ZL50裝載機(jī)總體及工作裝置設(shè)計(jì)

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編號(hào) 無錫太湖學(xué)院 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文） 相關(guān)資料 題目： 基于CAD/CAM的復(fù)合沖壓模具設(shè)計(jì) 信機(jī) 系 模具設(shè)計(jì)與制造專業(yè) 學(xué) 號(hào)： 　　　 0923284　　　　 學(xué)生姓名： 胡曉明 指導(dǎo)教師： 　 過金超（職稱：副教授 ） （職稱： ） 2013年5月25日 目 錄 一、畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）開題報(bào)告 二、畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）外文資料翻譯及原文 三、學(xué)生“畢業(yè)論文（論文）計(jì)劃、進(jìn)度、檢查及落實(shí)表” 四、實(shí)習(xí)鑒定表 無錫太湖學(xué)院 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文） 開題報(bào)告 題目： 基于CAD/CAM的復(fù)合沖壓模具設(shè)計(jì) 信機(jī) 系 模具設(shè)計(jì)與制造 專業(yè) 學(xué) 號(hào)： 0923284 學(xué)生姓名： 胡曉明 指導(dǎo)教師： 過金超 （職稱：副教授 ） （職稱： ） 2012年11月14日 課題來源 實(shí)驗(yàn)室課題。 科學(xué)依據(jù)（包括課題的科學(xué)意義；國內(nèi)外研究概況、水平和發(fā)展趨勢(shì)；應(yīng)用前景等） （1）課題科學(xué)意義 沖壓件的成本較低，但是，沖壓加工所使用的模具一般具有專用性，有時(shí)一個(gè)復(fù)雜零件需要數(shù)套模具才能加工成形，且模具制造的精度高，技術(shù)要求高，是技術(shù)密集型產(chǎn)品，所以，只有在沖壓件生產(chǎn)批量較大的情況下，沖壓加工的優(yōu)點(diǎn)才能充分體現(xiàn)，從而獲得較好的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。 沖壓模在現(xiàn)代工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中，尤其是大批量生產(chǎn)中應(yīng)用十分廣泛，相當(dāng)多的工業(yè)部門越來越多地采用沖壓法加工產(chǎn)品零部件，如汽車、農(nóng)機(jī)、儀器、儀表、電子、航空、航天、家電及輕工業(yè)等行業(yè)，在這些工業(yè)部門中，沖壓件所占的比重都相當(dāng)?shù)拇?，少則60%以上，多則90%以上，不少過去用鍛造和切削加工方法制造的零件，現(xiàn)在大多也被質(zhì)量輕、剛度好的沖壓件所代替。因此，可以說，如果生產(chǎn)中不諒采用沖壓工藝，許多工業(yè)部門要提高生產(chǎn)效率和產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量、降低生產(chǎn)成本、快速進(jìn)行產(chǎn)品更新?lián)Q代等都是難以實(shí)現(xiàn)的。 （2）沖壓模具的研究狀況及其發(fā)展前景 隨著近代工業(yè)的發(fā)展和產(chǎn)品更新?lián)Q代周期的加快，模具的需求量日益增長，對(duì)沖壓加工提出了越來越高的要求，模具設(shè)計(jì)與制造水平也在不斷提高。近年來，模具計(jì)算機(jī)輔助設(shè)計(jì)/輔助制造技術(shù)（CAD/CAM）、板料成型模擬仿真技術(shù)（沖壓CAE）、快速成形（RPM）與各種常規(guī)的鑄造、粉末燒結(jié)工藝相結(jié)合而發(fā)展起來的快速模具制造技術(shù)等新技術(shù)的應(yīng)用以及精密沖裁、液壓成形、超塑性成形等新工藝的應(yīng)用，使沖壓技術(shù)上了一個(gè)新臺(tái)階。 當(dāng)前，模具設(shè)計(jì)與制造技術(shù)的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)如下： 模具的設(shè)計(jì)與結(jié)構(gòu)要與成形工藝的高速、自動(dòng)、精密化相適應(yīng)，沖壓模具正向高效率、高精度、高壽命、高自動(dòng)化方向發(fā)展。 要發(fā)展開發(fā)簡易模具和簡易模具的新材料，適應(yīng)單位和小批量零件生產(chǎn)。 發(fā)展高強(qiáng)度、高壽命的模具新材料和新的模具表面處理工藝。 提高加工自動(dòng)化程度，發(fā)展電加工技術(shù)，發(fā)展數(shù)控設(shè)備。 采用先進(jìn)的計(jì)算機(jī)輔助設(shè)計(jì)手段和研究更先進(jìn)的沖壓加工工藝。 不斷研究和開發(fā)性能良好的沖壓設(shè)備。目前，我國正積極發(fā)展高速壓力機(jī)和多工位自動(dòng)壓力機(jī)，開發(fā)數(shù)控壓力機(jī)、沖壓柔性系統(tǒng)（FMS）及各種專用壓力機(jī)。 研究沖壓變形的基本規(guī)律，為指導(dǎo)沖壓生產(chǎn)和解決實(shí)際問題提供理論依據(jù)。 積極開展標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化工作，擴(kuò)大標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件范圍，推行模具典型組合結(jié)構(gòu)等. 研究內(nèi)容 利用多種工序的復(fù)合沖壓模具加工，來說明復(fù)合沖壓模具在模具加工中的重要地位。 擬采取的研究方法、技術(shù)路線、實(shí)驗(yàn)方案及可行性分析 （1） 研究方法 仔細(xì)閱讀設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)書，并且查找相關(guān)書籍； 根據(jù)給定的原始數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算； 根據(jù)計(jì)算結(jié)果，選擇合理的設(shè)計(jì)方案； 繪制復(fù)合沖壓模具裝配圖及主要零件圖； 編寫設(shè)計(jì)說明書。 （2）可行性分析 通過在校期間學(xué)習(xí)的相關(guān)課程，以及在網(wǎng)上和圖書館查閱相關(guān)資料，另外在過老師的指導(dǎo)下，我相信一定可以完成復(fù)合沖壓模具的設(shè)計(jì)。 研究計(jì)劃及預(yù)期成果 研究計(jì)劃： 2012年11月12日-2012年12月25日：按照任務(wù)書要求查閱論文相關(guān)參考資料，填寫畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)開題報(bào)告書。 