八年級(jí)(上)　Units 7—8 中考基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)梳理 類別 課標(biāo)考點(diǎn)要求 詞 匯 攻 關(guān) 1.pollute(v.)→____pollution__(n.)污染；污染物★ 2.peace(n.)→__peaceful__(adj.)和平的 3.inside(adv.& prep.)→__outside__(反義詞)在……外面★ 4.celebrate(v.)→__celebration__(n.)慶?！? 5.possible(adj.)→__impossible__(反義詞)不可能存在或發(fā)生的；不可能的★ 6.hole(n.)→__whole__(同音詞)(adj.)全部的 7.travel(v.& n．)→__traveler/traveller__(n.)漂泊者；旅行者；游客★ 8.fill(v.)→__full__(adj.)滿的；充滿的 9.fall(v.& n．)→__fell__(過(guò)去式)★ →__fallen__(過(guò)去分詞)倒塌；跌倒；掉落 10.salt(n.)→__salty__(adj.)咸的 11.tradition(n.)→__traditional__(adj.)傳統(tǒng)的；慣例的★ →__unbelievable__(adj.的反義詞)不可信任的 12.believe(v.)→__believable__(adj.)可信任的 13.environment(n.)→__environmental__(adj.)環(huán)境的 14.Japan(n.)→__Japanese__(adj.& n．)日本(人)的；日本人 15.disagree(v.)→__disagreement__(n.)意見不同；不一致 16.danger(n.)→__dangerous__(adj.)有危險(xiǎn)的；不安全的★ 17.final(adj.)→__finally__(adv.)最后；最終★ 18.shake(n.& v．)→__shook__(過(guò)去式) →__shaken__(過(guò)去分詞)搖動(dòng)；抖動(dòng) 19.serve(v.)→__servant__(n.)仆人 20.agree(v.)→__disagree__(反義詞)不同意；持不同意見；有分歧 →__agreement__(n.)同意；協(xié)議 21.possible(adj.)→__impossible__(adj.的反義詞)不可能的 短 語(yǔ) 歸 納 1.參與；發(fā)揮作用__play__a__part__ 2.在未來(lái)；在將來(lái)__in__the__future__ 3.太空站；宇宙空間站__space__station__ 4.多次；反復(fù)地__over__and__over__again__ 5.醒來(lái)；喚醒__wake__up__ 6.不同意__disagree__with__ 7.突然倒下；跌倒；倒塌__fall__down__ 8.尋找；尋求__look__for__ 9.奶昔__milk__shake__ 10.接通(電流、煤氣、水等)；打開__turn__on__ 11.把……倒入……__pour…into…__ 12.取出；拿出__take__out__ 13.一片(塊、張)……__a__piece__of__ 14.用……裝滿……__fill…with…__ 15.活到兩百歲 __live__to__be__200__years__old__ 16.免費(fèi)的__be__free__ 17.許多；大量__hundreds__of__ 18.處于極大危險(xiǎn)中 __be__in__great__danger__ 19.看起來(lái)像__look__like__ 20.此時(shí)__at__this__time__ 21.用……覆蓋…… __cover…with…__ 22.一個(gè)接一個(gè)地__one__by__one__ 句 型 再 現(xiàn) (　 含 情 景 交 際 )　 　 1.(詢問(wèn)未來(lái)的生活)“100年后人們還會(huì)使用錢嗎？”“不會(huì)。一切都將是免費(fèi)的?！? —__Will__ people __use__ money __in__100__years__？ —No，__they__won't__.Everything will __be__free__. 2.(詢問(wèn)未來(lái)的生活)“人們會(huì)活到200歲嗎？”“會(huì)?！? —Will people __live__to__be__ 200 years old？ —Yes，__they__will__. 3.每一個(gè)人都應(yīng)當(dāng)盡一份力來(lái)拯救地球。 Everyone should __play__a__part__in__saving__ the earth. 4.(詢問(wèn)未來(lái)的生活)“世界會(huì)和平嗎？”“會(huì)的，我希望如此?！? —__Will__there__be__world peace？ —Yes，__I__hope__so__. 5.現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)有機(jī)器人在工廠工作了。 Today __there__are__already__robots__working__ in factories. 6.例如，科學(xué)家詹姆斯·懷特認(rèn)為機(jī)器人將決不會(huì)醒來(lái)和知道它們?cè)谀睦铩? For example，scientist James White thinks that robots will never __be__able__to__wake__up__ and know where they are. 7.一些看上去像人，其他的一些可能看上去像動(dòng)物。 __Some__ will look like humans，and __others__might look like animals. 8.(詢問(wèn)制作過(guò)程)“你是如何做香蕉奶昔的？”“首先，……接下來(lái)，……然后，……最后，……” —__How__do__you__make__ a banana milk shake？ —First，…Next，…Then，…Finally，… 9.我們需要多少蘋果？ __How__many__apples__ do we need？ 10.然后加入卷心菜、西紅柿和洋蔥，再煮上10分鐘。 Then，add the cabbage，tomatoes and onion and __cook__for__another__10__minutes__. 11.你知道如何種樹嗎？ Do you know __how__to__plant__a__tree__？ 12.現(xiàn)在，到了享受米線的時(shí)候了！ Now，__it's__time__to__enjoy__ the rice noodles！ 13.(詢問(wèn)未來(lái)的生活)“未來(lái)將會(huì)是什么樣的呢？”“城市將會(huì)有更多污染。并且樹木會(huì)變得更少?！? —What __will__　the future __be__like__？ —Cities will be more polluted.And there will be __fewer__ __trees__. 14.這在二十年前是不可能的，但是計(jì)算機(jī)和火箭在一百年前似乎也是不可能的。 This was not possible 20 years ago，but computers and rockets also __seemed__impossible__100 years ago. 15.