Module 5 Look after yourself詞句精講精練詞匯精講 1. accident accident是名詞，意為“事故，意外的事，偶然的事”。例如： Two men died in the traffic accident. 兩個(gè)人在這起事故中喪生了。 【拓展】 by accident = by chance 意為“偶然地，無意中地”。 例如： He met one of his classmates in the street by accident. 在街上，他偶然遇到了他的一位同學(xué)。 My father met one of his old friends at the station by accident / chance. 我父親在火車站偶然遇到了他的一位老朋友。2. catch up catch up是不及物動(dòng)詞，意為“趕上，追上”；catch up with sb. 意為“趕上某人”。例如： Mom, where is Dad? 媽媽，爸爸在哪里？ Dont worry about him. Hell soon catch up. 別擔(dān)心他。他很快就會(huì)趕來的。 Go on ahead, Ill catch up with you. 你先走，我隨后趕上你。3. missing(1) missing 作形容詞，意為“丟失的，不見的”。 例如：It was only an hour or so later that I discovered that my gun was missing.僅僅約一個(gè)小時(shí)之后，我發(fā)現(xiàn)我的槍不見了。 (2) be missing= be gonelost 意為“丟失，不見了”。 My wallet is missinggonelost. 我的錢包不見了，丟了?！就卣埂?1) miss 作動(dòng)詞，意為“錯(cuò)過，沒趕上”。例如：He arrived too late and missed the train. 他到得太晚，錯(cuò)過了火車。The post office is next to the supermarket, and you cant miss it. 郵局緊挨著超市，你不會(huì)錯(cuò)過的。(2) miss作動(dòng)詞，意為“想念”。 You dont know how I miss you. 你不知道我是多么想念你。4.expect(1) expect表示“期待，期望”，通常為及物動(dòng)詞，直接接賓語，還可接不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：We should not expect success overnight. 我們不能期望一夜之間就取得成功。Thats just what we expected. 那正是我們所期望的。He expected her to go with him. 他期望她同他一起去。(2) expect還可表示“預(yù)計(jì)，預(yù)料”等，后接名詞或從句，接動(dòng)詞時(shí)要用不定式。例如：I expect a storm. 我預(yù)計(jì)會(huì)有場(chǎng)暴風(fēng)雨來。I expect that I will be back on Sunday. 我預(yù)計(jì)星期日回來。I didnt expect to find you here. 我沒料到在這里找到你。(3) expect后可接 that 從句，若從句謂語為否定，注意否定的轉(zhuǎn)移。例如：I dont expect that he has done such a thing. 我預(yù)料他不會(huì)干出這種事來。 5.effort(1) 表示一般性的努力(即表泛指意義)，通常是不可數(shù)名詞。若強(qiáng)調(diào)一次一次具體的努力，通常是可數(shù)名詞，尤其與all, these等修飾語連用。例如：His success depends upon effort and ability. 他是否成功取決于他的努力和能力。In spite of his efforts he failed. 他雖然做了努力，還是失敗了。（2）effort后接動(dòng)詞，通常用不定式，有時(shí)也用“at動(dòng)名詞”。例如：He made every effort to get it/ at getting it. 他竭盡全力想得到它。（3）表示“做出努力”時(shí)，通常“make an effort” 這樣的形式，該結(jié)構(gòu)中的不定冠詞(an)也可根據(jù)情況換成 another, every, one more, no 等限定詞，但不能沒有限定詞。例如：He decided to make one more effort. 他決定再做一次努力。She made every effort to be a good student. 她努力要做個(gè)好學(xué)生。【注意】若沒有限定詞，effort 就應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)。例如：The prisoner made efforts to escape, but he failed. 那個(gè)犯人企圖越獄，但沒有成功。6. thanks tothanks to是介詞短語，意為“多虧，由于”，thanks不可以改為thank you, to后接表示感謝的對(duì)象。例如：Thanks to the English language, we can learn a lot from other countries多虧英語語言,我們能從其它國家學(xué)到很多東西。Thanks to your help, I got a good mark in the exam. 多虧你的幫助，我考試取得了好成績(jī)?！就卣埂縯hanks for中的thanks相當(dāng)于 thank you, 意為“因而感謝”，其后可接名詞或動(dòng)詞的-ing形式。Thanks for your help謝謝你的幫助.Thanks for inviting us to your birthday party謝謝你邀請(qǐng)我們參加你的生日聚會(huì).7. requirerequire作動(dòng)詞，意為“需要，要求”，相當(dāng)于need，通常不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)。 (1) require + 名詞/代詞。 例如： These pets require a lot of care and attention. 這些寵物需要悉心照顧。 Do you require anything else? 你還需要什么嗎？ (2) require 后跟賓語從句時(shí)，從句要用 “should 的虛擬語氣”。例如：The boss required that she (should) keep it a secret. 老板要求她對(duì)此事保密。8. amount (1) amount用作名詞，其意為“數(shù)量、金額、總額”等，通常用于 an amount of； a (great, large) amount of ；amounts of這類結(jié)構(gòu)，其后通常接不可數(shù)名詞。例如：He made a large amount of money. 他賺了大量的錢。I had not expected such an amount of praise. 我沒料到受到這么多贊揚(yáng)。(2) amount用作動(dòng)詞，意為“合計(jì)、總計(jì) ”。例如： The number of the injured amounted to over one hundred. 受傷人數(shù)總計(jì)一百多。Building cost amounts to six million dollars. 建筑費(fèi)用達(dá)600 萬元。詞匯精練I. 英漢互譯。1. call off_ 2. 趕上_3. nothing serious _ 4. had better do sth. _5. 多虧_ 6. 至少_7. at the same time _ 8. plenty of _9. 醫(yī)療保障_ 10. once in a while_ II. 根據(jù)首字母提示，完成下列單詞的拼寫，使句意明確，語言通順。1. I thought we had an a_ to stay together. 2. It is c_ to sit on the sofa and watch TV. 3. In the past, peoples jobs r_ more physical effort. 4. Many people believe that h_ is important for our general health. 5. But all these e_ ended in failure. 6. The a_ of money should be written both in words and in figures.7. There is an old s_: “Laughter is the best medicine.” 8. The doctor told him to b_ in deeply. III. 用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. My mother asked me what was _(miss). 2. We had better _ (get) you to hospital. 3. He is _ (lie) on the ground. 4. He was _ (luck) to pass the exam. 5. We should take more exercise _(keep) fit. 6. You cant expect _(turn) the clock back. 7. She _ (work) in a bank since she left school. 8. Fish _(die) without water. 參考答案I. 英漢互譯。1.取消 2. catch up 3. 沒什么嚴(yán)重的 4. 最好做某事 5. thanks to6. at least 7. 同時(shí) 8. 大量 9. health care 10. 有時(shí)，偶爾II. 根據(jù)首字母提示，完成下列單詞的拼寫，使句意明確，語言通順。1.agreement 2. comfortable 3. required 4. happiness5.efforts 6. amount 7. saying 8. breathe III. 用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.missing 2. get 3. lying 4. lucky5. to keep 6. to turn 7.has worked 8. will die句式精講1. They were walking more slowly than us.該句時(shí)態(tài)是過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，表示說話人在過去某個(gè)時(shí)刻或某一階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。這一特定時(shí)間除了有上下文外，經(jīng)常和表示過去時(shí)間的狀語then，a moment ago，at this time yesterday，at ten last night，at that time/ moment等連用。例如：What were you doing at this time yesterday? 昨天這個(gè)時(shí)候你正在做什么？I was cooking with my mother. 我正和我媽媽一起做飯?！就卣埂浚?）過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表某一行為的“片斷”,一般過去時(shí)表示行為的“整體”和存在的狀態(tài)。例如： I was reading the book at that time. (未讀完，“讀”的片段) I read the book yesterday. (已讀完，表整個(gè)“讀”) (2) 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)多與一段持續(xù)的時(shí)間狀語連用。 