0246-某軸蓋零件沖壓成形工藝及復(fù)合模具設(shè)計(jì)
0246-某軸蓋零件沖壓成形工藝及復(fù)合模具設(shè)計(jì),某軸蓋,零件,沖壓,成形,工藝,復(fù)合,模具設(shè)計(jì)
畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)開(kāi)題報(bào)告題目 某軸蓋零件復(fù)合模設(shè)計(jì)一、選題的依據(jù)及意義:模具制造在機(jī)電產(chǎn)品制造行業(yè)中應(yīng)用廣泛,而沖模是實(shí)現(xiàn)沖壓工藝的主要工藝裝備,在制造行業(yè)中占有重要的地位。 改革開(kāi)放以來(lái),通過(guò)技術(shù)引進(jìn)和合資經(jīng)營(yíng),我國(guó)的模具制造技術(shù)有了長(zhǎng)足的進(jìn)步,少數(shù)單位在沖模技術(shù)領(lǐng)域采用了CAD,CAM,CAE技術(shù)和先進(jìn)制造技術(shù),顯著地縮短了模具設(shè)計(jì)和制造周期,提高了模具質(zhì)量,實(shí)現(xiàn)了模具工作零件的互換。雖然我國(guó)的模具工業(yè)和技術(shù)得到了快速發(fā)展,但與國(guó)外工業(yè)發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家相比仍存在較大差距,隨著科學(xué)技術(shù)的進(jìn)步、社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)張,模具制造技術(shù)的應(yīng)用越來(lái)越廣泛,模具成形技術(shù)及模具設(shè)計(jì)與制造已成為當(dāng)代工業(yè)生產(chǎn)的重要手段。因此社會(huì)上迫切需要各種模具設(shè)計(jì)師、模具技師等技術(shù)人才,未來(lái)的中國(guó)模具工業(yè)和技術(shù)的發(fā)展空間是巨大的。 模具制造在現(xiàn)在制造業(yè)中所產(chǎn)生意義是重大的,它作為重要的生產(chǎn)裝備和工藝發(fā)展方向,在現(xiàn)代工業(yè)的規(guī)模生產(chǎn)中日益發(fā)揮著重大作用。通過(guò)模具進(jìn)行產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)具有優(yōu)質(zhì)、高效、節(jié)能、節(jié)材、成本低等顯著特點(diǎn),因而在汽車(chē)、機(jī)械、電子、輕工、家電、通信、軍事和航空航天等領(lǐng)域的產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)中獲得了廣泛應(yīng)用,而且由于模具制造有以下的優(yōu)點(diǎn): 1模具制造所用的原材料多是表面質(zhì)量奧得板料或帶料,沖件的尺寸由沖模來(lái)保證,所以產(chǎn)品尺寸穩(wěn)定,互換性好。 2模具加工不像切削加工那樣大量切除金屬,因而節(jié)省能源,節(jié)省原材料。 3模具沖壓生產(chǎn)便于實(shí)現(xiàn)自動(dòng)化,生產(chǎn)率高,操作簡(jiǎn)便,對(duì)工人的技術(shù)等級(jí)要求也不高。普通壓力機(jī)每分鐘可生產(chǎn)幾件到幾十件沖壓件,而高速?zèng)_床每分鐘可生產(chǎn)數(shù)百件甚至上千件沖壓件。 4可以獲得其他加工方法所不能或難以制造的薄壁、質(zhì)量輕、剛度好、表面質(zhì)量高、形狀復(fù)雜的零件,小到鐘表的秒針,大到汽車(chē)縱梁、覆蓋件等。 所以它不僅得到了人們普遍的認(rèn)識(shí),同時(shí),模具設(shè)計(jì)制造水平的高低,關(guān)系現(xiàn)代制造業(yè)的發(fā)展與進(jìn)步,關(guān)系到經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)的速度。 因?yàn)槟>咧圃鞂?duì)制造業(yè)的重大作用,激勵(lì)我趁此畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)的良機(jī),選擇此課題,希望能夠掌握各種模具制造方法的基本原理和特點(diǎn),在設(shè)計(jì)、制造模具時(shí),根據(jù)實(shí)際情況,學(xué)習(xí)如何充分考慮它們的特點(diǎn),選用最佳的工藝方案;掌握各種制造方法對(duì)模具結(jié)構(gòu)的要求,具有分析模具結(jié)構(gòu)工藝性的能力,能夠設(shè)計(jì)出工藝性能良好的模具結(jié)構(gòu);了解國(guó)內(nèi)先進(jìn)的模具制造技術(shù),盡量采用新工藝、新技術(shù)。并且鞏固和加深已經(jīng)學(xué)過(guò)的理論知識(shí),提高自己的綜合分析和解決工程實(shí)際問(wèn)題的能力,為以后的工作奠定良好的基礎(chǔ)。二、國(guó)內(nèi)外研究概況及發(fā)展趨勢(shì)(含文獻(xiàn)綜述):改革開(kāi)放以來(lái),隨著國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)的高速發(fā)展,市場(chǎng)對(duì)模具的需求量不斷增長(zhǎng)。近年來(lái),模具工業(yè)一直以15%左右的增長(zhǎng)速度快速發(fā)展,模具工業(yè)企業(yè)的所有制成分也發(fā)生了巨大變化,除了國(guó)有專業(yè)模具廠外,集體、合資、獨(dú)資和私營(yíng)也得到了快速發(fā)展。浙江寧波和黃巖地區(qū)的“模具之鄉(xiāng)”;廣東一些大集團(tuán)公司和迅速崛起的鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)企業(yè),科龍、美的、康佳等集團(tuán)紛紛建立了自己的模具制造中心;中外合資和外商獨(dú)資的模具企業(yè)現(xiàn)已有幾千家。 隨著與國(guó)際接軌的腳步不斷加快,市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的日益加劇,人們已經(jīng)越來(lái)越認(rèn)識(shí)到產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量、成本和新產(chǎn)品的開(kāi)發(fā)能力的重要性。而模具制造是整個(gè)鏈條中最基礎(chǔ)的要素之一,模具制造技術(shù)現(xiàn)已成為衡量一國(guó)產(chǎn)品制造水平的重要標(biāo)志和發(fā)展程度的標(biāo)志之一。 目前,我國(guó)的模具技術(shù)有了很大發(fā)展,模具的精密度、復(fù)雜程度和壽命都有很大提高。如,主要的汽車(chē)模具企業(yè)已能生產(chǎn)大型、精密的轎車(chē)覆蓋件模具;體現(xiàn)高水平制造技術(shù)的多工位級(jí)進(jìn)模的覆蓋面增加;塑料模熱流道技術(shù)日漸成熟,氣體輔助注射技術(shù)開(kāi)始采用;壓鑄工藝得到發(fā)展。此外,CAD/CAM/CAE技術(shù)得到廣泛應(yīng)用,高速加工、復(fù)合加工等先進(jìn)的加工技術(shù)也得到進(jìn)一步推廣;快速原型進(jìn)展很快;模具的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化程度也有一定提高。但是,由于我國(guó)的模具行業(yè)起步較晚,與國(guó)外相比,仍存在不小的差距,主要體現(xiàn)在: 產(chǎn)需矛盾:隨著工業(yè)發(fā)展水平的不斷提高,工業(yè)產(chǎn)品更新速度的加快,對(duì)模具的需求越來(lái)越大。無(wú)論是數(shù)量還是質(zhì)量都無(wú)法滿足國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)的需要,只達(dá)到70左右。造成矛盾突出的原因是模具企業(yè)的專業(yè)化、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化程度低,生產(chǎn)周期長(zhǎng)。另外,設(shè)計(jì)和制造工藝水平還不能完全適應(yīng)發(fā)展的需要。 企業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)不合理:我國(guó)很多模具生產(chǎn)能力集中在各主機(jī)廠的模具分廠或車(chē)間內(nèi),模具的商品化程度低,而國(guó)外70以上都是專業(yè)模具廠,且走的是“小而精”的道路,因此生產(chǎn)效率和經(jīng)濟(jì)效益俱佳。 產(chǎn)品水平:衡量模具的產(chǎn)品水平,主要有模具加工的制造精度和表面粗糙度,加工模具的復(fù)雜程度,以及模具的制造周期和使用壽命。而這幾項(xiàng)指標(biāo)與國(guó)外相比的差距都十分明顯。 此外,模具工業(yè)的整體裝備水平也存在相對(duì)落后,利用率低的現(xiàn)象。高素質(zhì)的模具技術(shù)人才缺乏,產(chǎn)品的綜合開(kāi)發(fā)能力還急需加強(qiáng)。 針對(duì)不足和模具市場(chǎng)巨大的潛力,國(guó)家制定了模具行業(yè)的“十五”發(fā)展規(guī)劃。一方面要繼續(xù)推廣新技術(shù)的應(yīng)用,提高大型、精密、復(fù)雜模具的制造水平;另一方面要針對(duì)不同模具市場(chǎng)的需求,有針對(duì)性的發(fā)展。希望在模具企業(yè)的整體實(shí)力有進(jìn)一步提升,重點(diǎn)、骨干企業(yè)可以達(dá)到50%。