案】 C,復(fù)習(xí)狀語和狀語從句 1．狀語 定義：修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子，說明動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)特征的句子成分。 位置：修飾形容詞或副詞的狀語一般放在被修飾詞的前面；修飾動(dòng)詞的狀語一般放在被修飾詞的后面。特殊情況除外。 (1)狀語的表現(xiàn)形式 ①副詞及副詞短語 例句：Light travels fast.光傳播得很快。,②介詞短語 例句：We have lived in this city for 10 years. 我們在這座城市已生活了十年。 ③分詞短語-ing及-ed形式 例句：Encouraged by the teacher，I decided to learn English well. 在老師的鼓勵(lì)下，我決心把英語學(xué)好。 ④動(dòng)詞不定式 例句：He worked hard to pass the exam. 他努力學(xué)習(xí)，想通過考試。,⑤從句 例句：So long as you can promise to return it on time，I will lend you my bike. 只要你能保證準(zhǔn)時(shí)歸還，我可以把自行車借給你。 ⑥獨(dú)立主格形式： 例句：The teacher entered the classroom，ruler in hand.老師手里拿著一把尺子進(jìn)了教室。 (2)狀語的種類 ①時(shí)間狀語 ②原因狀語 ③條件狀語 ④地點(diǎn)狀語 ⑤方式狀語 ⑥伴隨狀語 ⑦目的狀語(常位于句末，強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)可位于句首) ⑧讓步狀語 ⑨程度狀語(單個(gè)副詞時(shí)，常前置),⑩比較狀語(通常有固定形式，不可隨意改變) 例句：When it rains，I usually go to pick up my daughter in my car. 下雨時(shí)，我通常開車去接我的女兒。 I didn’t go to the party because of the heavy snow.因?yàn)橄麓笱┪覜]有去參加聚會(huì)。 As long as you work hard，you can make great progress. 只要你努力，就能取得很大的進(jìn)步。 He was sent where he was most needed. 他被派往最需要他的地方去了。,2．狀語從句 通常來說明主句中某一動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞的起狀語作用的從句，叫做狀語從句。狀語從句位置較靈活，可以放在主句之前、之后或中間。狀語從句包括時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、方式、比較、讓步狀語從句。 各個(gè)類型的狀語從句在前面單元的語法中已經(jīng)一一講到過，這里我們只將其引導(dǎo)詞進(jìn)行歸納總結(jié)。,,【鏈接訓(xùn)練】 ①After a long walk，she was ________ tired that she had to go upstairs and rest. A．much B．enough C．too D．that 【解析】 句中that可作為副詞，相當(dāng)于so，與后面的that構(gòu)成結(jié)果狀語從句，其余選項(xiàng)均無這種用法。 【答案】 D,②________ online shopping attracts a certain group of the people，there will always be some who enjoy shopping for their own groceries. A．When B．As C．If D．While 【解析】 句意為：雖然網(wǎng)上購物吸引了一定群體的人，但總有一些人喜歡上街購買自己的雜貨。此處while表示“雖然；盡管”，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。 【答案】 D,③—We have decided to go for a picnic tomorrow，Dick.Are you going with us? —Well，________ you are going，so will I. A．when B．since C．if D．while 【解析】 句意為：——我們已決定明天出去野炊，迪克，你和我們一起去嗎？——哦，既然你們?nèi)?，那我也要去。此題極易誤選C。if “假如你們?nèi)?，那我也去?！憋@然不符合前文邏輯。 【答案】 B,④Jenny was reading a piece of science fiction，completely ________ to the outside world. A．having lost B．being lost C．losing D．lost 【解析】 lost是形容詞，be lost to the world(全神貫注于某事而不注意周圍的事情)。形容詞短語表示狀態(tài)，作狀語。 【答案】 D,⑤________，the people in Sichuan Province are recovering from the effects of the terrible earthquake on May 12th,2008. A．Strongly and unitedly B．Strong and united C．Be strong and unite D．Being strongly and united 【解析】 strong and united“堅(jiān)強(qiáng)并團(tuán)結(jié)”，為形容詞短語作狀語。 【答案】 B,,Loading… …,同學(xué)們,來學(xué)校和回家的路上要注意安全,同學(xué)們,來學(xué)校和回家的路上要注意安全,