自考00830現(xiàn)代語言學(xué)歷年真題集電子書目錄1. 目錄32. 歷年真題42.1 00830現(xiàn)代語言學(xué)20041042.2 00830現(xiàn)代語言學(xué)20051082.3 00830現(xiàn)代語言學(xué)200610122.4 00830現(xiàn)代語言學(xué)200701162.5 00830現(xiàn)代語言學(xué)200710182.6 00830現(xiàn)代語言學(xué)200801192.7 00830現(xiàn)代語言學(xué)200810222.8 00830現(xiàn)代語言學(xué)200901252.9 00830現(xiàn)代語言學(xué)200910292.10 00830現(xiàn)代語言學(xué)201001322.11 00830現(xiàn)代語言學(xué)201010352.12 00830現(xiàn)代語言學(xué)201101393. 相關(guān)課程411. 目錄歷年真題() 00830現(xiàn)代語言學(xué)200410() 00830現(xiàn)代語言學(xué)200510() 00830現(xiàn)代語言學(xué)200610() 00830現(xiàn)代語言學(xué)200701() 00830現(xiàn)代語言學(xué)200710() 00830現(xiàn)代語言學(xué)200801() 00830現(xiàn)代語言學(xué)200810() 00830現(xiàn)代語言學(xué)200901() 00830現(xiàn)代語言學(xué)200910() 00830現(xiàn)代語言學(xué)201001() 00830現(xiàn)代語言學(xué)201010() 00830現(xiàn)代語言學(xué)201101() 相關(guān)課程() 2. 歷年真題2.1 00830現(xiàn)代語言學(xué)2004102004年下半年高等教育自學(xué)考試全國統(tǒng)一命題考試現(xiàn)代語言學(xué)試卷（課程代碼0830）第一部分選擇題.Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A,B,C or D in the brackets.(2%10=1.Chomsky uses the term ( ) to refer to the actual realization of a language users knowledge of the rules of his language in linguistic communication.A. langue B. competenceC. parole D. performance2.In terms of the place of articulation, the following sounds tdszn share the feature of ( ).A. palatalB. alveolarC. bilabialD. dental3.Transformational Generative Grammar was introduced by ( ) in 1957.A. L. BloomfieldB. F. SaussureC. N. ChomskyD.M. A. K. Halliday4.Natural languages are viewed to vary according to ( ) set on UG principles to particular values.A. Adjacent ConditionB. parametersC. Case ConditionD. Case requirement5. Synonyms are classified into several kinds. The kind to which“girl”and“l(fā)ass” belong is called ( ) synonyms.A. stylisticB. dialectalC. emotiveD. collocational6. The illocutionary point of ( ) is to express the psychological state specified in the utterance.A. representativesB. commissivesC. expressivesD. declaratives7. Modern English words man, woman, child, eat, fight, ect. originate from ( ).A. Middle EnglishB. Old EnglishC. FrenchD. Norman French8. In a diglossic country, the two diglossic forms of a language are generally two varieties of the same language, but there are situations in which the H-variety may have no ( ) relationship with the L-variety.A. geneticB. socialC. directD. close9.Many aphasics do not show total language loss. Rather, different aspects of language are impaired. Aphasics in ( ) area reveal word-finding difficulties and problems with syntax.A. WernikersB. visualC. motorD. Brocas10. ( ) motivation occurs when the learner desires to learn a second language in order to communicate with native speakers of the target language.A. InstrumentalB. FunctionalC. IntegrativeD. Social第二部分非選擇題（共80分）. Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in ONE word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given.(110=)11. If a linguistic study describes and analyzes the language people actually use, it is said to be d .12. Stops, fricatives, affricates, liquids, and glides all have some degree of o and are therefore consonants.13. M is the smallest meaningful unit of language.14. A is the movement of an auxiliary verb to the sentence-initial position, such as “be”, “have”, “do” etc.15. R is what a linguistic form refers to in the real world; it is a matter of the relationship between form and the reality.16. In Austins early speech act theory, c were statements that either state or describe, and were thus verifiable.17. In the process of first language acquisition, children usually construct their personal grammars, and their language develops in stages until it a the grammatical rules of the adult language.18. A s community is one group, all of whose members share the same language or at least a single language variety.19. People may communicate their feelings or thoughts via n signals such as facial expressions, gestures, postures, or proxemic space.20. Although the development of a communicative system is not unique to human beings, the natural acquisition of l as a system of highly abstract rules and regulations for creative communication is what distinguishes humans from all other animal species.Directions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of each statement. If you think a statement is false, you must explain why you think so and give the correct version. (210=)21. ( ) The writing system of a language is always a later invention used to record speech; thus there are still many languages in todays world that can only be spoken, but not written.22. ( ) In such sound combinations as /bi:p/, /geip/ and /su:p/, the voiceless stop /p/, occurring in the final position, is unaspirated, i.e. pronounced with the strong puff of air withheld to some extent.23. ( ) The part of speech of the compound is always determined by the part of speech of the second element, without exception.24. ( ) The relationship between the embedded clause and its matrix clause is one of a part to the whole.25. ( ) The contextualist view of meaning holds that meaning should be studied in terms of the situational context and linguistic context.26. ( ) Searles classification of illocutionary acts is based on the classification of performative verbs.27. ( ) One kind of language change results in an increase of the number of exceptional or irregular morphemes. This kind of change has been called internal borrowingthat is, we “borrow” from one part of the grammar and apply the rule generally.28. ( ) There are differences in the way people of various age categories speak. The differences most easily noted by the layman are likely to be grammatical in nature.29. ( ) The left hemisphere of the brain is superior to the right hemisphere because the left hemisphere is language-dominant.30 ( ) A child born to a Chinese or English speaking family takes about the same number of years to acquire their native tongue, regardless of their general intelligence.Directions: Explain the following terms, using one or two examples for illustration.