2003年是“十五”關(guān)鍵的一年,如果做不到60%任務(wù)的完成,那么計(jì)劃就會(huì)失敗,而模具失敗了,對(duì)整個(gè)工業(yè)都會(huì)有影響。 近年來(lái),外企進(jìn)入中國(guó)加劇了競(jìng)爭(zhēng),也出現(xiàn)一些價(jià)格方面的惡性競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。為了避免因?yàn)闀簳r(shí)的利益而損失長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)和整體的發(fā)展,未來(lái)一年中,行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)也將加強(qiáng)模具企業(yè)間的組織和協(xié)調(diào),制定合理的價(jià)格水平。同時(shí),研究國(guó)際模具價(jià)格水平,以對(duì)行業(yè)進(jìn)行指導(dǎo)和信息溝通。 近年許多模具企業(yè)加大了用于技術(shù)進(jìn)步的投資力度,將技術(shù)進(jìn)步視為企業(yè)發(fā)展的重要?jiǎng)恿?。一些?guó)內(nèi)模具企業(yè)已普及了二維CAD,并陸續(xù)開(kāi)始使用UG、Pro/Engineer、I-DEAS、Euclid-IS等國(guó)際通用軟件,個(gè)別廠家還引進(jìn)了Moldflow、C-Flow、DYNAFORM、Optris和MAGMASOFT等CAE軟件,并成功應(yīng)用于沖壓模的設(shè)計(jì)中。 以汽車(chē)覆蓋件模具為代表的大型沖壓模具的制造技術(shù)已取得很大進(jìn)步,東風(fēng)汽車(chē)公司模具廠、一汽模具中心等模具廠家已能生產(chǎn)部分轎車(chē)覆蓋件模具。此外,許多研究機(jī)構(gòu)和大專院校開(kāi)展模具技術(shù)的研究和開(kāi)發(fā)。經(jīng)過(guò)多年的努力,在模具CAD/CAE/CAM技術(shù)方面取得了顯著進(jìn)步;在提高模具質(zhì)量和縮短模具設(shè)計(jì)制造周期等方面做出了貢獻(xiàn)。 例如,吉林大學(xué)汽車(chē)覆蓋件成型技術(shù)所獨(dú)立研制的汽車(chē)覆蓋件沖壓成型分析KMAS軟件,華中理工大學(xué)模具技術(shù)國(guó)家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室開(kāi)發(fā)的注塑模、汽車(chē)覆蓋件模具和級(jí)進(jìn)模CAD/CAE/CAM軟件,上海交通大學(xué)模具CAD國(guó)家工程研究中心開(kāi)發(fā)的冷沖模和精沖研究中心開(kāi)發(fā)的冷沖模和精沖模CAD軟件等在國(guó)內(nèi)模具行業(yè)擁有不少的用戶。 雖然中國(guó)模具工業(yè)在過(guò)去十多年中取得了令人矚目的發(fā)展,但許多方面與工業(yè)發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家相比仍有較大的差距。例如,精密加工設(shè)備在模具加工設(shè)備中的比重比較低;CAD/CAE/CAM技術(shù)的普及率不高;許多先進(jìn)的模具技術(shù)應(yīng)用不夠廣泛等等,致使相當(dāng)一部分大型、精密、復(fù)雜和長(zhǎng)壽命模具依賴進(jìn)口。 二、未來(lái)沖壓模具制造技術(shù)發(fā)展趨勢(shì) 模具技術(shù)的發(fā)展應(yīng)該為適應(yīng)模具產(chǎn)品“交貨期短”、“精度高”、“質(zhì)量好”、“價(jià)格低”的要求服務(wù)。達(dá)到這一要求急需發(fā)展如下幾項(xiàng): (1)全面推廣CAD/CAM/CAE技術(shù) 模具CAD/CAM/CAE技術(shù)是模具設(shè)計(jì)制造的發(fā)展方向。隨著微機(jī)軟件的發(fā)展和進(jìn)步,普及CAD/CAM/CAE技術(shù)的條件已基本成熟,各企業(yè)將加大CAD/CAM技術(shù)培訓(xùn)和技術(shù)服務(wù)的力度;進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大CAE技術(shù)的應(yīng)用范圍。計(jì)算機(jī)和網(wǎng)絡(luò)的發(fā)展正使CAD/CAM/CAE技術(shù)跨地區(qū)、跨企業(yè)、跨院所地在整個(gè)行業(yè)中推廣成為可能,實(shí)現(xiàn)技術(shù)資源的重新整合,使虛擬制造成為可能。 (2)高速銑削加工 國(guó)外近年來(lái)發(fā)展的高速銑削加工,大幅度提高了加工效率,并可獲得極高的表面光潔度。另外,還可加工高硬度模塊,還具有溫升低、熱變形小等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。高速銑削加工技術(shù)的發(fā)展,對(duì)汽車(chē)、家電行業(yè)中大型型腔模具制造注入了新的活力。目前它已向更高的敏捷化、智能化、集成化方向發(fā)展。 (3)模具掃描及數(shù)字化系統(tǒng) 高速掃描機(jī)和模具掃描系統(tǒng)提供了從模型或?qū)嵨飹呙璧郊庸こ銎谕哪P退璧闹T多功能,大大縮短了模具的在研制制造周期。有些快速掃描系統(tǒng),可快速安裝在已有的數(shù)控銑床及加工中心上,實(shí)現(xiàn)快速數(shù)據(jù)采集、自動(dòng)生成各種不同數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的加工程序、不同格式的CAD數(shù)據(jù),用于模具制造業(yè)的“逆向工程”。模具掃描系統(tǒng)已在汽車(chē)、摩托車(chē)、家電等行業(yè)得到成功應(yīng)用,相信在“十五”期間將發(fā)揮更大的作用。 (4)電火花銑削加工 電火花銑削加工技術(shù)也稱為電火花創(chuàng)成加工技術(shù),這是一種替代傳統(tǒng)的用成型電極加工型腔的新技術(shù),它是有高速旋轉(zhuǎn)的簡(jiǎn)單的管狀電極作三維或二維輪廓加工(像數(shù)控銑一樣),因此不再需要制造復(fù)雜的成型電極,這顯然是電火花成形加工領(lǐng)域的重大發(fā)展。國(guó)外已有使用這種技術(shù)的機(jī)床在模具加工中應(yīng)用。預(yù)計(jì)這一技術(shù)將得到發(fā)展。 (5)提高模具標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化程度 我國(guó)模具標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化程度正在不斷提高,估計(jì)目前我國(guó)模具標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件使用覆蓋率已達(dá)到30%左右。國(guó)外發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家一般為80%左右。 (6)優(yōu)質(zhì)材料及先進(jìn)表面處理技術(shù) 選用優(yōu)質(zhì)鋼材和應(yīng)用相應(yīng)的表面處理技術(shù)來(lái)提高模具的壽命就顯得十分必要。模具熱處理和表面處理是否能充分發(fā)揮模具鋼材料性能的關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)。模具熱處理的發(fā)展方向是采用真空熱處理。模具表面處理除完善應(yīng)發(fā)展工藝先進(jìn)的氣相沉積(TiN、TiC等)、等離子噴涂等技術(shù)。 (7)模具研磨拋光將自動(dòng)化、智能化 模具表面的質(zhì)量對(duì)模具使用壽命、制件外觀質(zhì)量等方面均有較大的影響,研究自動(dòng)化、智能化的研磨與拋光方法替代現(xiàn)有手工操作,以提高模具表面質(zhì)量是重要的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)。 (8)模具自動(dòng)加工系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展 這是我國(guó)長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)發(fā)展的目標(biāo)。模具自動(dòng)加工系統(tǒng)應(yīng)有多臺(tái)機(jī)床合理組合;配有隨行定位夾具或定位盤(pán);有完整的機(jī)具、刀具數(shù)控庫(kù);有完整的數(shù)控柔性同步系統(tǒng);有質(zhì)量監(jiān)測(cè)控制系統(tǒng)。 三、研究?jī)?nèi)容及實(shí)驗(yàn)方案:研究?jī)?nèi)容:1. 熟悉沖壓模具的工作原理以及了解沖壓模具的發(fā)展方向;2. 完成工藝參數(shù)的計(jì)算,結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)等工作。模具主要零件結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)的分析;3. 完成軸蓋裝配圖的設(shè)計(jì)和所有非標(biāo)零件圖設(shè)計(jì),并編寫(xiě)說(shuō)明書(shū)。設(shè)計(jì)方案:1.工藝分析由工件圖看,該工件需要內(nèi)外緣同時(shí)翻邊,翻邊高度為4mm,由計(jì)算可知最大翻邊高度為Hmax=5.93mm,由此可知設(shè)計(jì)翻邊時(shí)可一次翻邊完成,無(wú)需拉深。