汽車起重機(jī)的舉升機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)【優(yōu)秀課程畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)含5張CAD圖紙+帶任務(wù)書(shū)+開(kāi)題報(bào)告+文獻(xiàn)綜述+外文翻譯】

汽車起重機(jī)起升機(jī)構(gòu)和液壓系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)

摘要

本設(shè)計(jì)介紹了汽車液壓起重機(jī)的工作原理，并詳細(xì)介紹了起升機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算的全過(guò)程，其中包括起升機(jī)構(gòu)的工作原理，參數(shù)確定，結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)等。該設(shè)計(jì)汽車起重機(jī)的起升機(jī)構(gòu)采用定量高速液壓馬達(dá)，減速器，制動(dòng)器，聯(lián)軸器及卷筒組成。根據(jù)液壓系統(tǒng)的技術(shù)指標(biāo)對(duì)該系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行整體方案設(shè)計(jì)，對(duì)其功能和工作原理進(jìn)行分析，初步確定了系統(tǒng)各回路的基本結(jié)構(gòu)及主要元件，按照所給機(jī)構(gòu)性能參數(shù)和液壓性能參數(shù)進(jìn)行元件的選擇計(jì)算，以滿足該起重機(jī)所要達(dá)到的要求。

關(guān)鍵詞：汽車起重機(jī)；起升機(jī)構(gòu)；液壓系統(tǒng)；設(shè)計(jì)

Design of hoisting mechanism and hydraulic

system for truck crane

ABSTRACT

The design introduce the principle of the Automobile Hydraulic cranes, and details calculation of the entire process on the lifting body design , including lifting the principle and parameters, structural design. The design of the truck crane from the use of quantitative motor and institutions, reducers, brakes, couplings and reel components. According to the hydraulic system of technical indicators of the overall system design, its functions and working principles for analysis, determined the loop system and the basic structure of the main components, according to the agency by the performance parameters and performance parameters of hydraulic components the choice of terms, for the crane achieve the requirements.

Key words:Truck crane；Lifting mechanism；

          Hydraulic system；Design

目錄

摘要···································································································Ⅰ

ABSTRACT·······················································································Ⅱ

前言·····································································································1

1汽車起重機(jī)的類型與結(jié)構(gòu)·································································2

1.1汽車起重機(jī)的分類·········································································2

1.2汽車起重機(jī)的結(jié)構(gòu)及舉升機(jī)構(gòu)的特點(diǎn)············································2

1.3汽車起重機(jī)液壓系統(tǒng)的構(gòu)成形式···················································3

1.4 汽車起重機(jī)的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r·································································4

2汽車起重機(jī)舉升機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)·································································6

2.1確定舉升機(jī)構(gòu)傳動(dòng)方案··································································6

2.2舉升機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算······································································6

2.2.1鋼絲繩的選擇················································································6

2.2.2卷筒的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算············································································7

2.2.3滑輪的選用··················································································11

2.2.4吊鉤的選用··················································································13

2.2.5液壓馬達(dá)的選擇···········································································14

2.2.6液壓泵的選擇··············································································15

2.2.7減速器的選擇··············································································17

2.2.8制動(dòng)器的選擇··············································································18

2.2.9 聯(lián)軸器的選擇·············································································20

3液壓系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)··············································································20

3.1 液壓系統(tǒng)主要組成······································································20

3.2 舉升機(jī)構(gòu)的液壓回路··································································21

3.3變幅機(jī)構(gòu)液壓回路········································································22

3.4 回轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)構(gòu)液壓回路······································································23

3.5吊臂伸縮機(jī)構(gòu)液壓回路································································23

3.6支腿液壓回路···············································································24

4總結(jié)·································································································26

致謝···································································································27

參考文獻(xiàn)····························································································28

