會計(jì)學(xué)1新概念新概念2 第第53課課 課件課件adj. 帶電的，通電的帶電的，通電的n. 消防隊(duì)員消防隊(duì)員v. 引起；引起； n. 原因原因v. 檢查檢查adv. 意外地，偶然地意外地，偶然地n. 尸體，殘骸尸體，殘骸v. 纏繞纏繞n. 電線電線n. 伏特（電壓單位）伏特（電壓單位）電力線電力線v. 解決解決n. 謎謎v. 抓住抓住n. 電火花電火花第1頁/共51頁第2頁/共51頁第3頁/共51頁第4頁/共51頁reason : The cause of sth 的起因的起因The reason for sth 的理由的理由第5頁/共51頁n. exam 第6頁/共51頁第7頁/共51頁第8頁/共51頁第9頁/共51頁第10頁/共51頁第11頁/共51頁第12頁/共51頁He snathed a kiss from her.第13頁/共51頁,第14頁/共51頁現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)構(gòu)成：構(gòu)成：have/has been+doing含義：含義：1）表示從過去某時(shí)開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的）表示從過去某時(shí)開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作，并且還將持續(xù)下去。動作，并且還將持續(xù)下去。2）表示在說話時(shí)刻之前到現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的）表示在說話時(shí)刻之前到現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動作。動作。第15頁/共51頁與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別I have been writing a book.我一直在寫一本書。我一直在寫一本書。（動作還將繼續(xù)下去）（動作還將繼續(xù)下去） I have written a book.我已經(jīng)寫了一本書。我已經(jīng)寫了一本書。（動作已經(jīng)完成（動作已經(jīng)完成第16頁/共51頁1. At last firemen have put out a big forest fire in California. 消防隊(duì)員們終于撲滅了加利福尼亞的一場森林大火。消防隊(duì)員們終于撲滅了加利福尼亞的一場森林大火。 （1）at last（終于，到底）表示經(jīng)過一番努力之后。（終于，到底）表示經(jīng)過一番努力之后。 （2）put out可以表示可以表示“撲滅撲滅”、“熄滅熄滅”、“關(guān)掉關(guān)掉”等含義：等含義： Please put the light/ fire out. 請把燈關(guān)掉把火滅掉。請把燈關(guān)掉把火滅掉。 （3）forest雖然是名詞，但在句中起形容詞的作用，修雖然是名詞，但在句中起形容詞的作用，修飾飾fire。 第17頁/共51頁2. Since then, they have been trying to find out how the fire began. 從那時(shí)起，他們一直試圖找出起火的原因。從那時(shí)起，他們一直試圖找出起火的原因。 since then 從那時(shí)起，到現(xiàn)在為止從那時(shí)起，到現(xiàn)在為止find out （經(jīng)過研究、努力等）找出，發(fā)現(xiàn)，查出（經(jīng)過研究、努力等）找出，發(fā)現(xiàn)，查出我會試著查出昨天救了我的人的名字。我會試著查出昨天救了我的人的名字。Ill try and find out the name of the person who saved my life yesterday.第18頁/共51頁3. Forest fires are often caused by broken glass or by cigarette ends which people carelessly throw away. 森林火災(zāi)時(shí)常由破碎的玻璃或人們隨手扔掉的香煙頭引森林火災(zāi)時(shí)常由破碎的玻璃或人們隨手扔掉的香煙頭引起。起。 cigarette ends 煙頭煙頭Throw away 扔掉，丟棄扔掉，丟棄Throw about 隨處扔隨處扔Throw at 扔向（有目標(biāo)性）扔向（有目標(biāo)性）Throw to 扔向（無目標(biāo)性扔向（無目標(biāo)性第19頁/共51頁4. Yesterday the firemen examined the ground carefully, but were not able to find any broken glass. 昨天，消防隊(duì)員仔細(xì)查看了地面，但未能發(fā)現(xiàn)碎玻璃。昨天，消防隊(duì)員仔細(xì)查看了地面，但未能發(fā)現(xiàn)碎玻璃。 examine v. 檢查，名詞形式是檢查，名詞形式是examination, 通常簡寫成通常簡寫成exam, 表示考試。表示考試。 be able to 能夠能夠 ；be not able to 沒有能夠沒有能夠第20頁/共51頁5. They were also quite sure that a cigarette end did not start the fire. 他們還十分肯定火災(zāi)也不是由煙頭引起的。他們還十分肯定火災(zāi)也不是由煙頭引起的。 quite sure 相當(dāng)?shù)陌盐招韵喈?dāng)?shù)陌盐招詓tart a firecause a fire start vt. 