由于產(chǎn)品批量較大,不宜采用單一工序生產(chǎn),且不易保證內(nèi)外緣的同心度。而用級(jí)進(jìn)模結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜。采用復(fù)合??梢淮瓮瓿陕淞?、沖孔、內(nèi)外緣翻邊。 因?yàn)樵摴ぜ禽S對(duì)稱件,材料厚度僅為1.0mm,沖裁性能較好。為了減少工序數(shù)經(jīng)對(duì)該工件進(jìn)行詳細(xì)分析,并查閱有關(guān)資料后,可采用復(fù)合模一次壓制成形。該工藝特點(diǎn)是首先進(jìn)行落料,再?zèng)_孔,最后翻邊成形 。采用這種方法加工的工件外觀乎整、毛刺小、產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量較高,而且大大提高了生產(chǎn)效率。所以經(jīng)分析,決定設(shè)計(jì)復(fù)合摸來(lái)完成此工件的加工2.工藝參數(shù)的計(jì)算及方案的確定計(jì)算翻邊前是否需要進(jìn)行拉深,這要核算翻邊的變形程度,由模具設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè)查的極限翻邊系數(shù):Kmin=0.62,則可只允許的最大翻邊高度Hmax為:式中 Hmax最大翻邊高度D翻邊直徑r圓角半徑t材料厚度則 =5.93mm零件豎直高度H=4mmHmax=5.93mm所以翻邊時(shí)可一次翻邊成型,無(wú)需進(jìn)行拉深。根據(jù)以上分析計(jì)算,沖壓零件需要的基本工序是落料、沖孔、內(nèi)翻邊、外翻邊。3.模具總體結(jié)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)4.模具主要零件結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)的分析5.模具圖樣設(shè)計(jì)6.模具裝配與調(diào)試四、目標(biāo)、主要特色及工作進(jìn)度1.目標(biāo)已知軸蓋零件圖如下圖所示,設(shè)計(jì)一沖裁模加工此零件,要求模具高效,能夠滿足零件加工要求。2.主要特色該工件需要內(nèi)外緣同時(shí)翻邊,翻邊高度為4mm,由計(jì)算可知最大翻邊高度為Hmax=5.93mm,由此可知設(shè)計(jì)翻邊時(shí)可一次翻邊完成,無(wú)需拉深。由于產(chǎn)品批量較大,不宜采用單一工序生產(chǎn),且不易保證內(nèi)外緣的同心度。而用級(jí)進(jìn)模結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜。采用復(fù)合??梢淮瓮瓿陕淞稀_孔、內(nèi)外緣翻邊。4. 工作進(jìn)度1. 收集資料、外文資料翻譯、開(kāi)題報(bào)告 第1周第2周2. 提出合理的成型工藝 第3周第4周3. 確定合理的沖壓工藝方案 第5周第7周4. 進(jìn)行工藝參數(shù)的計(jì)算完成模具的設(shè)計(jì) 第8周第15周5. 撰寫(xiě)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)論文 第16周第17周五、參考文獻(xiàn)1 模具實(shí)用技術(shù)叢書(shū)編委會(huì)編.沖模設(shè)計(jì)應(yīng)用實(shí)例.機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社,99.52 許發(fā)樾主編.實(shí)用模具設(shè)計(jì)與制造手冊(cè).機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社,2003.23 機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社編寫(xiě)組.沖模設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè).機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社,2000.74 張先虎主編.機(jī)械制圖及微機(jī)繪圖.機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社,1999.95 Ye Zhonghe, Lan Zhaohui. Mechanisms and Machine Theory. Higher Education Press, 2001.7外文翻譯題目 某軸蓋零件復(fù)合模設(shè)計(jì)模具設(shè)計(jì)與制造模具是制造業(yè)的重要工藝基礎(chǔ),在我國(guó),模具制造屬于專用設(shè)備制造業(yè)。中國(guó)雖然很早就開(kāi)始制造模具和使用模具,但長(zhǎng)期未形成產(chǎn)業(yè)。直到20世紀(jì)80年代后期,中國(guó)模具工業(yè)才駛?cè)氚l(fā)展的快車(chē)道。近年,不僅國(guó)有模具企業(yè)有了很大發(fā)展,三資企業(yè)、鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)(個(gè)體)模具企業(yè)的發(fā)展也相當(dāng)迅速。 雖然中國(guó)模具工業(yè)發(fā)展迅速,但與需求相比,顯然供不應(yīng)求,其主要缺口集中于精密、大型、復(fù)雜、長(zhǎng)壽命模具領(lǐng)域。由于在模具精度、壽命、制造周期及生產(chǎn)能力等方面,中國(guó)與國(guó)際平均水平和發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家仍有較大差距,因此,每年需要大量進(jìn)口模具。 中國(guó)模具產(chǎn)業(yè)除了要繼續(xù)提高生產(chǎn)能力,今后更要著重于行業(yè)內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)的調(diào)整和技術(shù)發(fā)展水平的提高。結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整方面,主要是企業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)向?qū)I(yè)化調(diào)整,產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)向著中高檔模具發(fā)展,向進(jìn)出口結(jié)構(gòu)的改進(jìn),中高檔汽車(chē)覆蓋件模具成形分析及結(jié)構(gòu)改進(jìn)、多功能復(fù)合模具和復(fù)合加工及激光技術(shù)在模具設(shè)計(jì)制造上的應(yīng)用、高速切削、超精加工及拋光技術(shù)、信息化方向發(fā)展。 近年,模具行業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整和體制改革步伐加大,主要表現(xiàn)在,大型、精密、復(fù)雜、長(zhǎng)壽命、中高檔模具及模具標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件發(fā)展速度高于一般模具產(chǎn)品;塑料模和壓鑄模比例增大;專業(yè)模具廠數(shù)量及其生產(chǎn)能力增加;“三資”及私營(yíng)企業(yè)發(fā)展迅速;股份制改造步伐加快等。從地區(qū)分布來(lái)看,以珠江三角洲和長(zhǎng)江三角洲為中心的東南沿海地區(qū)發(fā)展快于中西部地區(qū),南方的發(fā)展快于北方。目前發(fā)展最快、模具生產(chǎn)最為集中的省份是廣東和浙江,江蘇、上海、安徽和山東等地近幾年也有較大發(fā)展。 雖然我國(guó)模具總量目前已達(dá)到相當(dāng)規(guī)模,模具水平也有很大提高,但設(shè)計(jì)制造水平總體上落后于德、美、日、法、意等工業(yè)發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家許多。當(dāng)前存在的問(wèn)題和差距主要表現(xiàn)在以下幾方面:(1)總量供不應(yīng)求 國(guó)內(nèi)模具自配率只有70%左右。其中低檔模具供過(guò)于求,中高檔模具自配率只有50%左右。 (2)企業(yè)組織結(jié)構(gòu)、產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)、技術(shù)結(jié)構(gòu)和進(jìn)出口結(jié)構(gòu)均不合理 我國(guó)模具生產(chǎn)廠中多數(shù)是自產(chǎn)自配的工模具車(chē)間(分廠),自產(chǎn)自配比例高達(dá)60%左右,而國(guó)外模具超過(guò)70%屬商品模具。專業(yè)模具廠大多是“大而全”、“小而全”的組織形式,而國(guó)外大多是“小而專”、“小而精”。國(guó)內(nèi)大型、精密、復(fù)雜、長(zhǎng)壽命的模具占總量比例不足30%,而國(guó)外在50%以上。2004年,模具進(jìn)出口之比為3.7:1,進(jìn)出口相抵后的凈進(jìn)口額達(dá)13.2億美元,為世界模具凈進(jìn)口量最大的國(guó)家。(3)模具產(chǎn)品水平大大低于國(guó)際水平,生產(chǎn)周期卻高于國(guó)際水平 產(chǎn)品水平低主要表現(xiàn)在模具的精度、型腔表面粗糙度、壽命及結(jié)構(gòu)等方面。 (4)開(kāi)發(fā)能力較差,經(jīng)濟(jì)效益欠佳 我國(guó)模具企業(yè)技術(shù)人員比例低,水平較低,且不重視產(chǎn)品開(kāi)發(fā),在市場(chǎng)中經(jīng)常處于被動(dòng)地位。