汽車起重機的舉升機構(gòu)的設(shè)計【優(yōu)秀課程畢業(yè)設(shè)計含5張CAD圖紙+帶任務(wù)書+開題報告+文獻綜述+外文翻譯】

汽車起重機起升機構(gòu)和液壓系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計

摘要

本設(shè)計介紹了汽車液壓起重機的工作原理，并詳細介紹了起升機構(gòu)設(shè)計計算的全過程，其中包括起升機構(gòu)的工作原理，參數(shù)確定，結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計等。該設(shè)計汽車起重機的起升機構(gòu)采用定量高速液壓馬達，減速器，制動器，聯(lián)軸器及卷筒組成。根據(jù)液壓系統(tǒng)的技術(shù)指標(biāo)對該系統(tǒng)進行整體方案設(shè)計，對其功能和工作原理進行分析，初步確定了系統(tǒng)各回路的基本結(jié)構(gòu)及主要元件，按照所給機構(gòu)性能參數(shù)和液壓性能參數(shù)進行元件的選擇計算，以滿足該起重機所要達到的要求。

關(guān)鍵詞：汽車起重機；起升機構(gòu)；液壓系統(tǒng)；設(shè)計

Design of hoisting mechanism and hydraulic

system for truck crane

ABSTRACT

The design introduce the principle of the Automobile Hydraulic cranes, and details calculation of the entire process on the lifting body design , including lifting the principle and parameters, structural design. The design of the truck crane from the use of quantitative motor and institutions, reducers, brakes, couplings and reel components. According to the hydraulic system of technical indicators of the overall system design, its functions and working principles for analysis, determined the loop system and the basic structure of the main components, according to the agency by the performance parameters and performance parameters of hydraulic components the choice of terms, for the crane achieve the requirements.

Key words:Truck crane；Lifting mechanism；

          Hydraulic system；Design

目錄

摘要···································································································Ⅰ

ABSTRACT·······················································································Ⅱ

前言·····································································································1

1汽車起重機的類型與結(jié)構(gòu)·································································2

1.1汽車起重機的分類·········································································2

1.2汽車起重機的結(jié)構(gòu)及舉升機構(gòu)的特點············································2

1.3汽車起重機液壓系統(tǒng)的構(gòu)成形式···················································3

1.4 汽車起重機的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r·································································4

2汽車起重機舉升機構(gòu)設(shè)計·································································6

2.1確定舉升機構(gòu)傳動方案··································································6

2.2舉升機構(gòu)的設(shè)計計算······································································6

2.2.1鋼絲繩的選擇················································································6

2.2.2卷筒的設(shè)計計算············································································7

2.2.3滑輪的選用··················································································11

2.2.4吊鉤的選用··················································································13

2.2.5液壓馬達的選擇···········································································14

2.2.6液壓泵的選擇··············································································15

2.2.7減速器的選擇··············································································17

2.2.8制動器的選擇··············································································18

2.2.9 聯(lián)軸器的選擇·············································································20

3液壓系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計··············································································20

3.1 液壓系統(tǒng)主要組成······································································20

3.2 舉升機構(gòu)的液壓回路··································································21

3.3變幅機構(gòu)液壓回路········································································22

3.4 回轉(zhuǎn)機構(gòu)液壓回路······································································23

3.5吊臂伸縮機構(gòu)液壓回路································································23

3.6支腿液壓回路···············································································24

4總結(jié)·································································································26

致謝···································································································27

參考文獻····························································································28