使使發(fā)生，引起發(fā)生，引起第21頁/共51頁6. This morning, however, a fireman accidentally discovered the cause. 然而今天上午，一個(gè)消防隊(duì)員偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)了起火的原因。然而今天上午，一個(gè)消防隊(duì)員偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)了起火的原因。 Accidentally 表示事情出乎意料地發(fā)生，即表示事情出乎意料地發(fā)生，即 “意外地、意外地、偶然地偶然地” discover含有偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)（某個(gè)已經(jīng)存在的東西）的意思含有偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)（某個(gè)已經(jīng)存在的東西）的意思，在，在discover前面加上前面加上accidentally更加強(qiáng)了更加強(qiáng)了“偶然性偶然性”和和“意外性意外性”。 第22頁/共51頁7. he noticed the remains of a snake which was wound round the electric wires of a 16,.000-volt power line. 他發(fā)現(xiàn)了纏繞在16，000伏高壓線上的一條死蛇。 the remains表示表示“尸體尸體”、“殘骸殘骸”，必須用復(fù)數(shù)形，必須用復(fù)數(shù)形式式wound為為wind的過去分詞。的過去分詞。wind在這里不表示在這里不表示“蜿蜒蜿蜒”，而表示，而表示“卷在卷在上上”、“纏繞纏繞”，常與，常與aroundround連用：連用： Did you wind this piece of wire round the tree? 是你把這根鐵絲纏在樹上的嗎？是你把這根鐵絲纏在樹上的嗎？ 第23頁/共51頁8. In this way, he was able to solve the mystery. The explanation was simple but very unusual. 就這樣，他解開了起火之謎。解釋很簡單，卻異就這樣，他解開了起火之謎。解釋很簡單，卻異乎尋常。乎尋常。 Solve v. 解決解決 e.g. solve the problem 解決問題解決問題 第24頁/共51頁9. A bird had snatched up the snake from the ground and then dropped it on to the wires. 一只鳥把蛇從地上抓起來，然后把它扔到了電線上。于一只鳥把蛇從地上抓起來，然后把它扔到了電線上。于是蛇就纏住了幾根電線。是蛇就纏住了幾根電線。 snatch v. 抓抓 The man snatched her purse and ran. 那人抓起她的錢包就跑。（強(qiáng)調(diào)動作很快很猛）那人抓起她的錢包就跑。（強(qiáng)調(diào)動作很快很猛） drop & fall a. drop 表示表示 “使落下、使掉落使落下、使掉落”，是及物動詞，是及物動詞, 帶賓語帶賓語： He dropped the bag. b. fall 表示表示 “掉下、跌倒掉下、跌倒”，是不及物動詞，不能帶賓，是不及物動詞，不能帶賓語。語。 He fell down the stairs and broke his leg. 第25頁/共51頁10. The snake then wound itself round the wires. When it did so, it sent sparks down to the ground and these immediately started a fire. 于是蛇就纏住了幾根電線。當(dāng)它這樣做時(shí)，把火花送到于是蛇就纏住了幾根電線。當(dāng)它這樣做時(shí)，把火花送到了地面，這些火花立刻引起了一場大火。了地面，這些火花立刻引起了一場大火。 When it did so當(dāng)它這樣做時(shí)當(dāng)它這樣做時(shí) so常用于一些動詞之后，代指前面提過的某個(gè)動作某常用于一些動詞之后，代指前面提過的某個(gè)動作某件事，以免重復(fù)：件事，以免重復(fù)： Has Susan got into University? I believe / think so. 第26頁/共51頁本課所需掌握詞組本課所需掌握詞組: put out in this way since then solve the mystery find out snatch up throw away wind round 第27頁/共51頁Comprehension questions1 Where was there a big forest fire? In California. 2 Have firemen put it out? Yes, they have. 3 What have they been trying to find out since then? How the fire began. 4 What are forest fires often caused by? Broken glass or cigarette ends. 第28頁/共51頁5 People are careless, arent they? Yes, they are. 6 When did the firemen examine the ground? Yesterday. 7 Did they find any broken glass? No, they didnt. 8 Did they think a cigarette end started the fire? No, theydidnt. 