我國(guó)每個(gè)模具職工平均年創(chuàng)造產(chǎn)值約合1萬(wàn)美元,國(guó)外模具工業(yè)發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家大多是1520萬(wàn)美元,有的高達(dá)2530萬(wàn)美元,與之相對(duì)的是我國(guó)相當(dāng)一部分模具企業(yè)還沿用過(guò)去作坊式管理,真正實(shí)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)代化企業(yè)管理的企業(yè)較少。 造成上述差距的原因很多,除了歷史上模具作為產(chǎn)品長(zhǎng)期未得到應(yīng)有的重視,以及多數(shù)國(guó)有企業(yè)機(jī)制不能適應(yīng)市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)之外,還有下列幾個(gè)原因: (1)國(guó)家對(duì)模具工業(yè)的政策支持力度還不夠 雖然國(guó)家已經(jīng)明確頒布了模具行業(yè)的產(chǎn)業(yè)政策,但配套政策少,執(zhí)行力度弱。目前享受模具產(chǎn)品增值稅的企業(yè)全國(guó)只有185家,大多數(shù)企業(yè)仍舊稅負(fù)過(guò)重。模具企業(yè)進(jìn)行技術(shù)改造引進(jìn)設(shè)備要繳納相當(dāng)數(shù)量的稅金,影響技術(shù)進(jìn)步,而且民營(yíng)企業(yè)貸款十分困難。 (2)人才嚴(yán)重不足,科研開(kāi)發(fā)及技術(shù)攻關(guān)投入太少 模具行業(yè)是技術(shù)、資金、勞動(dòng)密集的產(chǎn)業(yè),隨著時(shí)代的進(jìn)步和技術(shù)的發(fā)展,掌握并且熟練運(yùn)用新技術(shù)的人才異常短缺,高級(jí)模具鉗工及企業(yè)管理人才也非常緊張。由于模具企業(yè)效益欠佳及對(duì)科研開(kāi)發(fā)和技術(shù)攻關(guān)重視不夠,科研單位和大專院校的眼睛盯著創(chuàng)收,導(dǎo)致模具行業(yè)在科研開(kāi)發(fā)和技術(shù)攻關(guān)方面投入太少,致使模具技術(shù)發(fā)展步伐不大,進(jìn)展不快。 (3)工藝裝備水平低,且配套性不好,利用率低 近年來(lái)我國(guó)機(jī)床行業(yè)進(jìn)步較快,已能提供比較成套的高精度加工設(shè)備,但與國(guó)外裝備相比,仍有較大差距。雖然國(guó)內(nèi)許多企業(yè)已引進(jìn)許多國(guó)外先進(jìn)設(shè)備,但總體的裝備水平比國(guó)外許多企業(yè)低很多。由于體制和資金等方面的原因,引進(jìn)設(shè)備不配套,設(shè)備與附件不配套現(xiàn)象十分普遍,設(shè)備利用率低的問(wèn)題長(zhǎng)期得不到較妥善的解決。 (4)專業(yè)化、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化、商品化程度低,協(xié)作能力差 由于長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)受“大而全”“小而全”影響,模具專業(yè)化水平低,專業(yè)分工不細(xì)致,商品化程度低。目前國(guó)內(nèi)每年生產(chǎn)的模具,商品模具只占40%左右,其余為自產(chǎn)自用。模具企業(yè)之間協(xié)作不暢,難以完成較大規(guī)模的模具成套任務(wù)。模具標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化水平低,模具標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件使用覆蓋率低也對(duì)模具質(zhì)量、成本有較大影響,特別是對(duì)模具制造周期有很大影響。 (5)模具材料及模具相關(guān)技術(shù)落后 模具材料性能、質(zhì)量和品種問(wèn)題往往會(huì)影響模具質(zhì)量、壽命及成本,國(guó)產(chǎn)模具鋼與國(guó)外進(jìn)口鋼材相比有較大差距。塑料、板材、設(shè)備性能差,也直接影響模具水平的提高。 目前,我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)仍處于高速發(fā)展階段,國(guó)際上經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化發(fā)展趨勢(shì)日趨明顯,這為我國(guó)模具工業(yè)高速發(fā)展提供了良好的條件和機(jī)遇。一方面,國(guó)內(nèi)模具市場(chǎng)將繼續(xù)高速發(fā)展,另一方面,模具制造也逐漸向我國(guó)轉(zhuǎn)移以及跨國(guó)集團(tuán)到我國(guó)進(jìn)行模具采購(gòu)趨向也十分明顯。因此,放眼未來(lái),國(guó)際、國(guó)內(nèi)的模具市場(chǎng)總體發(fā)展趨勢(shì)前景看好,預(yù)計(jì)中國(guó)模具將在良好的市場(chǎng)環(huán)境下得到高速發(fā)展,我國(guó)不但會(huì)成為模具大國(guó),而且一定逐步向模具制造強(qiáng)國(guó)的行列邁進(jìn)?!笆晃濉逼陂g,中國(guó)模具工業(yè)水平不僅在量和質(zhì)的方面有很大提高,而且行業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)、產(chǎn)品水平、開(kāi)發(fā)創(chuàng)新能力、企業(yè)的體制與機(jī)制以及技術(shù)進(jìn)步的方面也會(huì)取得較大發(fā)展。 模具技術(shù)集合了機(jī)械、電子、化學(xué)、光學(xué)、材料、計(jì)算機(jī)、精密監(jiān)測(cè)和信息網(wǎng)絡(luò)等諸多學(xué)科,是一個(gè)綜合性多學(xué)科的系統(tǒng)工程。模具技術(shù)的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)主要是模具產(chǎn)品向著更大型、更精密、更復(fù)雜及更經(jīng)濟(jì)的方向發(fā)展,模具產(chǎn)品的技術(shù)含量不斷提高,模具制造周期不斷縮短,模具生產(chǎn)朝著信息化、無(wú)圖化、精細(xì)化、自動(dòng)化的方向發(fā)展,模具企業(yè)向著技術(shù)集成化、設(shè)備精良化、產(chǎn)批品牌化、管理信息化、經(jīng)營(yíng)國(guó)際化的方向發(fā)展。我國(guó)模具行業(yè)今后仍需提高的共性技術(shù)有: (1)建立在CAD/CAE平臺(tái)上的先進(jìn)模具設(shè)計(jì)技術(shù),提高模具設(shè)計(jì)的現(xiàn)代化、信息化、智能化、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化水平。 (2)建立在CAM/CAPP基礎(chǔ)上的先進(jìn)模具加工技術(shù)與先進(jìn)制造技術(shù)相結(jié)合,提高模具加工的自動(dòng)化水平與生產(chǎn)效率。 (3)模具生產(chǎn)企業(yè)的信息化管理技術(shù)。例如PDM(產(chǎn)品數(shù)據(jù)管理)、ERP(企業(yè)資源管理)、MIS(模具制造管理信息系統(tǒng))及INTERMET平臺(tái)等信息網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)的應(yīng)用、推廣及發(fā)展。 (4)高速、高精、復(fù)合模具加工技術(shù)的研究與應(yīng)用。例如超精沖壓模具制造技術(shù)、精密塑料和壓鑄模具制造技術(shù)等。 (5)提高模具生產(chǎn)效率、降低成本和縮短模具生產(chǎn)周期的各種快速經(jīng)濟(jì)模具制造技術(shù)。 (6)先進(jìn)制造技術(shù)的應(yīng)用。例如熱流道技術(shù)、氣輔技術(shù)、虛擬技術(shù)、納米技術(shù)、高速掃描技術(shù)、逆向工程、并行工程等技術(shù)在模具研究、開(kāi)發(fā)、加工過(guò)程中的應(yīng)用(7)原材料在模具中成形的仿真技術(shù)。 (8)先進(jìn)的模具加工和專有設(shè)備的研究與開(kāi)發(fā)。 (9)模具及模具標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件、重要輔件的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化技術(shù)。 (10)模具及其制品的檢測(cè)技術(shù)。 (11)優(yōu)質(zhì)、新型模具材料的研究與開(kāi)發(fā)及其正確應(yīng)用。 (12)模具生產(chǎn)企業(yè)的現(xiàn)代化管理技術(shù)。 模具行業(yè)在“十一五”期間需要解決的重點(diǎn)關(guān)鍵技術(shù)應(yīng)是模具信息化、數(shù)字化技術(shù)和精密、超精、高速、高效制造技術(shù)方面的突破。 隨著國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)總量和工業(yè)產(chǎn)品技術(shù)的不斷發(fā)展,各行各業(yè)對(duì)模具的需求量越來(lái)越大,技術(shù)要求也越來(lái)越高。