例如：It was raining all night. 整個(gè)晚上在下雨。He was writing a letter the whole of afternoon. 他整個(gè)下午在寫信。 (3) while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句常用在過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。例如： He broke a chair while he was jumping up and down. 他在跳上跳下的過程中弄壞了椅子。(4) while所在主從句動(dòng)作持續(xù)相等時(shí)間時(shí)，主從句一般都用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)；如果兩個(gè)動(dòng)作一長(zhǎng)一短時(shí)，經(jīng)常是短的用一般過去時(shí)，長(zhǎng)的用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。 例如： I was cooking the dinner while he was playing the piano. 他在彈鋼琴時(shí)我在做飯。 I saw him while I was walking to the station. 我在去往車站時(shí)看見了他。2. Hes hit his head and his leg hurts.（1）hurt作及物動(dòng)詞，意為“使受傷，使疼痛，傷感情”。例如：No one was seriously hurt in the traffic accident. 在這次交通事故中沒有人受重傷。 The tight shoe hurt my foot. 這只鞋太緊,把我的腳擠疼了。 His words hurt her feelings. 他無意中傷了她的感情。 （2）hurt作不及物動(dòng)詞，意為“疼痛”。例如：My right leg hurts. 我右腿疼。 【拓展】hurt; injure與wound的辨析：(1) hurt為普通用語，既可指肉體上的傷害，也可指精神上、感情上的傷害。例如： You hurt her feelings when you said she was fat. 你說她胖，傷害了她的感情了。(2) injure比hurt正式，hurt多指?jìng)?，而injure則指損害健康、成就、容貌等，強(qiáng)調(diào)功能的損失。例如： She has an injured leg. 她的一條腿受傷了。(3) wound指槍傷、刀傷、刺傷等皮肉之傷，是出血的、嚴(yán)重的傷，特指戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上受傷。例如： The bullet wounded him in the shoulder. 子彈打傷了他的肩膀。3. Wed better get you to hospital.had better(常簡(jiǎn)略為d better)是一固定詞組，had better意為“最好”，用于表示對(duì)別人的勸告、建議或表示一種愿望。其用法有以下幾點(diǎn)：(1) had better后面必須跟動(dòng)詞原形，構(gòu)成had better do sth.句型。這里的had不能用have來替換。例如： Youd better go to hospital at once. 你最好立即去醫(yī)院看病。Tom, youd better go there today. 湯姆，你最好今天去那里。(2) 主語不論是第幾人稱，句子不論是什么時(shí)態(tài)，都要用had better的形式。例如：Now you(he; we) had better listen to the teacher. 你(他，我們)現(xiàn)在最好聽老師講。4. It harms nearly every part of your body.（1）harm作名詞，意為“傷害”。常用搭配：do harm to sb =do sb harm該結(jié)構(gòu)表示“對(duì)某人有害”。例如： His failures did his reputation a lot of harm.他屢次失敗使他的聲譽(yù)受到很大損害。Smoking does harm to your health.吸煙對(duì)你的身體有害。Whether it will do us harm remains to be seen.是否對(duì)我們有害還要看一看。（2）harm 作動(dòng)詞，意為“使受到傷害，損害”。例如：Dont harm your eyes by reading in dim light.  不要在昏暗的燈光下看書,以免損害眼睛。   I have never harmed anybody. 我從未傷害過任何人。   There was a fire in our street, but no one was harmed.  我們街里曾發(fā)生過火災(zāi),但沒人受傷。 5. I want to ask you to stop smoking.(1) stop的后面可以用動(dòng)詞不定式也可以用動(dòng)名詞作賓語。stop doing表示“停止正在做的事情”；stop to do表示“停下來開始做”的意思。例如：Now lets stop reading. 現(xiàn)在咱們停止讀書。Our teacher stopped to look at the boy. 老師停下來看了看那個(gè)男孩。（2）stop還可以構(gòu)成短語stop somebody/something from doing something表示“阻止某人做某事或者阻止某事發(fā)生”。例如：The trees and grasses can stop the wind from blowing the earth away. 樹和草可以阻止風(fēng)把土吹走。6. think + 從句(1) think后所加的從句是賓語從句，意為“認(rèn)為”。例如： I think he is a good boy. 