【詳情如下】【需要咨詢購(gòu)買全套設(shè)計(jì)請(qǐng)加QQ1459919609】

舉升機(jī)構(gòu)裝配圖.dwg

卷筒組裝配圖.dwg

卷筒軸.dwg

圖紙匯總.dwg

外文翻譯.doc

摘要.doc

文件清單.txt

汽車起重機(jī)舉升機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)書(shū).doc

汽車起重機(jī)的舉升機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)開(kāi)題報(bào)告.doc

汽車起重機(jī)的舉升機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)文獻(xiàn)綜述.doc

汽車起重機(jī)的舉升機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書(shū).doc

汽車起重機(jī)的舉升機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)

液壓系統(tǒng)圖.dwg

滑輪吊鉤組.dwg

目錄.doc

1 文 獻(xiàn) 綜 述 汽車起重機(jī)的液壓系統(tǒng) 摘要： 本 設(shè)計(jì) 介紹了 汽車 液壓起重機(jī)的工作原理，并詳細(xì)介紹了 起升機(jī)構(gòu) 設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算的全過(guò)程，其中包括 起升機(jī)構(gòu) 的工作原理，參數(shù)確定，結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)等。 該設(shè)計(jì)汽車起重機(jī)的起升機(jī)構(gòu)采用定量高速液壓馬達(dá)，減速器，制動(dòng)器，聯(lián)軸器及卷筒組成。 根據(jù)液壓系統(tǒng)的技術(shù)指標(biāo)對(duì)該系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行整體方案設(shè)計(jì)，對(duì)其功能和工作原理進(jìn)行分析，初步確定了系統(tǒng)各回路的基本結(jié)構(gòu)及主要元件，按照所給機(jī)構(gòu)性能參數(shù)和液壓性能參數(shù)進(jìn)行元件的選擇計(jì)算，以滿足該起重機(jī)所要達(dá)到的要求。 關(guān)鍵詞：汽車起重機(jī)；起升機(jī)構(gòu)；液壓系統(tǒng)； 設(shè)計(jì) 按起重質(zhì)量分類 分為輕型、中型、重型和超重型四類 按傳動(dòng)形式分類 分為機(jī)械傳動(dòng)、電力傳動(dòng)和液壓傳動(dòng)三種 按汽車起重裝置在水平面內(nèi)的轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)范圍分類 分為全回轉(zhuǎn)式和非全回轉(zhuǎn)式兩種 按吊臂結(jié)構(gòu)型式分類 分為折疊式、伸縮式和桁架式三種 車起重機(jī)的結(jié)構(gòu)及舉升裝置的特點(diǎn) 汽車起重機(jī)完成重工作時(shí)，其作業(yè)循環(huán)通常是起吊 —— 回轉(zhuǎn) —— 卸貨 —— 返回，有時(shí)還需要間歇短距離的行駛。起升機(jī)構(gòu)實(shí)現(xiàn)貨載升、降運(yùn)動(dòng)，是每臺(tái)起重機(jī)必備的機(jī)構(gòu)。它由驅(qū)動(dòng)裝置、傳動(dòng)裝置、制動(dòng)裝置和工作裝置四個(gè)部分組成。驅(qū)動(dòng)方式 采用液壓驅(qū)動(dòng)。 車起重機(jī)液壓系統(tǒng)的構(gòu)成形式 汽車 (輪胎 )一般分為底盤 (簡(jiǎn)稱下車 )和起升工作裝置 (簡(jiǎn)稱上車 )兩大部分，底盤的作用在于轉(zhuǎn)移起重工作裝置的作業(yè)場(chǎng)所，在起重機(jī)作業(yè)時(shí)用于支承上車保持整機(jī)的穩(wěn)定。