雖然模具種類繁多,但其發(fā)展重點(diǎn)應(yīng)該是既能滿足大量需要,又有較高技術(shù)含量,特別是目前國(guó)內(nèi)尚不能自給,需大量進(jìn)口的模具和能代表發(fā)展方向的大型、精密、復(fù)雜、長(zhǎng)壽命模具。模具標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件的種類、數(shù)量、水平、生產(chǎn)集中度等對(duì)整個(gè)模具行業(yè)的發(fā)展有重大影響。因此,一些重要的模具標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件也必須重點(diǎn)發(fā)展,而且其發(fā)展速度應(yīng)快于模具的發(fā)展速度,這樣才能不斷提高我國(guó)模具標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化水平,從而提高模具質(zhì)量,縮短模具生產(chǎn)周期,降低成本。由于我國(guó)的模具產(chǎn)品在國(guó)際市場(chǎng)上占有較大的價(jià)格優(yōu)勢(shì),因此對(duì)于出口前景好的模具產(chǎn)品也應(yīng)作為重點(diǎn)來(lái)發(fā)展。根據(jù)上述需要量大、技術(shù)含量高、代表發(fā)展方向、出口前景好的原則選擇重點(diǎn)發(fā)展產(chǎn)品,而且所選產(chǎn)品必須目前已有一定技術(shù)基礎(chǔ),屬于有條件、有可能發(fā)展起來(lái)的產(chǎn)品。 根據(jù)“十一五”模具行業(yè)發(fā)展規(guī)劃,“十一五”期間模具產(chǎn)品發(fā)展重點(diǎn)主要有如下幾類: (1)汽車(chē)覆蓋件模具沖壓模具占模具總量的40%以上。汽車(chē)覆蓋件模具主要為汽車(chē)配套,也包括為農(nóng)用車(chē)、工程機(jī)械和農(nóng)機(jī)配套的覆蓋件模具,它在沖壓模具中具有很大的代表性,模具大都是大中型,結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜,技術(shù)要求高。尤其是為轎車(chē)配套的覆蓋件模具,要求更高,可以代表沖壓模具的水平。此類模具我國(guó)已有一定的技術(shù)基礎(chǔ),已為中檔轎車(chē)配套,但水平還不高,能力不足,目前滿足率只有一半左右。中高檔轎車(chē)覆蓋件模具主要依靠進(jìn)口,已成為汽車(chē)發(fā)展的瓶頸,極大的影響著車(chē)型開(kāi)發(fā)。 (2)精密沖壓模具 多工位級(jí)進(jìn)模和精沖模代表了沖壓模具的發(fā)展方向,精度要求壽命要求極高,主要為電子工業(yè)、汽車(chē)、儀器儀表、電機(jī)電器等配套。這兩種模具,國(guó)內(nèi)已有相當(dāng)基礎(chǔ),并已引進(jìn)了國(guó)外技術(shù)及設(shè)備,個(gè)別企業(yè)生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品已達(dá)到世界水平,但大部分企業(yè)仍有較大差距,供應(yīng)總量不足,進(jìn)口很多。 (3)大型精密塑料模具 塑料模具占模具總量近40%,而且這個(gè)比例還在上升。塑料模具中為汽車(chē)和家電配套的大型注塑模具,為集成電路配套的塑封模,為電子信息產(chǎn)業(yè)和機(jī)械及包裝配套的多層、多腔、多材質(zhì)、多色精密注塑模,為新型建材及節(jié)水農(nóng)業(yè)配套的塑料異型材擠出模及管路和噴頭模具等,目前雖然已有相當(dāng)技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)并正在快速發(fā)展,但技術(shù)水平與國(guó)外仍有較大差距,總量供不應(yīng)求,每年的進(jìn)口額達(dá)幾億美元。 (4)主要模具標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件 目前國(guó)內(nèi)已有較大產(chǎn)量的模具標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件主要是模架、導(dǎo)向件、推桿推管、彈性元件等。這些產(chǎn)品不但國(guó)內(nèi)配套大量需要,出口前景也很好,應(yīng)繼續(xù)大力發(fā)展。氮?dú)飧缀蜔崃鞯涝饕揽窟M(jìn)口,應(yīng)在現(xiàn)有基礎(chǔ)上提高水平,形成標(biāo)準(zhǔn)并組織規(guī)?;a(chǎn)。 (5)其他高技術(shù)含量的模具 占模具總量給8%的壓鑄模具中,大型薄壁精密壓鑄技術(shù)含量高,難度大。鎂合金壓鑄模具目前雖然剛起步,但發(fā)展前景好,有代表性。子午線橡膠輪胎模具也是發(fā)展方向,其中活絡(luò)模技術(shù)難度最大。與快速成型技術(shù)相結(jié)合的一些快速制模技術(shù)及相應(yīng)的快速經(jīng)濟(jì)模具具有很好的發(fā)展前景。這些高技術(shù)含量的模具在“十一五”期間也應(yīng)重點(diǎn)發(fā)展。Mold design and manufactureThe mold is the manufacturing industry important craft foundation, in our country, the mold manufacture belongs to the special purpose equipment manufacturing industry. China although very already starts to make the mold and the use mold, but long-term has not formed the industry. Straight stabs 0 centuries 80s later periods, the Chinese mold industry only then drives into the development speedway. Recent years, not only the state-owned mold enterprise had the very big development, the three investments enterprise, the villages and towns (individual) the mold enterprises development also quite rapid .Although the Chinese mold industrial development rapid, but compares with the demand, obviously falls short of demand, its main gap concentrates precisely to, large-scale, is complex, the long life mold domain. As a result of in aspect and so on mold precision, life, manufacture cycle and productivity, China and the international average horizontal and the developed country still had a bigger disparity, therefore, needed massively to import the mold every year .The Chinese mold industry except must continue to sharpen the productivity, from now on will have emphatically to the profession internal structure adjustment and the state-of-art enhancement. The structure adjustment aspect, mainly is the enterprise structure to the specialized adjustment, the product structure to center the upscale mold development, to the import and export structure improvement, center the upscale automobile cover mold forming analysis and the structure improvement, the multi-purpose compound mold and the compound processing and the laser technology in the mold design manufacture application, the high-speed cutting, the super finishing and polished the technology, the information direction develops .The recent years, the mold profession structure adjustment and the organizational reform step enlarges, mainly displayed in, large-scale, precise, was complex, the long life, center the upscale mold and the mold standard letter development speed is higher than