2013年1月11日-2013年3月5日：填寫畢業(yè)實(shí)習(xí)報(bào)告。 2013年3月8日-2013年3月14日：按照要求修改畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)開題報(bào)告。 2013年3月15日-2013年3月21日：學(xué)習(xí)并翻譯一篇與沖壓模具畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)相關(guān)的英文材料。 2013年3月22日-2013年4月11日：查找復(fù)合沖壓模具設(shè)計(jì)相關(guān)材料。 2013年4月12日-2013年4月25日：繪制此次復(fù)合沖壓模具設(shè)計(jì)的裝配圖以及零件圖。 2013年4月26日-2013年5月21日：畢業(yè)論文撰寫和修改工作。 預(yù)期成果：1. 完成復(fù)合沖壓模具裝配圖 幾張； 2. 完成復(fù)合沖壓模具三維爆炸圖1張； 3. 完成上模板、下模板、凹模、凸模等部件圖各 1張；4. 完成裝配零件圖1張；5. 設(shè)計(jì)說明書不少于1.5萬字，并打印說明書； 6. 翻譯相關(guān)外文文獻(xiàn)3000詞以上，外文摘要300詞以上 特色或創(chuàng)新之處 ① 使用Solidworks三維建模，效果明顯。 ② 采用固定某些參量、改變某些參量來研究問題的方法，思路清晰，簡潔明了，行之有效。 已具備的條件和尚需解決的問題 ① 設(shè)計(jì)思路已經(jīng)非常明確，已經(jīng)具備使用CAD、Solidworks等繪圖軟件的能力。 ② 使用solidworks三維繪圖能力尚需加強(qiáng)。 指導(dǎo)教師意見 指導(dǎo)教師簽名： 年 月 日 教研室（學(xué)科組、研究所）意見 教研室主任簽名： 年 月 日 系意見 主管領(lǐng)導(dǎo)簽名： 年 月 日 Stamping and Punching Dies Compound Die Design A compound die performs only cutting operations (usually blanking and piercing) which are completed during a single press stroke. A characteristic of compound dies is the inverted position of the blanking die and blanking punch which also functions as the piercing die. The die is fastened to the upper shoe and the blanking punch having a tapered hole in it and in the lower shoe for slug disposal is mounted on the lower shoe. The guide pins, or posts, are mounted in the lower shoes. The upper shoes contains bushing which slide on the guide pins. The assembly of the lower and upper shoes with guide pins and bushing is a die set. Die sets in many sizes and designs are commercially available. On the upstroke of the press slide, the knock out rod of the press strikes the ejector plate, forcing the ejector tie rod and shedder downward, thus pushing the finished work piece out of the blanking die. Four special shoulder screws (stripper bolts), commercially available, guide the stripper in its travel and retain it against the preload of its springs. The blanking die as well as the punch pad is screwed and doweled to the upper shoe. 1、 Bending Die Bending is the uniform straining of material, usually flat sheet or strip metal, around a straight axis which lies in the neutral plane and normal to the lengthwise direction of the sheet or strip. Metal flow takes place within the plastic range of the lengthwise direction of the bend retains a permanent set after removal of the applied stress. The inner surface of a bend is in compression; the outer surface is in tension. A pure bending action does not reproduce the exact shape of the punch and die in the metal; such a reproduction is one of forming. The neutral axis is the plane area in bend metal where all strain is zero. 2、 Bending Methods Metal sheet or strip, supported by a V bending, produces a bend having an included angle which may be acute, obtuse, or of 90. Friction between a spring-loaded knurled pin in the Vee of a die and the part will prevent or reduce side creep of the part during its bending. Other methods are Z-bending edge bending and U-bending etc. 3、 Drawing Die Drawing is a process of changing a flat, precut metal blank into a hollow vessel without excessive wrinkling, thinning, or fracturing. The various forms produced may be cylindrical or box-shaped with straight or tapered sides or sides or a combination of straight, tapered, or curved sides. The size of the parts may vary from 0.25mm diameter or smaller, to aircraft or automotive parts large enough to require the use of mechanical handing equipment. 