這是為感恩節(jié)主食制作火雞的一種方法。 __Here__is__one__way__to__make turkey for a Thanksgiving dinner. 語(yǔ)法 1.一般將來(lái)時(shí)(will)(詳見第二編P128) 2.使用more，less，fewer表示數(shù)量(詳見第一編P37) 3.可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞(詳見第二編P95) 4.祈使句(詳見第二編P136) 5.How many/How much引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問(wèn)句(詳見第二編P135) 6.表示序列的副詞 話題 Unit 7 Life in the future(未來(lái)的生活)★ Unit 8 Cooking(烹飪) 素材包 憧憬自己未來(lái)的生活： 1.In 10 years，my dream will come true. 2.Last but not least，maybe I will have a robot. 3.I'll live in somewhere quiet with my family because I don't like noisy places. 4.I will have many hobbies，such as listening to music，collecting stamps and so on. 5.I will have a good job as a writer because reading and writing are my favorites. 6.I think I will live a pleasant and healthy life. 貴陽(yáng)中考重難點(diǎn)突破 　fall的用法(教材八上P53) 【滿分點(diǎn)撥】 fall 作為不及物動(dòng)詞，常與副詞或介詞連用。常見的含有fall的短語(yǔ)如下： fall的短語(yǔ)fall asleep入睡 fall ill生病 fall behind落后 fall down/over跌倒 fall off減少；跌落；下降 fall into掉入；陷入 fall asleep，fall off，fall down 1．He __fell________down__ from the horse and hurt his legs. 2．Don't stand on the chair，or you will __fall__off__ the chair. 3．My mother was so tired that she __fell__asleep__ as soon as she went to bed. 　hundreds of的用法(教材八上P53) 【滿分點(diǎn)撥】 確數(shù)與約數(shù)的表達(dá)： (1)hundred，thousand，million，billion等數(shù)詞，前面有具體的數(shù)字修飾，表示確數(shù)，其后不加­s，不和of連用。 (2)若表示一個(gè)約數(shù)，前面沒(méi)有具體數(shù)字時(shí)，其后要加­s，而且與of連用。 1．The volunteers sent __hundreds__(hundred) of books to a mountain village school on Children's Day. 2．Two __hundred__(hundred) volunteers will give out leaflets(傳單) to ask people to protect the wetlands. ( C )3.(熱點(diǎn)人物題)______ fans were waiting for Chen Linong at the airport. A．Hundred of 　　　B．Two hundreds C．Hundreds of 　辨析turn on，turn off，turn up與turn down(教材八上P57) 【滿分點(diǎn)撥】 turn on意為“接通(電流、煤氣、水等)；打開”，其反義詞組為turn off。turn down意為“(把收音機(jī)的音量、燈等)關(guān)小、調(diào)低”，其反義詞組為turn up。這些短語(yǔ)中on，off，up，down均為副詞，后接代詞時(shí)，應(yīng)放在詞組中間；后接名詞時(shí)，放中間放后面均可。如： She sat down and turned up the radio.她坐下來(lái)，把收音機(jī)聲音開大。 The radio is too loud.Can you turn it down a little？收音機(jī)聲音太大，你能關(guān)小一點(diǎn)嗎？ Turn up the radio.＝Turn the radio up.把收音機(jī)的聲音調(diào)大一點(diǎn)。 1．Mom，I want to watch the news on TV.Can I __turn________on__(打開) the TV now? 2．I can hardly hear the radio.Could you please __turn__ it __up__(開大)? ( B )3.(2019預(yù)測(cè))—Remember to ______ the lights when you leave the room. —OK！I will. A．turn on B．turn off C．turn up ( B )4.(2018瀘州中考改編)—The baby is sleeping.Please ______ the radio. —Sorry，I'll do it right now. A．turn up B．turn down C．turn on 　agree的用法(教材八上P53) 【滿分點(diǎn)撥】 詞組 用法 例句 agree with 表示同意某人或某人的意見、想法、分析、解釋等(即持同一觀點(diǎn)) I quite agree with you.我完全同意你的意見。 表示“(食物、天氣、工作等)對(duì)……適宜” The food does not agree with me.這食物對(duì)我不適合。 表示“與……一致” His story agrees with the facts.他的敘述與事實(shí)相符。 agree to agree to＋某些名詞，表示同意某事 He agreed to the plan.他同意了這個(gè)計(jì)劃。 agree to＋動(dòng)詞原形，表示同意做某事 We agreed to leave early.我們同意早點(diǎn)出發(fā)。 agree on 主要指雙方通過(guò)協(xié)商而取得一致意見或達(dá)成協(xié)議 Both sides agreed on these terms.雙方就這些條件達(dá)成共識(shí)。 agree on＋動(dòng)名詞＝agree to＋動(dòng)詞原形 He agreed on helping us.＝He agreed to help us.他同意幫助我們。 to，with，on 1．My mother agreed __to__　buy a new pen for me yesterday. 2．I'm afraid I couldn't agree __with__　you on this point. 3．The two sides didn't agree __on__　the date of the meeting. ( B )4.