the common mold product; The plastic mold and the compression casting mold proportion increases; Specialized mold factory quantity and its productivity increase; The three investments and the private enterprise develops rapidly; The joint stock system transformation step speeds up and so on. Distributes from the area looked, take Zhujiang Delta and Yangtze River delta as central southeast coastal area development quickly to mid-west area, south development quickly to north. At present develops quickest, the mold produces the most centralized province is Guangdong and Zhejiang, places such as Jiangsu, Shanghai, Anhui and Shandong also has a bigger development in recent years.Although our country mold total quantity had at present achieved the suitable scale, the mold level also has the very big enhancement, after but design manufacture horizontal overall rise and fall industry developed country and so on Yu De, America, date, France, Italy many. The current existence question and the disparity mainly display in following several aspects:(1) The total quantity falls short of demand Domestic mold assembling oneself rate only ,about 70%. Low-grade mold , center upscale mold assembling oneself rate only has 50% about .(2) The enterprise organizational structure, the product structure, the technical structure and the import and export structure does not gatherIin our country mold production factory to be most is from the labor mold workshop which produces assembles oneself (branch factory), from produces assembles oneself the proportion to reach as high as about 60%, but the overseas mold ultra 70% is the commodity mold. The specialized mold factory mostly is large and complete, small and entire organization form, but overseas mostly is small but, is specially small and fine. Domestic large-scale, precise, complex, the long life mold accounts for the total quantity proportion to be insufficient 30%, but overseas in 50% above 2004 years, ratio of the mold import and export is 3.7:1, the import and export balances the after net import volume to amount to 1.32 billion US dollars, is world mold net import quantity biggest country .(3) The mold product level greatly is lower than the international standardThe production cycle actually is higher than the international water broad product level low mainly to display in the mold precision, cavity aspect and so on surface roughness, life and structure .(4) Develops the ability badly, economic efficiency unsatisfactory our country mold enterprise technical personnel proportion lowThe level is lower, also does not take the product development, frequently is in the passive position in the market. Our country each mold staff average year creation output value approximately ,ten thousand US dollars, overseas mold industry developed country mostly 15 to10,000 US dollars, some reach as high as 25 to10,000 US dollars, relative is our country quite part of molds enterprises also continues to use the workshop type management with it, truly realizes the enterprise which the modernized enterprise manages few To create the above disparity the reason to be very many, the mold long-term has not obtained the value besides the history in as the product which should have, as well as the most state-owned enterprises mechanism cannot adapt the market economy, but also has the following several reasons: .(1) Country to mold industry policy support dynamics also insufficientlyAlthough the country already was clear about has promulgated the mold profession industrial policy, but necessary policy few, carried out dynamics to be weak. At present enjoyed the mold product increment duty enterprise nation 185, the majority enterprise still the tax burden is only overweight. The mold enterprise carries on the technological transformations introduction equipment to have to pay the considerable amount the tax money, affects the technology advancement, moreover privately operated enterprise loan extremely difficult .