4、 Single-action Die The simplest type of draw dies is one with only a punch and die. One type of drawing die use in a single-action press is shown in Fig.3-4. This die is plain single-action type where the punch pushes the metal blank into the die, using a spring-loaded pressure pad to control the metal flow. The punch has an air vent to eliminate suction which would hold the cup on the punch and damage the cup when it is stripped from the punch by the pressure pad. The sketch shows the pressure pad fitting the stop pin, which acts as a spacer that an even and proper pressure is exerted on the blank at all times. If the spring pressure pad is used without the stop pin, the more the springs are depressed, the greater the pressure exerted on the blank, thereby limiting the depth of drawing. Because of limited pressures obtainable, this type of die should be used with light- gage stock and shallow depths. Mold Cavities and Cores The cavity and core give the molding its external shapes respectively, the impression imparting the whole of the form to the molding. When then proceeded to indicate alternative ways by which the cavity and core could be incorporated into the mold and we found that these alternatives fell under two main headings, namely the integer method and the insert method. Another method by which the cavity can be incorporated is by means of split inserts or splits. When the cavity or core is machined from a large plate or block of steel, or is cast in one piece, and used without bolstering as one of the mold plates, it is termed an integer cavity plate or integer core plate. This design is preferred for single-impression molds because of characteristics of the strength, smaller size and lower cost. It is not used as much for multi-impression molds as there are other factors such as alignment which must be taken into consideration. Of the many manufacturing processes available for preparing molds only two are normally used in this case. There are a direct machining operation on a rough steel forging or blank using the conventional machine tool, or the precision investment casting technique in which a master pattern is made of the cavity and core. The pattern is then used to prepare a casting of the cavit y or core by or special process. A 4.25% nickel-chrome-molybdenum steel (BS 970-835 M30) is normally specified for integer mold plates which are to be made by the direct machini ng method. The precision investment casting method usually utilizes a high-chrome steel. For molds containing intricate impressions, and for multi-impression molds, it is not satisfactory to attempt to machine the cavity and core plates from single blocks of steel as with integer molds. The machining sequences and operation would be altogether too complicated and costly. The inset-bolster assembly