起升工作裝置主要由起升、變幅、吊臀伸縮和回轉(zhuǎn)等機(jī)構(gòu)組成，這些機(jī)構(gòu)都靠液壓系統(tǒng)驅(qū)動(dòng)，實(shí)現(xiàn)作業(yè)要求。 輪式起重機(jī)的液壓系統(tǒng)一般由發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)經(jīng)取力裝置或直接驅(qū)動(dòng)液壓泵，液壓油從液壓油箱進(jìn)入液壓泵產(chǎn)生壓力，按作業(yè)需要由控制閥將壓力油分配給相應(yīng)的機(jī)構(gòu)，或在待命狀態(tài)時(shí)使壓力油直接流回液壓油箱，減少功率消耗。 車起重機(jī)的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r 自有人類文明以來(lái)，物料搬運(yùn)便成了要類活動(dòng)的重要組成部分，距今已有五千多年的發(fā)展歷史。隨著生產(chǎn)規(guī)模的擴(kuò)大，自動(dòng)化程度的提高，作為物料搬運(yùn)重要設(shè)備的起重機(jī)在現(xiàn)代化生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中應(yīng)用越來(lái)越廣，作用愈來(lái)愈大，對(duì)起重機(jī)的要求也越來(lái)越2 高，科學(xué)技術(shù)的飛速發(fā)展，推動(dòng)了現(xiàn)代設(shè)計(jì)和制造能力的提高，激烈的國(guó)際市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)也越來(lái)越依賴于技術(shù)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。這些都促使起重機(jī)的技術(shù)性能進(jìn)入嶄新的發(fā)展階段，起重機(jī)正經(jīng)歷著一場(chǎng)巨大的變革?，F(xiàn)根據(jù)起重機(jī)的新理論、新技術(shù)和新動(dòng)向，結(jié)合實(shí)例，簡(jiǎn)要論述國(guó)外先進(jìn)起重機(jī)的特點(diǎn)和發(fā)展趨勢(shì)。 定 舉 升機(jī)構(gòu)傳動(dòng)方案 選用傳動(dòng)方案為高速液壓馬達(dá)與普通圓柱齒輪減速器和卷筒等構(gòu)成的單聯(lián)滑輪組起升機(jī)構(gòu)，液壓馬達(dá)和卷筒并列布置。根據(jù)參考文獻(xiàn) [1]表 7m = 4。 升機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算 舉 升機(jī)構(gòu)是起重機(jī)最基本的工作機(jī)構(gòu)，大多由吊掛系統(tǒng)和絞車組成，也有通過(guò)液壓系統(tǒng)升降重物的。吊掛系統(tǒng)一般由鋼絲繩、滑輪組和吊具組成，吊鉤是最常見(jiàn)的吊具。絞車可安置在起重小車上，也可安置在起重機(jī)金 屬結(jié)構(gòu)上或附近的地基上，通過(guò)收放鋼絲繩而升降重物，有時(shí)可用電動(dòng)葫蘆或手動(dòng)葫蘆作為起升機(jī)構(gòu)。 壓系 統(tǒng)主要組成 按構(gòu)成起重機(jī)主要工作機(jī)構(gòu)的液壓回路可分為：起升卷?yè)P(yáng)機(jī)構(gòu)、變幅機(jī)構(gòu)、回轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)構(gòu)、吊臂伸縮機(jī)構(gòu)和支腿收放等五部分。此外，還有穩(wěn)定器、平穩(wěn)重、液壓助力器、轉(zhuǎn)向器、散熱器等液壓回路。 升機(jī)構(gòu)的液壓回路 采用定量系統(tǒng)開(kāi)式回路的定量泵與定量單馬達(dá)回路如圖 7 所示，換向閥 3 置于右位時(shí)，壓力油經(jīng)梭閥 4、單向節(jié)流閥 5進(jìn)入制動(dòng)器液壓缸 6，制動(dòng)器松開(kāi)。