(2) Talented person serious insufficient, the scientific research development and the technical attack investment too urine Mold profession is the technology, the fund, the work crowded industry, along with the time progress and the technical development, grasps the talented person which and skilled utilizes the new technology exceptionally short, the high-quality mold fitter and the enterprise management talent extremely is also anxious. Because the mold enterprise benefit unsatisfactory and takes insufficiently the scientific research development and the technical attack, the scientific research unit and the universities, colleges and institutes eye stares at is creating income, causes the mold profession invests too few in the scientific research development and the technical attack aspect, causes the mold technological development step not to be big, progresses not quick .(3) The craft equipment level to be low, also necessary is not good, the use factor low recent years our country engine bed profession progressed quickly, has been able to provide the quite complete precision work equipment, but compared with the overseas equipment, still had a bigger disparity. Although the domestic many enterprises have introduced many overseas advanced equipment, but the overall equipment level low are very more than the overseas many enterprises. As a result of aspect the and so on system and fund reason, introduces the equipment not not necessary, the equipment and the appendix not necessary phenomenon are extremely common, the equipment utilization rate low question cannot obtain the comparatively properly solution for a long time .(4) Specialization, standardization, commercialized degree low, the cooperation ability Because receives large and complete small and entire the influence since long ago, mold specialization level low, the specialized labor division is not careful, the commercialized degree is low. At present domestic every year produces mold, commodity mold minister 40% About, other for from produce uses for oneself. Between the mold enterprise cooperates impeded, completes the comparatively large-scale mold complete task with difficulty. Mold standardization level low, mold standard letter use cave rare is low also to the mold quality, the cost has a more tremendous influence, specially has very tremendous influence .(5) To the mold manufacture cycle) the mold material and the mold correlation technology falls The mold material performance, the quality and the variety question often can affect the mold quality, the life and the cost, the domestically produced molding tool steel and overseas imports the steel products to compare has a bigger disparity. Plastic, plate, equipment energy balance, also direct influence mold level enhancement .At present, our country economy still was at the high speed development phase, on the international economical globalization development tendency is day by day obvious, this has provided the good condition and the opportunity for the our country mold industry high speed development. On the one hand, the domestic mold market will continue high speed to develop, on the other hand, the mold manufacture also gradually will shift as well as the transnational group to our country carries on the mold purchase trend to our country extremely to be also obvious. Therefore, will take a broad view the future, international, the domestic mold market overall development tendency prospect will favor, estimated the Chinese mold will obtain the high speed development under the good market environment, our country not only can become the mold great nation, moreover certainly gradually will make the powerful nation to the mold the ranks to make great strides forward. 15 period, the Chinese mold industry level not only has the very big enhancement in the quantity and the archery target aspect, moreover the profession structure, the product level, the development innovation ability, enterprises system and the mechanism as well as the technology advancement aspect also can obtain a bigger development .The mold technology has gathered the machinery, the electron, chemistry, optics, the material, the computer, the precise monitor and the information network and so on many disciplines, is a comprehensive nature multi-disciplinary systems engineering. The mold technology development tendency mainly is the mold product to larger-scale, preciser, more complex and a more economical direction develops, the mold product technical content unceasingly enhances, the mold manufacture cycle unceasingly reduces, the mold production faces the information, is not having the chart, is fine, the automated direction develops, the mold enterprise to the technical integration, the equipment excellent, is producing approves the brand, the management information, the management internationalization direction develops. Our country mold profession still will have to enhance from now on the general character technology had :(1) To establish in the CAD/CAE platform the advanced mold design technology, enhances modernization which the mold designed, information, intellectualization, standardized level .