method is therefore used instead. The method consists in machining the impression out of small blocks of steel. These small blocks of steel are known, after machining, as inserts, and the one which forms the male part is termed the core insert and, conversely, the one which forms the female part the cavity inserts. These are then inserted and securely fitted into holes in a substantial block or plate of steel called a bolster. These holes are either sunk part way or are machined right through the bolster plate. In the latter case there will be a plate fastened behind the bolster and this secures the insert in posit ion. Both the integer and the insert-bolster methods have their advantages depending upon the size, the shape of the molding, the complexity of the mold, whether the single impression or a multi-impression mold is desire, the cost of making the mold, etc. It can therefore be said that in general, once the characteristics of the mold required to do a particular job which have been weighed up, the decision as to which design to adopt can be made. Some of these considerations have already been discussed under various broad headings, such as cost, but to enable the reader to weigh them up more easily, when faced with a particular problem, the comparison of the relative advantages of each system is discussed under a number of headings. Unquestionably, for single impression molds integer design is to be preferred irrespective of whether the component form is a simple or a complex one. The resulting mold will be stronger, smaller, less costly, and generally incorporate a less elaborate cooling system than the insert -bolster design. It should be borne in mind that local inserts can be judiciously used to simplify the general manufacture of the mold impression. For multi-impression molds the choice is not so clear-cut. In the majority of cases the insert-bolster method of construction is used, the ease of manufacture, mold alignment, and resulting lower mold costs being he overriding factors affecting the choice. For components of very simple form it is often advantageous to use one design for one of the mold plate and the alternative design for the other. For example, consider a multi-impression mold for a box-type component. The cavity plate could be of the integer design to gain the advantages of strength, thereby allowing a smaller mold plate, while the core plate could be of insert-bolster design which will simplify machining of the plate and allow for adjustments for mold alignment.1 Die position in industrial production Mold is a high-volume products with the shape tool, is the main process of industrial production equipment. 采用模具生產(chǎn)零部件，具有生產(chǎn)效率高、質(zhì)量好、成本低、節(jié)約能源和原材料等一系列優(yōu)點(diǎn)，用模具生產(chǎn)制件所具備的高精度、高復(fù)雜程度、高一致性、高生產(chǎn)率和低消耗，是其他加工制造方法所不能比 With mold components, with high efficiency, good quality, low cost, saving energy and raw materials and a series of advantages, with the mold workpieces possess high accuracy, high complexity, high consistency, high productivity and low consumption , other manufacturing methods can not match. 已成為當(dāng)代工業(yè)生產(chǎn)的重要手段和工藝發(fā)展方向。 