—I think students can have mobile phones to help with their studies. —______．They often use them to play games. A．I think so 　　　B．I don't agree C．That's a good idea 　Do you think there will be robots in people's homes？你認(rèn)為人們家里將會(huì)有機(jī)器人嗎？(教材八上P49) 【滿分點(diǎn)撥】 (1)本句是一個(gè)含有賓語(yǔ)從句的主從復(fù)合句，“Do you think”是主句，“there will be…”是賓語(yǔ)從句。 (2)there will be意為“將有；會(huì)有”，是there be句型的一般將來(lái)時(shí)，其否定形式是“there won't be…”，有時(shí)可以與“there is/are going to be…”互相轉(zhuǎn)換。一般疑問(wèn)句形式是“will there be…？”。 【溫馨提示】 如果“do you think”放在句中，則為插入語(yǔ)，常放在疑問(wèn)詞之后，結(jié)構(gòu)為：疑問(wèn)詞＋do you think＋主語(yǔ)＋謂語(yǔ)＋其他成分？如： What time do you think the train will arrive here？你認(rèn)為火車什么時(shí)間到達(dá)這里？ ( B )1.There ______ some good advice about how to reduce air pollution on the Internet. A．a(chǎn)re B．is C．have ( B )2.(2019預(yù)測(cè))There______a sports meeting next week if it______． A．is going to have；doesn't rain B．is going to be；doesn't rain C．is going to be；won't rain 　There will be fewer people.將會(huì)有更少的人。(教材八上P50) 【滿分點(diǎn)撥】 辨析more，fewer與less 單詞 用法 例句 more more是many和much的比較級(jí)，意為“更多的”，可修飾可數(shù)名詞或者不可數(shù)名詞 We need more money for his illness.我們需要更多的錢為他治病。 fewer fewer是few的比較級(jí)，意為“較少的；更少的”，修飾可數(shù)名詞 I think you have fewer vegetables than before.我認(rèn)為你比以前吃的蔬菜更少。 less less是little的比較級(jí)，意為“較少的；更少的”，修飾不可數(shù)名詞 I spent less time with my friends last month.上個(gè)月我和朋友在一起度過(guò)的時(shí)間比較少。 1．(初高銜接題)There will be less cars in the future because more people will take the subway.(句子改錯(cuò))__fewer__ ( B )2.In the future there will be ______ clear water in the lake if we don't pay ______ attention to environmental protection in this area. A．fewer；more B．less；more C．more；fewer ( C )3.Lisa always feels lonely because she has ______ friends in the new school. A． more B．less C．fewer 隨堂知識(shí)鞏固 一、單項(xiàng)選擇。 ( C )1.(2018銅仁中考改編)—What does he say？【考點(diǎn)?】 —He says there ______ a meeting tomorrow morning. A．is B．has C．will be ( A )2.(2018溫州中考改編)I've ordered some flowers for grandma and they will arrive ______ two hours. A．in B．a(chǎn)fter C．for ( B )3.(2018東營(yíng)中考改編)—Look！How wonderful this paper cutting is! —So it is.Paper cutting is a/an ______ Chinese art with a long history. A．common 　　　　B．traditional C．important ( B )4.(2017百色中考改編)We can see ______ people playing in the park.【考點(diǎn)?】 A．two hundreds of 　　　　B．hundreds of C．hundred of ( B )5.(2018宜昌中考改編)—Believe it or not，a pig from South Africa started painting several months ago. —Anything is ______. A．lively B．possible C．personal ( B )6.(2018荊州中考改編)—Kids often feel better in a happy family. —That's true.A happy family provides a loving ______for its children. A．expression 　　　　B．environment C．encouragement ( C )7.(2019預(yù)測(cè))If we want to be thinner and healthier，we should eat ______ snacks and take ______ exercise.【考點(diǎn)?】 A．less；more 　　　　B．more；less C．fewer；more ( A )8.(熱點(diǎn)題)—Do you know the latest information about the 19th Asian Games？【考點(diǎn)?】 —Let's ______the TV and watch the news report. A．turn on B．turn down C．turn off 二、根據(jù)語(yǔ)境或句意，用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。(對(duì)應(yīng)P34“詞匯攻關(guān)”) 1．It's __dangerous__(danger) to walk on thin ice in a lake. 2．(2014貴陽(yáng)中考87題)It is __impossible__(possible)for me to do too many things in two days.Can you help me? 3．The Dragon Boat Festival is a __traditional__(tradition) festival in China. 4．Waste water from the factory is the main cause of the __pollution__(pollute) of local rivers. 6