(2) Establishes in the CAM/CAPP foundation the advanced mold processing technology and the advanced manufacture technology unifies, raises the automated level and the production efficiency which the mold processes .(3) The mold production enterprises information management technology. For example PDM (product data management), ERP (enterprise resource management), MIS (mold manufacture management information system) and information network technology the and so on INTERMET platform application, the promotion and the development .(4) Are high speed, Gao Jing, the compound mold processing technology research and the application. For example the ultra fine ramming mold manufacture technology, the precise plastic and the compression casting mold manufacture technology and so on .(5) Enhances the mold production efficiency, reduces the cost and reduces the mold production cycle each kind of fast economical mold manufacture technology .(6) The advanced manufacture technology application. For example hot technology and so on flow channel technology, gas auxiliary technology, hypothesized technology, nanotechnology, rapid scanning technology, reversion project, parallel project in the mold research, the development, the processing process application .(7) The raw material the simulation technology which forms in the mold .(8) The advanced mold processing and the appropriation equipment research and the development .(9) The mold and the mold standard letter, the important auxiliary standardized technology .(10) The mold and its the product examination technology.(11) High quality, the new mold material research and the development and its the correct application .(12) The mold production enterprises modern management technology Mold profession in 十15 period needs to solve the key essential technology should be the mold information, the digitized technology and precise, ultra fine, high speed, the highly effective manufacture technology aspect breakthrough Along with the national economy total quantity and the industry product technology unceasing development, all the various trades and occupations to the mold demand quantity more and more big, the specification more and more is also high.Although mold type many, but its development should be with emphasis both can meet the massive needs, and has the comparatively high-tech content, specially at present domestic still could not be self-sufficient, needs the massive imports the mold and can represent the development direction large-scale, precise, is complex, the long life mold. The mold standard letter type, the quantity, the level, the production a and so on have the significant influence to the entire mold profession development. Therefore, some important mold standard letters also must the prioritize, moreover its development speed should quickly to the mold development speed, like this be able unceasingly to raise our country mold standardization level, thus improves the mold quality, reduces the mold production cycle, reduces the cost. Because our country mold product holds the bigger price superiority in the international market, therefore regarding the exportation prospect good mold product also should take key develops. According to the above required quantity big, the technical content is high, represents the development direction, the export prospect good principle choice prioritize product, moreover chooses the product to have at present to have the certain technology base, belongs has the condition, has the product which the possibility develops .According to 十15 the mold profession development plan, 十15 the period mold product development mainly has following several kind of the automobile cover mold (1)Ramming mold to occupy The mold total quantity dish with emphasis above 40%. Automobile cover mold mainly for automobile necessary, also includes for the agriculture with the vehicle, the project machinery and the farm machinery necessary cover mold, it has the very big representation in the ramming mold, the mold mostly is larg
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