Have already become an important means of industrial production and technological development. 現(xiàn)代經(jīng)濟(jì)的基礎(chǔ)工The basis of the modern industrial economy. 現(xiàn)代工業(yè)品的發(fā)展和技術(shù)水平的提高，很大程度上取決于模具工業(yè)的發(fā)展水平，因此模具工業(yè)對(duì)國民經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)發(fā)展將起越來越大的作用。 The development of modern industrial and technological level depends largely on the level of industrial development die, so die industry to national economic and social development will play an increasing role. 1989 年 3 月國務(wù)院頒布的《關(guān)于當(dāng)前產(chǎn)業(yè)政策要點(diǎn)的決定》中，把模具列為機(jī)械工業(yè)技術(shù)改造序列的第一位、生產(chǎn)和基本建設(shè)序列的第二位 ( 僅次于大型發(fā)電設(shè)備及相應(yīng)的輸變電設(shè)備 ) ，確立模具工業(yè)在國民經(jīng)濟(jì)中的重要地位。 March 1989 the State Council promulgated "on the current industrial policy decision points" in the mold as the machinery industry transformation sequence of the first, production and capital construction of the second sequence (after the large-scale power generation equipment and the corresponding power transmission equipment), establish tooling industry in an important position in the national economy. 1997 年以來，又相繼把模具及其加工技術(shù)和設(shè)備列入了《當(dāng)前國家重點(diǎn)鼓勵(lì)發(fā)展的產(chǎn)業(yè)、產(chǎn)品和技術(shù)目錄》和《鼓勵(lì)外商投資產(chǎn)業(yè)目錄》。 Since 1997, they have to mold and its processing technology and equipment included in the "current national focus on encouraging the development of industries, products and technologies catalog" and "to encourage foreign investment industry directory." 經(jīng)國務(wù)院批準(zhǔn)，從 1997 年到 2000 年，對(duì) 80 多家國有專業(yè)模具廠實(shí)行增值稅返還 70% 的優(yōu)惠政策，以扶植模具工業(yè)的發(fā)展。 Approved by the State Council, from 1997 to 2000, more than 80 professional mold factory owned 70% VAT refund of preferential policies to support mold industry. 所有這些，都充分體現(xiàn)了國務(wù)院和國家有關(guān)部門對(duì)發(fā)展模具工業(yè)的重視和支持。 All these have fully demonstrated the development of the State Council and state departments tooling industry attention and support. 目前全世界模具年產(chǎn)值約為 600 億美元，日、美等工業(yè)發(fā)達(dá)國家的模具工業(yè)產(chǎn)值已超過機(jī)床工業(yè)，從 1997 年開始，我國模具工業(yè)產(chǎn)值也超過了機(jī)床工業(yè)產(chǎn)值。 Mold around the world about the current annual output of 60 billion U.S. dollars, Japan, the United States and other industrialized countries die of industrial output value of more than machine tool industry, beginning in 1997, China's industrial output value has exceeded the mold machine tool industry output. 據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)，在家電、玩具等輕工行業(yè)，近 90 ％的零件是綜筷具生產(chǎn)的；在飛機(jī)、汽車、農(nóng)機(jī)和無線電行業(yè)，這個(gè)比例也超過 60 ％。According to statistics, home appliances, toys and other light industries, nearly 90% of the parts are integrated with production of chopsticks; in aircraft, automobiles, agricultural machinery and radio industries, the proportion exceeded 60%. 例如飛機(jī)制造業(yè)，某型戰(zhàn)斗機(jī)模具使用量超過三萬套，其中主機(jī)八千套、發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)二千套、輔機(jī)二萬套。 Such as aircraft manufacturing, the use of a certain type of fighter dies more than 30,000 units, of which the host 8000 sets, 2000 sets of engines, auxiliary 20 000 sets. 從產(chǎn)值看， 80 年代以來，美、日等工業(yè)發(fā)達(dá)國家模具行業(yè)的產(chǎn)值已超過機(jī)床行業(yè)，并又有繼續(xù)增長的趨勢(shì)。 