(310=)31. assimilation rule32. root33. bound morphemes34. surface structure35. grammaticality36. elaboration37. bilingualism38. creole39. the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis40. fossilization. Answer the following questions.(102=)41. The phonological features that occur above the level of individual sounds are called suprasegmental features. Discuss the main suprasegmental features, illustrating with examples how they function in the distinction of meaning.42. Explain and give examples to show in what way componential analysis is similar to the analysis of phonemes into distinctive features.2.2 00830現(xiàn)代語言學(xué)200510 全國2005年10月高等教育自學(xué)考試全國統(tǒng)一命題考試現(xiàn)代語言學(xué)試卷（課程代碼 0830） 本試卷共9頁，滿分100分；考試時(shí)間1 50分鐘。總分題號核分人題分2010203020復(fù)查人得分 Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A,B,C or D in the brackets (2%10=1The tone, defined as pitch variation, is an important suprasegmental feature of tone languages suchas A Chinese B EnglishC Chinese and English D English and French2 Voicing as a quality of speech sounds is caused by the vibration of A the velum B the vocal cords C the glottis D the uvula3 The words that contain only one morpheme are called A bound morphemes B affixes C free morphemes D roots4 Syntactic movement is dictated by rules traditionally called A phase structure rules B syntactic rules C lexical rules D transformational rules5 The naming theory was proposed by A the Greek scholar Plato B CK Ogden and IA Richards C the British linguist J Firth D the American linguist L Bloomfield6 Speech act theory was first proposed by A John Austin B John Searle C Noam Chomsky D John Firth7 linguistics refers to the study of a language or languages at a single point in time, withoutreference to earlier or later stages A Diachronic B Synchronic C Historical D Comparative8 Different functional speech varieties known as are expected in, say, a church sermon, adiplomatic encounter, a family dinner, or a sports broadcast A registers B styles C dialects D accents9 is the study of language in relation to the mind A Psycholinguistics B Sociolinguistics C Linguistics D Semantics10 In general, childrens holophrastic sentences begin A in the late part of the first year or the early part of the second year B in the second half of the second year C between two and three years old D between four and five years old Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue Note that you are to fill in ONE word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given (1%10=11 Language can be defined as a system of arbitrary v symbols used for human communication12 To satisfy the needs of the phoneticians in the study of speech sounds, a set of symbols called dare added to broad transcription to show the more subtle differences between similar sounds13 The meaning of a compound is often i ,not always being the sum total of the meanings of itscomponents14 The clause into which another clause is embedded is called a m clause15 Componential analysis is based on the belief that the meaning of a word can be dissected into meaning components, called s features16 C is regarded as constituted by all kinds of knowledge assumed to be shared by the speaker and the hearer17 The major phonological change in the history of English known as the Great Vowel Shift involves sevenlong, or t , vowels of Middle English18 Certain words in all societies are considered t they are forbidden or to be avoided19 Its known that specialized linguistic and perceptual skills are each localized in a particular hemisphere of the brain The localization of cognitive and perceptual functions in a particular hemisphere of the brainis called l 20 C speech refers to the simple, modified speech used by parents, baby-sitters, etc when they talk to young children who are acquiring their native language Directions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false Put a T for true or F forfalse in the brackets in front of each statement If you think a statement is false, you must explainwhy you think so and give the correct version(2%10=21( ) According to Chomsky, a speaker can produce and understand an unlimited number ofsentences because he possesses an internalized set of rules about his language22 ( ) Phonological rules are not language specific, ie once proved to be valid, they can be applied to all languages23 ( ) Under the Case Condition principle, when the Move rule operates to change a sentence from the active voice to the passive voice, it can move a noun phrase to any Case receiving position24 ( ) Lexical categories are generally known as parts of speech, and a language has majorand minor lexical categories of a finite set25 ( ) A grammatically well-formed sentence is always semantically well-formed26 ( ) All illocutionary acts that belong to the same category share the same purpose or the sameillocutionary point27 ( ) Borrowing occurs when one language takes a word or morpheme from another language andadds it to its lexicon28 ( ) It is obvious that the standard variety of language is the correct form of language29 ( ) Human linguistic ability largely depends on the structure of their vocal cords30 ( ) According to Behaviorist learning theory, children are believed to gradually assume correctforms of the language of their community when their “bad” speech gets corrected and whentheir good speech gets positively reinforced Directions: Explain the following terms, using one or two examples for illustration (3%10=31 cultural transmission (as a defining feature of human language)32 phoneme33 linguistic competence34 syntactic movement35 homonymy36 derivation37 idiolect38 the critical period hypothesis39 intrapersonal communication40 telegraphic speech Answer the following questions(10%2=41 Prefixes occur at the beginning of a word, and modify the meaning of a stem, but usually do not changethe part of speech of the original word Do you think it is true? Support your answer with examples42 What are the four maxims of the Cooperative Principle? Please give examples to show how the flouting of these maxims gives rise to conversational implicature (Give at least two examples, each flouting a different maxim)2.3 00830現(xiàn)代語言學(xué)200610全國2006年10月高等教育自學(xué)考試現(xiàn)代語言學(xué)試題課程代碼：0830. Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C, or D in the brackets.(2%10=1Vibration of the vocal cords results in a quality of speech sounds called voicing, which is a feature of（）Aall consonantsBvowels onlyCall consonants and some vowelsDall vowels and some consonants2The negative prefix“ in-”in English, when added to the adjective “possible”, is actually pronounced/im/,and spelt as “im”. This is the result of the _rule at work.（）AdeletionBassimilationCphoneticDsequential3The word “ecology” is a two-morpheme cluster that contains_.（）Atwo rootsBa root and a suffixCa root and a free morphemeDa prefix and a root4When we move the adverbial phrase “every day” in the sentence “Every day, we study English” to the end of the sentence, we are now _ the phrase to the right.（）ArewritingBpreposingCpostposingDmaintaining5Antonyms are divided into several kinds .Which of the following is NOT a kind of antonyms?（）AcomplementaryBrelationalCsuperordinateDgradable6In terms of predication analysis , the utterance“ Is it going to snow this afternoon?” is a_（）Aone-place predicationBtwo-place predicationCthree-place predicationDno-place predication7In Old English, word order was freer because the case endings were rich. So in Old English, word orders included SVO, VSO, SOV and OSV. However, Modern English has a much weaker case system, so its sentences have to follow a basic word order of_.（）ASOVBSVOCVSODOSV8Black English is a kind of _dialect.（）AregionalBstandardCethnicDsituational9The critical period for language acquisition refers to the short period of _years old in ones life, during which the human brain is most ready to acquire a particular language.（）A1-2B2-12C1-12D13-1810In a sense, humans can be said to be biologically programmed to acquire at least one language. What is meant by this _view of language acquisition is that humans are equipped with the neural prerequisites for language and language use.（）AbehavioristBnativistCmentalistDempiricist. Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in ONE word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given.(1%10=11.A scientific study of language is based on the s_ investigation of language data.12.The limited range of sounds which are meaningful in human linguistic communication and are of interest to linguistic studies are called the p_ medium of language.13.phrase structure rules can generate an infinite number of sentences with infinite length, due to their r_ properties.14.A f_ clause is a clause that takes a subject and a main verb, and at the same time stands structurally alone.15.In terms of truth condition, if X is true, Y is false, and if X is false, Y is true. The relationship between X and Y is i_ 16.In Austin s early speech act theory, c_ were statements that either state or describe, and were thus verifiable.17.In the historical development of language, sound change is inevitable, such as sound loss, sound a_ and sound movement.18.Slang is often perceived as a low or vulgar form of language and is deemed to be undesirable in f_ styles of language.19.D_ listening tests involve simultaneously presenting, through earphones, two different auditory signals, one to the right ear and the other to the left ear.20.At childrens language development, one-word utterances can be used to express a concept or predication similar to a sentence in adult speech. For example, a child might use the word “dada” to mean “Dada, come here”, “more” to mean “Give me more candy”. Those utterances can also be called h_ sentences.Directions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false in the bracket in front of each statement. If you think a statement is false, you must explain why you think so and give the correct version.(2%10=21.( )Language can be studied both synchronically and diachronically. The two approaches are equally favored by modern linguists.22. ( )Stress is a suprasegmental feature that is exclusively used with words, not with sentences.23. ( )A compound can be written as one word with or without a hyphen between its components, or as two separate words. It is simply a matter of convention.24. ( )Major lexical categories are closed categories because the number of lexical items in these categories is fixed and no new members are allowed for.25. ( )The important criteria to distinguish polysemy from homonymy are the etymology of the words in question and the closeness of the relationship between the meanings in question.26. ( )The significance of Grices Cooperative Principle lies in that it explains how it is possible for the speaker to convey more than is literally said.27. ( )The invention of steam-powered boats gave the verb sail an opportunity to extend its meaning to boats without sails. This example indicates that the meaning or semantic representation of words may become broader.28. ( )An official language is in fact a national language.29. ( )Generally speaking, left-handed people have their language centers in the left hemisphere of the brain.30. ( )A child born to a Chinese or English speaking family takes about the same number of years to acquire their native tongue, regardless of their general intelligence.Directions: Explain the following terms, using one or two examples for illustration.(3%10=31.phonemic contrast32.free morphemes33.hierarchi