我認(rèn)為他是一個(gè)好孩子。(2) 當(dāng)think后接的賓語從句為含有not的否定句時(shí)，該否定應(yīng)移至主句，即否定主句的謂語動(dòng)詞。例如：I dont think it will rain tomorrow. 我認(rèn)為明天不會(huì)下雨。I dont think you are right. 我認(rèn)為你不對(duì)?！就卣埂縯hink后經(jīng)常用it作形式賓語，即“ think it(形式賓語) + adj. + for sb. + 動(dòng)詞不定式”意為“某人認(rèn)為如何”。例如： Do you think it useful for us to read more books? 你認(rèn)為我們多讀書有用嗎？句式精練I. 根據(jù)漢語提示，完成英語句子（每空一詞）。1. 你最好躺在床上休息。 You _ _ _ in bed to have a rest.2. 我們同時(shí)到達(dá)那里。 We got there _ _ _ _.3. 結(jié)果他成功了。 _ _ _, he succeeded.4. 他在學(xué)英語方面有困難。 He _ _ _ _ English.5. 換句話說，我們?cè)撆W(xué)習(xí)了。_ _ _, its time for us to study hard.6. 不要吃太多的垃圾食品，它對(duì)身體有害。Dont eat_ _ junk food, its _ _health.7. 為了保持健康，你必須戒煙。_ _ _,you have to give up_.8. 那樣的書對(duì)年青人危害很大。Such books do_ _ _ young people.9. 當(dāng)那個(gè)嬰兒看到他的母親時(shí)，他停止了哭。When the baby saw his mother，he_ _.10. 我認(rèn)為你不是真正健康的人，所以你應(yīng)該多鍛煉。I_ _ you _a really well man, so you should do more exercise. II. 句型轉(zhuǎn)換，每空一詞。1. Mary came to China three years ago. (改為同義句) Mary has _ _ _ since three years ago.2. Having a good rest is impossible for me. (改為由it作形式主語的簡(jiǎn)單句) _ _ _ for me _ _ a good rest.3. If you work hard, youll get better grades. (改為祈使句) _ _, and youll get better grades.4. I will go to the zoo. It wont rain tomorrow. (用if連接兩個(gè)句子) I will go to the zoo _ it _ rain tomorrow.5. The boy lost his wallet. He didnt know that. (合并為并列句) The boy lost his wallet, _ he didnt know that.6. They will be back in ten days. (對(duì)劃線部分提問) _ _ _ they be back?7. The meat smells terrible. (改為否定句) The meat _ _ terrible.8. It took Jenny half an hour to ride a bike to school. (對(duì)劃線部分提問) _ _ did it take Jenny to ride a bike to school?III. 補(bǔ)全對(duì)話。根據(jù)上下文補(bǔ)全對(duì)話。Jack: Hi, Claire, 1. _?Claire: Hmm . next week? Oh, its quite full for me, Jack.Jack: Really? 2. _? Claire: I have dance and piano lessons.Jack: 3. _?Claire: Im learning swing dance. Its fun! I have class once a week every Monday.Jack: How often do you have piano lessons? Claire: 4._, on Wednesday and Thursday.Jack: Well, how about Tuesday?Claire: Oh, I have to play tennis with my friends. But do you want to come?Jack: 5._! Im glad to.參考答案I. 根據(jù)漢語提示，完成英語句子（每空一詞）。1. had better lie 2. at the same time 3. As a result4. has/had difficulty in learning 5. In other words 6. too much, bad for 7. To keep fit/healthy, smoking 8. great harm to 9. stopped crying 10. dont think, areII. 句型轉(zhuǎn)換，每空一詞。1. been in China 2. It is impossible; to have 3. Work hard 4. if; doesnt 5. but 6. How soon will 7. doesnt smell 8. How longIII. 補(bǔ)全對(duì)話。1. are you free next week/ do you have time next week?2. How come/ Why / Whats up/ What will you do?3. What kind of dance are you learning/ What dance are you learning?4. Twice a week5. Sure/ Of course/ Certainly/Yes !7