From the output of view, since the 80's, the United States, Japan and other industrialized countries die industry output value has exceeded the machine tool industry, and there are still rising. 據(jù)國際生產(chǎn)技術(shù)協(xié)會(huì)預(yù)測(cè)，到 2000 年，產(chǎn)品盡件粗加工的 75% 、精加工的 50 ％將由模具完成；金屬、塑料、陶瓷、橡膠、建材等工業(yè)制品大部分將由模具完成， 50 ％以上的金屬板材、 80 ％以上的塑料都特通過模具轉(zhuǎn)化成制品。 Production technology, according to the International Association predicts that in 2000, the product best pieces of rough 75%, 50% will be finished mold completed; metals, plastics, ceramics, rubber, building materials and other industrial products, most of the mold will be completed in more than 50% metal plates, more than 80% of all plastic products, especially through the mold into. 模具的歷史發(fā)展 2 The historical development of mold 模具的出現(xiàn)可以追溯到幾千年前的陶器和青銅器鑄造，但其大規(guī)模使用卻是隨著現(xiàn)代工業(yè)的掘起而發(fā)展起來的。The emergence of mold can be traced back thousands of years ago, pottery and bronze foundry, but the large-scale use is with the rise of modern industry and developed. 19 世紀(jì)，隨著軍火工業(yè) ( 槍炮的彈殼 ) 、鐘表工業(yè)、無線電工業(yè)的發(fā)展，沖模得到廣泛使用。The 19th century, with the arms industry (gun's shell), watch industry, radio industry, dies are widely used. 二次大戰(zhàn)后，隨著世界經(jīng)濟(jì)的飛速發(fā)展，它又成了大量生產(chǎn)家用電器、汽車、電子儀器、照相機(jī)、鐘表等零件的最佳方式。 After World War II, with the rapid development of world economy, it became a mass production of household appliances, automobiles, electronic equipment, cameras, watches and other parts the best way. 從世界范圍看，當(dāng)時(shí)美國的沖壓技術(shù)走在前列——許多模具先進(jìn)技術(shù)，如簡易模具、高效率模具、高壽命模具和沖壓自動(dòng)化技術(shù)，大多起源于美國；而瑞士的精沖、德國的冷擠壓技術(shù)，蘇聯(lián)對(duì)塑性加工的研究也處于世界先進(jìn)行列。 From a global perspective, when the United States in the forefront of stamping technology - many die of advanced technologies, such as simple mold, high efficiency, mold, die and stamping the high life automation, mostly originated in the United States; and Switzerland, fine blanking, cold in Germany extrusion technology, plastic processing of the Soviet Union are at the world advanced. 50 年代，模具行業(yè)工作重點(diǎn)是根據(jù)訂戶的要求，制作能滿足產(chǎn)品要求的模具。 50's, mold industry focus is based on subscriber demand, production can meet the product requirements of the mold. 模具設(shè)計(jì)多憑經(jīng)驗(yàn)，參考已有圖紙和感性認(rèn)識(shí)，對(duì)所設(shè)計(jì)模具零件的機(jī)能缺乏真切了解。 Multi-die design rule of thumb, reference has been drawing and perceptual knowledge, on the design of mold parts of a lack of real understanding of function. 從 1955 年到 1965 年，是壓力加工的探索和開發(fā)時(shí)代——對(duì)模具主要零部件的機(jī)能和受力狀態(tài)進(jìn)行了數(shù)學(xué)分橋，并把這些知識(shí)不斷應(yīng)用于現(xiàn)場(chǎng)實(shí)際，使得沖壓技術(shù)在各方面有飛躍的發(fā)展。 From 1955 to 1965, is the pressure processing of exploration and development of the times - the main components of the mold and the stress state of the function of a mathematical sub-bridge, and to continue to apply to on-site practical knowledge to make stamping technology in all aspects of a leap in development. 其結(jié)果是歸納出模具設(shè)計(jì)原則，并使得壓力機(jī)械、沖壓材料、加工方法、梅具結(jié)構(gòu)、模具材料、模具制造方法、自動(dòng)化裝置等領(lǐng)域面貌一新，并向?qū)嵱没姆较蛲七M(jìn)，從而使沖壓加工從儀能生產(chǎn)優(yōu)良產(chǎn)品的第一階段。 