第29頁/共51頁9 They were quite sure it didnt, werent they?(Yes, they were. )10 When was the cause discovered? (This morning. )11 Who discovered it? (A fireman did. )12 Was it what he was looking for? (No, it wasnt. )第30頁/共51頁13 What did he notice? The remains of a snake which was wound round the electric wires of a 16, 000-volt power line. 第31頁/共51頁Asking questions：Ask me if T： theres been a big forest fire in California.S：Has there been a big forest fire in California?T：Where ?S：Where has been a big forest fire? 第32頁/共51頁1 theres been a big forest fire in California. Where2 firemen have put it out. What / Who3 theyve been trying to discover the cause. What / Who4 fires are often caused by broken glass. What by / How / What5 theyre also caused by cigarette ends. What else第33頁/共51頁6 the firemen examined the ground yesteday. When /What/ Who7 they looked for broken glass. What8 a fireman discovered the cause accidentally. How / What / Who第34頁/共51頁Key to Summary writingNow that firemen have put out a big forest fire in California,they have been trying to discover its cause. There was no evidencethat it was started by broken glass or a cigarette end. However a fireman has just solved the mystery. He noticed the remains of a snake which had been dropped by a bird on to some electric wires. In winding itself round the wires, the snake had sent sparks to the ground and this caused the fire.第35頁/共51頁Key to KS ExercisesAWhat happened：began(1. 2); examined(1. 4);were not able tofind(1. 5); did not start(1. 6); discovered (1. 7); noticed(1.8);was wound(1. 8); was able to s olve(1. 9);dropped(1. 10); wound(1.11);it did so(1. 11); sent(1. 11);started (1. 11)What has happened：have put out(1. 1)What has been happening：have been trying to find(1. 2)第36頁/共51頁CJack looked at his watch for the twentieth time. Suddenly Jill arrived. Ive been waiting for over an hour, he said angrily. You never come on time. Oh, is that so?Jill answered. Were you here at 2. 30? Jack went red. Well, he said, I got here five minutes late myself, but you werent here. I came here at exactly 2. 30, Jill said, and I waited for five minutes, but you didnt come. What have you been doing since then? Jack asked. Ive just been to the hairdressers，Jill answered brightly.第37頁/共51頁1. c 根據(jù)課文第二行 they have been trying to find out how the fire began 可以判斷出只有c. wanted to find out what had caused the fire 最能說明消防隊(duì)員仔細(xì)查看地面的原因，其他3個(gè)選擇都不夠全面。