【詳情如下】【需要咨詢購買全套設(shè)計請加QQ1459919609】

舉升機構(gòu)裝配圖.dwg

卷筒組裝配圖.dwg

卷筒軸.dwg

圖紙匯總.dwg

外文翻譯.doc

摘要.doc

文件清單.txt

汽車起重機舉升機構(gòu)的設(shè)計任務(wù)書.doc

汽車起重機的舉升機構(gòu)的設(shè)計開題報告.doc

汽車起重機的舉升機構(gòu)的設(shè)計文獻綜述.doc

汽車起重機的舉升機構(gòu)的設(shè)計說明書.doc

汽車起重機的舉升機構(gòu)設(shè)計

液壓系統(tǒng)圖.dwg

滑輪吊鉤組.dwg

目錄.doc

共 15 頁 第 1 頁 譯文標(biāo)題 起重機的發(fā)展與介紹 原文標(biāo)題 者 譯 名 埃爾克森 國 籍 美國 原文出處 譯文： 發(fā)展 隨著現(xiàn)代科學(xué)技術(shù)的迅速發(fā)展，工業(yè)生產(chǎn)規(guī)模的擴大和自動化程度的提高，起重機在現(xiàn)代化生產(chǎn)過程中應(yīng)用越來越廣，作用愈來愈大，對起重機的要求也越來越高。尤其是計算機技術(shù)的廣泛應(yīng)用，許多跨學(xué)科的先進設(shè)計方法出現(xiàn)，這些都促使起重機的技術(shù)進入嶄新的發(fā)展階段。 起重機發(fā)展趨勢 ,輕型化和多樣化 。 有相當(dāng)批量的起重機是在通用 的場合使用，工作并不很繁重。這類起重機批量大、用途廣，考慮綜合效益，要求起重機盡量降低外形高度，簡化結(jié)構(gòu)，減小自重和輪壓，也可使整個建筑物高度下降，建筑結(jié)構(gòu)輕型化，降低造價。因此電動葫蘆橋式起重機和梁式起重機會有更快的發(fā)展，并將大部分取代中小噸位的一般用途橋式起重機。德國德馬格公司經(jīng)過幾十年的開發(fā)和創(chuàng)新，已形成了一個輕型組合式的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)起重機系列。起重量為 1，工作級別為 個系列由工字形和箱型單梁、懸掛箱形單梁、角形小車箱形單梁和箱形雙梁等多個品種組成。主梁與端梁相接以及起重小車的布置有多種型 式，可適合不同建筑物及不同起吊高度的要求。根據(jù)用戶需要每種規(guī)格起重機都有三種單速及三種雙速供任意選擇，還可以選用變頻調(diào)速。操縱方式有地面手電門自行移動、手電門隨小車移動、手電門固定、無線遙控、司機室固定、司機室隨小車移動、司機室自行移動等七種選擇。大車及小車的供電有電纜小車導(dǎo)電、 統(tǒng)兩種方式。如此多的選擇項，通過不同的組合，可搭配成百上千種起重機，充分滿足用戶不同的需求。這種起重機的另一最大優(yōu)點是輕型化，自重輕、輪壓輕、外形尺寸高度小，可大大降低廠房建筑物的建造成本，同時也可減小起重機的運行功率和運行 成本。與通用產(chǎn)品相比較，起重量為 10t，跨度 用雙梁橋式起重機自重是 24t，起重機軌面以上高度 1876重機寬度 5980 德馬格起重機的自重只有 量輕了 176%，起重機軌面以上高度為 920低了 104%，起重機寬度為 2980形尺寸減少了 100%。 自動化和智能化 ,起重機的更新和發(fā)展，在很大程度上取決于電氣傳動與控制的改進 ,實現(xiàn)起重機的自動化和智能化。大型高效起重機的新一代電氣控制裝置已發(fā)展為全電子數(shù)字化控制系統(tǒng)。主要由全數(shù)字化控制驅(qū)動裝置、可編程序控制 器、故障診斷及數(shù)據(jù)管理系統(tǒng)、數(shù)字化操縱給定檢測等設(shè)備組成。變壓變頻調(diào)速、射頻數(shù)據(jù)通訊、故障自診監(jiān)控、吊具防搖的模糊控制、激光查找起吊物重心、近場感應(yīng)防碰撞技術(shù)、現(xiàn)場總線、載波通訊及控制、無接觸供電及三維條形碼技術(shù)等將廣泛得到應(yīng)用。使起重機具有更高的柔性，以適合多批次少批量的柔性生產(chǎn)模式，提高單機綜合自動化水平。重點開發(fā)以微處理機為核心的高性能電氣傳動裝置，使起重機具有優(yōu)良的調(diào)速和靜動特性，可進行操作的自動控制、自動顯示與記錄，起重機運行的自動保護與自動檢測，特殊場合的遠距離遙控等，以適應(yīng)自動化生產(chǎn)的需要。 介紹 在修橋筑路等建設(shè)中，常常有大量的物料、零部件、成品需要運輸，大量的 共 15 頁 第 2 頁 物料搬運在建筑工地、采石廠、鐵路、港口和倉庫中都存在。水泥廠、灰泥廠和長期加強混泥產(chǎn)品都需要各種物料提升機械。在倉庫等場所所做維修工作，也將用到起重機械可作間歇作業(yè)或連續(xù)作業(yè)。 根據(jù)機械作用目的不同，可分為以下主要兩類： a 起重機械 如：絞車、千斤頂、升降機和連續(xù)起重機； b 運輸機械：各種運輸設(shè)備（傳送帶、吊桶、螺旋機、纜索、氣后操縱設(shè)備）和裝載設(shè)備（叉車、單斗車）。 1. 起重機主要參數(shù) （ 1） 提升能力：特定條件下起重機最大吊起 量。 （ 2） 提升高度：從地面把貨物提升到最大位置時吊鉤中心的最低點的垂直距離。 （ 3） 幅度：起重機旋轉(zhuǎn)軸線到取物裝置中心線之間的距離。 （ 4） 跨度：起重機運行軌道軸線之間的水平距離。 （ 5） 工作速度：起重各機構(gòu)（提升、運行、下降、旋轉(zhuǎn)）的速度。 （ 6） 空間尺寸和重量 （ 7） 穩(wěn)定性：固定起重機的錨釘、壓板或其它裝置應(yīng)保證起重機在工作情況下，起重臂各個方向的穩(wěn)定保證，在暴風(fēng)雨等惡劣條件下起重機穩(wěn)定。 如果是有軌起重機，固定裝置在計算起重機穩(wěn)定性時不應(yīng)計算在內(nèi)。 2. 起重機的重要零件 吊鉤 吊鉤用來提取重物，可分為單鉤和多鉤或板鉤。盡管通常的做法是將吊鉤懸掛在（滑輪組）殼體內(nèi)的滑輪上，當(dāng)裝卸小負荷（重小于 3 噸）時，吊鉤可直接裝在鋼絲繩方向自由運動。當(dāng)貨物達到 40 噸時應(yīng)采用抗剪鉚接吊鉤 三角型 鉤，還需裝置鎖定機構(gòu)，防止吊鉤旋轉(zhuǎn)。 鋼絲繩 鋼絲繩是由可彎曲的能傳遞力的重要零件。鋼絲繩由直徑 鋼絲纏繞而成，可承受 1400拉力，鋼絲繩有不同的形式，建筑或道路建設(shè)中經(jīng)常采用直徑為 1各種 材料雙向繞（正向和反向）鋼絲繩。 雙繞鋼絲繩是用預(yù)先繞成螺旋狀的鋼絲般制造的，鋼絲的纏繞方式和鋼絲繩的纏繞方式是一樣的，正向繞制的鋼絲繩中的雙繞鋼絲是反向絞繞的。為使鋼絲繩有足夠的可繞性和潤滑性，可采用浸泡在潤滑油的纖維繩芯。在起重領(lǐng)域還可碰到一種特殊的編織而成的鋼絲繩。這種繩一般用于觸輪設(shè)備，它的表面形成特殊的潤滑層，這種繩可繞性低，但防潮耐用。 滑輪和卷筒 滑輪的作用是導(dǎo)向和支承鋼絲繩。 滑輪上的槽的邊緣要有規(guī)定的形狀以免夾住鋼絲繩。 滑輪的名義直徑為滑輪槽底直徑 D，滑輪直徑的大小直接影響鋼絲繩的彎曲力 的大小和鋼絲繩的壽命，用此滑輪直徑的選擇一定要按照標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。 在提升或拖拉貨物時，鋼絲繩會在光滑的有槽的卷筒表面受到損害。 還使單根繩子上的壓力較小，這樣可以延長鋼絲繩的壽命。 制動器 制動裝置是起重機提升重物過程的一個重要裝置電力起重機裝有一個自動的電控制動器，當(dāng)貨物突然失控時它將由交流螺旋線圈起動，為防止重物下降時失速，有時裝上一個離心式制動器，但采用電位計動態(tài)控制的電制動器能使重物放慢速度達到正確移動效果，產(chǎn)生的力矩可使功力裝置對其靈活的控制。在沃特連納德系統(tǒng)中經(jīng)常會用到一個大型動力裝置，它可以單一控制的 傳動裝置高速，它 共 15 頁 第 3 頁 的動力發(fā)生器可節(jié)約通用控制器的花費，制動器由高強度金屬制成，有光滑的摩擦表面、無裂紋 . 共 15 頁 第 4 頁 原文： of of of of in of of of a of of a is in is of is to as as is to a of in a 1by is so on is as as of up of to to u to is so on of VS so of of of is is is 0t, 4t, 87698076%, 2004%, 98000%. is in by of by so on is up of 共 15 頁 第 5 頁 so on to a of as to on so of to be in in in or by in of as do is or on it of a、 b、 1） he be （ 2） he or of of is in （ 3） he of a of （ 4） he of of （ 5） he of （ 6） （ 7） he or of be as to in be If is to be of to or To a be to of is to in a a to 0 of or of a be to of as to .5 mm mm in 共 15 頁 第 6 頁 an 400in a of in or 1 mm 2 mm in a of of of of in is as of in so of of in is to in of of on a in to a a to by of on is so as to of is of by of of be in a or of be in of a or A in a a on in ne of is on an by or on by a is to it is to of as on of of an be by a to a so up to it to is as it a of of in of of a a 共 15 頁 第 7 頁 指 導(dǎo) 教 師 評 語 外文翻譯成績： 指導(dǎo)教師簽字： 年 月 日 注： 1. 指導(dǎo)教師對譯文進行評閱時應(yīng)注意以下幾個方面：①翻譯的外文文獻與畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）的主題是否高度相關(guān)，并作為外文 參考文獻列入畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）的參考文獻；②翻譯的外文文獻字數(shù)是否 共 15 頁 第 8 頁 達到規(guī)定數(shù)量（ 3 000 字以上）；③譯文語言是否準(zhǔn)確、通順、具有參考價值。 2. 外文原文應(yīng)以附件的方式置于譯文之后。