The result is summarized mold design principles, and makes the pressure machine, stamping materials, processing methods, plum with a structure, mold materials, mold manufacturing method, the field of automation devices, a new look to the practical direction of advance, so that pressing processing apparatus capable of producing quality products from the first stage. 進(jìn)入 70 年代向高速化、啟動(dòng)化、精密化、安全化發(fā)展的第二階段。Into the 70's to high speed, launch technology, precision, security, development of the second stage. 在這個(gè)過程中不斷涌現(xiàn)各種高效率、商壽命、高精度助多功能自動(dòng)校具。 Continue to emerge in this process a variety of high efficiency, business life, high-precision multi-functional automatic school to help with. 其代表是多達(dá)別多個(gè)工位的級(jí)進(jìn)模和十幾個(gè)工位的多工位傳遞模。 Represented by the number of working places as much as other progressive die and dozens of multi-station transfer station module. 在此基礎(chǔ)上又發(fā)展出既有連續(xù)沖壓工位又有多滑塊成形工位的壓力機(jī)—彎曲機(jī)。 On this basis, has developed both a continuous pressing station there are more slide forming station of the press - bending machine. 在此期間，日本站到了世界最前列——其模具加工精度進(jìn)入了微米級(jí)，模具壽命，合金工具鋼制造的模具達(dá)到了幾千萬次，硬質(zhì)合金鋼制造的模具達(dá)到了幾億次 p 每分鐘沖壓次數(shù)，小型壓力機(jī)通常為 200 至 300 次，最高為 1200 次至 1500 次。 In the meantime, the Japanese stand to the world's largest - the mold into the micron-level precision, die life, alloy tool steel mold has reached tens of millions of times, carbide steel mold to each of hundreds of millions of times p minutes for stamping the number of small presses usually 200 to 300, up to 1200 times to 1500 times. 在此期間，為了適應(yīng)產(chǎn)品更新快、用期短 ( 如汽車改型、玩具翻新等 ) 的需要，各種經(jīng)濟(jì)型模具，如鋅落合金模具、聚氨酯橡膠模具、鋼皮沖模等也得到了很大發(fā)展。 In the meantime, in order to meet product updates quickly, with the short duration (such as cars modified, refurbished toys, etc.) need a variety of economic-type mold, such as zinc alloy die down, polyurethane rubber mold, die steel skin, also has been very great development. 從 70 年代中期至今可以說是計(jì)算機(jī)輔助設(shè)計(jì)、輔助制造技術(shù)不斷發(fā)展的時(shí)代。From the mid-70s so far can be said that computer-aided design, supporting the continuous development of manufacturing technology of the times. 隨著模具加工精度與復(fù)雜性不斷提高，生產(chǎn)周期不斷加快，模具業(yè)對(duì)設(shè)備和人員素質(zhì)的要求也不斷提高。 With the precision and complexity of mold rising, accelerating the production cycle, the mold industry, the quality of equipment and personnel are required to improve. 依靠普通加工設(shè)備，憑經(jīng)驗(yàn)和手藝越來越不能滿足模具生產(chǎn)的需要。 Rely on common processing equipment, their experience and skills can not meet the needs of mold. 90 年代以來，機(jī)械技術(shù)和電子技術(shù)緊密結(jié)合，發(fā)展了 NC 機(jī)床，如數(shù)控線切割機(jī)床、數(shù)控電火花機(jī)床、數(shù)控銑床、數(shù)控坐標(biāo)磨床等。 Since the 90's, mechanical and electronic technologies in close connection with the development of NC machine tools, such as CNC wire cutting machine, CNC EDM, CNC milling, CNC coordinate grinding machine and so on. 而采用電子計(jì)算機(jī)自動(dòng)編程、控制的 cNc 機(jī)床提高了數(shù)控機(jī)床的使用效率和范圍。 The use of computer automatic programming, control CNC machine tools to improve the efficiency in the use and scope. 近年來又發(fā)展出由一臺(tái)計(jì)算機(jī)以分時(shí)的方式直接管理和控制一群數(shù)控機(jī)床的 nNc 系統(tǒng)。 In recent years, has developed a computer to time-sharing by the way a group of direct management and control of