壓力油同時(shí)經(jīng)平衡閥 7中的單向閥進(jìn)入起升機(jī)構(gòu)液壓馬達(dá) 8，驅(qū)動(dòng)其旋轉(zhuǎn)，使吊重上升?？繂蜗蚬?jié)流聞 5 的節(jié)流作用．制動(dòng)器松開(kāi)，起升機(jī)構(gòu)液壓馬達(dá)旋轉(zhuǎn)滯后．避免吊重在起升驅(qū)動(dòng)時(shí) 溜鉤。 采用單液壓缸或雙液壓缸變幅。定長(zhǎng)臂式起里機(jī)采用鋼絲絹滑輪組變幅，變幅機(jī) 3 構(gòu)由液壓馬達(dá)驅(qū)動(dòng)．其液壓回路與起升機(jī)構(gòu)相同。 圖 8為雙作用液壓缸的雙缸變幅回路， 雙液壓缸共用同一平衡閥，平衡閥的滲漏相交幅缸的制造誤差不會(huì)影響液壓缸間的同步，但需用較大流量規(guī)格的平衡閥。 轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)構(gòu)液壓回路 全液壓汽車起重機(jī)的回轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)構(gòu)包括轉(zhuǎn)臺(tái)、回轉(zhuǎn)支承和驅(qū)動(dòng)裝置。 回轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)構(gòu)的液壓回路較簡(jiǎn)單，小型輪式起重機(jī)受到的負(fù)載慣性小，有時(shí)就用 M 型機(jī)能的換向閥并設(shè)制動(dòng)器。 臂伸縮機(jī)構(gòu)液壓回路 本設(shè)計(jì)采 用單級(jí)伸縮液壓缸回路吊臂伸縮液壓缸一般倒置供油．以縮短其受壓段長(zhǎng)度，提高承裁能力。平衡閥的作用與它在起升機(jī)構(gòu)中的相仿，它保證用吊臂液壓缸能在任一位置鎖定及干穩(wěn)回縮。 腿液壓回路 中小型輪式起重機(jī)多采用轉(zhuǎn)閥或手動(dòng)換向閥的支腿液壓回路，配以雙向液壓鎖 (一對(duì)液控單向閥）：構(gòu)成具有調(diào)平起重機(jī)底架和鎖住支腿功能的支腿油壓回路。 為了增加汽車起重機(jī)的穩(wěn)定性，減輕輪胎負(fù)擔(dān)，吊裝作業(yè)時(shí)，將液壓支腿伸出，把車輛支承于平整、堅(jiān)固的地面上，加大承載面跨距。作業(yè)完畢，將支腿收回，車輛便可行駛。 參考文獻(xiàn) [1] 顧迪民主編 . 工程起重機(jī) [M]. 北京：中國(guó)建筑工業(yè)出版社 . 2003 [2] 嚴(yán)大考，鄭蘭霞 M]州大學(xué)出版社 3] 胡宗武，顧迪民 M]京科學(xué)技術(shù)出版社 4] 賈文福 M]海交通大學(xué)出版社 5] 濮良貴，紀(jì)名剛 . 機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì) (第七版 )[M]. 北京：高等教育出版社 . 2001 [6] 黃大巍，李鳳，毛文杰 M]學(xué)工業(yè)出版社 7] 行走機(jī)械用液壓及電子控制 元件 [M] [8] 張質(zhì)文，虞和謙，王金諾，包起帆 . 起重機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè) [M]. 北京：中國(guó)鐵道出版社 . 2001 [9] 洪家娣 ,李明 ,黃興元 . 機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)指導(dǎo) [M]. 南昌：江西高等學(xué)校出版社， 2001 [10] 韓寧，徐波等 . 維圖形繪制技巧與范例 [M]. 北京：人民郵電出版社 . 2001 [11] 顧迪民主編 . 工程起重機(jī) [M]. 北京：中國(guó)建筑工業(yè)出版社 . 2005 [12] 單祖輝 . 材料力學(xué) [M]. 北京：高等教育出版社 . 2001 [13] 李萬(wàn)莉 ,盧和銘 M] 北京：人民交通出版社 2002 [14] a M]2003 4 畢 業(yè) 設(shè) 計(jì)（論 文）文 獻(xiàn) 綜 述 指導(dǎo)教師意見(jiàn) 指導(dǎo)教師： 年 月 日 專業(yè)教研室審查意見(jiàn) 負(fù)責(zé)人： 年 月 日