第38頁/共51頁2. d 根據(jù)課文第根據(jù)課文第10-12行行A bird had snatched up the snake from the ground and then dropped it on to the wires When it I did so, it sent sparks down to the ground and these immediately started a fire 可以判斷只有可以判斷只有d. a snake which had been dropped on to the wires by a bird 與課文的實(shí)際內(nèi)容相符，只有它是引起火災(zāi)與課文的實(shí)際內(nèi)容相符，只有它是引起火災(zāi)的原因，其他的原因，其他3個(gè)選擇都不符合課文的實(shí)際內(nèi)個(gè)選擇都不符合課文的實(shí)際內(nèi)容。容。 第39頁/共51頁3. a 只有a. since最合乎題目意思和語法。因?yàn)楸揪涫乾F(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，只有since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間短語最適合于完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，表示“自從以來”，所以應(yīng)該選a.其他3個(gè)選擇都不能引導(dǎo)合適的時(shí)間短語。第40頁/共51頁4. c 本句表示時(shí)間的詞是本句表示時(shí)間的詞是often, 表示經(jīng)表示經(jīng)常性的動作，因此應(yīng)該用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。常性的動作，因此應(yīng)該用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 a. is causing 是進(jìn)行時(shí)，是進(jìn)行時(shí)，b. has caused 是完成時(shí)，是完成時(shí)，d. is caused by 是是現(xiàn)在時(shí)被動語態(tài)，而本句需要主動語態(tài)現(xiàn)在時(shí)被動語態(tài)，而本句需要主動語態(tài)。 只有只有c. causes 是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，第是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，第3人稱單數(shù)形式，本句人稱單數(shù)形式，本句的主語的主語Broken glass 是單數(shù)，所以是單數(shù)，所以c.最最符合語法，所以選符合語法，所以選c.第41頁/共51頁5. c a. almost certain(幾乎肯定幾乎肯定)， b. fairly certain(相當(dāng)肯定相當(dāng)肯定)，c. completely certain(完全肯定完全肯定)， d. nearly certain(幾幾乎肯定乎肯定)4個(gè)選擇中只有個(gè)選擇中只有c. 同前一句中的同前一句中的quite sure(十分確信十分確信)意義最接近，所以意義最接近，所以選選c.第42頁/共51頁6. c 只有只有c. succeeded in solving it (成功解決了它成功解決了它)同前一句中的同前一句中的 was able to solve the mystery (解開了這個(gè)謎解開了這個(gè)謎)的含義相同的含義相同，所以，所以c.是正確答案。是正確答案。 其他其他3個(gè)選擇個(gè)選擇都與前一句意思不符。都與前一句意思不符。第43頁/共51頁7. d 只有只有d. on是對的是對的,因?yàn)樗竺娴脑~因?yàn)樗竺娴脑~是是the ground,表示在地面上表示在地面上,只能用介詞只能用介詞on.其他其他3個(gè)選擇都不符合題目意思個(gè)選擇都不符合題目意思.The snake had been on the ground.這這條蛇在地面上。條蛇在地面上。 注意本句說的是在蛇被抓起之前，它在哪注意本句說的是在蛇被抓起之前，它在哪？它在地面上。？它在地面上。第44頁/共51頁8. c a. controlled it (控制了它控制了它)；b. checked it (制止了它制止了它); c. extinguished it (撲滅了它撲滅了它)；d. turned it off (關(guān)掉，關(guān)關(guān)掉，關(guān)上它上它)，只有，只有c. extinguished it 與前面與前面一句中的一句中的 put out the fire (把火撲滅把火撲滅) 意義相同，所以意義相同，所以選選c.第45頁/共51頁9. d 只有d. this morning 今天早上, 是正確的表達(dá)方式.其它3個(gè)選擇都不符合習(xí)慣用法,都不是正確的表達(dá)方式.所以選d.第46頁/共51頁10. a a. by chance (偶然)，b. chancily (沒有這個(gè)詞)；c. fortunately (幸運(yùn)地) 和d. luckily (僥幸地，幸運(yùn)地)這4個(gè)選擇中只有a. by chance 同前一句中的accidentally (偶然地)意義相同，所以選a.第47頁/共51頁11. c 前一句的短語In this way 是用這種方法,本句需要選一個(gè)同這一短語含義相符合的短語. a. Thats so 就是如此 b. like this 像這樣 d. so 因此, 這3個(gè)選擇都不符合題目意思. 只有c. Thats how(那就是.的方法)同In this way 的含義相符合,因?yàn)閔ow 相當(dāng)于the way in which ,所以選c.第48頁/共51頁12. c a. taken(拿), b. pulled(拉,拖), c. seized(抓住)和d. carried(攜帶)4個(gè)選擇中只有c. seized同前一句的snatched(抓住)意義相同,所以選c. 第49頁/共51頁第50頁/共51頁