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類型三　任務(wù)型閱讀 ,青海五年中考命題規(guī)律及趨勢 編者按：任務(wù)型閱讀一直是青海中考的?？碱}型，其題型設(shè)置多樣化，加強(qiáng)了對(duì)學(xué)生語言綜合運(yùn)用能力的考查。文章詞數(shù)170～280個(gè)；生詞數(shù)不超過3個(gè)，所設(shè)題可包含：①給出四個(gè)詞選一個(gè)替換畫線單詞；②英譯漢；③漢譯英；④同義句(可整句，也可是填短語)；⑤回答問題；⑥用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空(文章中挖兩個(gè)空)等。所設(shè)題型圍繞讀文章的內(nèi)容所設(shè)，其關(guān)鍵考查學(xué)生閱讀理解及綜合語言運(yùn)用的能力。 ,解題方法與技巧 青海任務(wù)型閱讀題目設(shè)置多樣化，對(duì)于不同的題型有不同的解題方法，具體如下： 1．回答問題式在作答時(shí)，重在寫清楚要點(diǎn)，不要答非所問，遇到總結(jié)性語言要仔細(xì)推敲，寫完后要仔細(xì)檢查。 2．英漢互譯題要結(jié)合上下文翻譯，要注意句子中固定句型、詞語搭配、代詞的指代對(duì)象。 3．同義句在作答時(shí)需要首先分析原句的句式結(jié)構(gòu)，找出句中的關(guān)鍵句型或短語，然后進(jìn)行同義改寫。注意檢查改寫后句子的完整性和通順性。 (2016西寧中考78－82題) After months of study, you have some time to relax. So, why not read a book? Well, some people will say, “Why trouble with books? We have the Internet and other media(媒體)that offer a lot more colorful programs. Books are history！” But don’t be fooled. Theres still a lot to be said for reading. ①One clear reason is that a wellchosen ________ is a wonderful collection of ________ and expressions, as long as you have a good dictionary, of course. Believe me, its far easier to get standard English than from the TV or the Internet. ②But__an__even__more__important__point__is__that__books__give__you__something__that__modern__media__cannot.The webpage is always full of pictures and the text is often designed to make it as easy to read as possible. Though “easy” may be welcome, unluckily its of little use for any longtime development of reading skills and the general language level. For that, theres still no substitute(替代品)for a book. But perhaps the best reason is that simply choosing what you read and doing it by yourself means that its something you do by and for yourself. You can choose what you want to read. Its hard work, but while you are reading, youll find that what once seemed like a duty is now a pleasure. Reading can bring us pleasure. 1．請?jiān)冖倬淇瞻滋幐魈钊胍粋€(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)脑~。 ________________________________________________________________________ 2．請將②處畫線句子譯成漢語。 ________________________________________________________________________ 3. How many reasons for reading books does the text mention? ________________________________________________________________________ 4．請?jiān)谖闹姓页雠c所給句子意思相近的句子。 It’s nearly useless. ________________________________________________________________________ 5．請?jiān)谖闹姓页鲎钅鼙磉_(dá)文章主題的句子。 ________________________________________________________________________ 【主旨大意】本文主要介紹了學(xué)習(xí)之余放松方式之一——讀書。而很多人認(rèn)為讀書不如上網(wǎng)和其他的媒體方式來娛樂，進(jìn)而筆者提出為什么要讀書的三個(gè)原因，值得人們深思。 1．book；words　【解析】一本好書實(shí)際上是字詞和表達(dá)的很好收集(匯集)。,2.但是更重要的一點(diǎn)是書可以給你現(xiàn)代媒體不能給予的東西。 3．Three reasons.　【解析】第一、二個(gè)原因在上兩題中提到了，第三個(gè)最重要的原因是書能給我們帶來快樂。 4．Its of little use.其含義為“幾乎沒有，很少有用”。 5．Reading can bring us pleasure. ◆現(xiàn)學(xué)現(xiàn)用 話題一　觀點(diǎn)建議類 Passage 1如何打破僵局的小建議 When you start a new school，go to a party or try to know a person，you often need to break the ice in order to start a friendly conversation.Breaking the ice means saying or doing something to stop feeling shy or uncomfortable around someone you dont know well.Almost everyone feels uncomfortable or shy when people meet for the first time.If you feel like this，the following①tips can help you out. Smile?、赪hen__you__smile，people__think__youre__friendly__and__easy__to__talk__to.They are also very likely to smile back and help you feel more comfortable about starting a conversation. Be positive　Everybody likes being around happy people.Always look on the bright side of life and see everything positively(積極地)． Be a good listener　Dont control the conversation and dont just talk about yourself.③仔細(xì)聽別人講，并且問一些關(guān)于他們自己的問題。Theyll think youre worth talking to. Be easygoing?、躍ome__people__may__be__so__shy__that__cant__break__the__ice.Dont avoid being around new people just because you feel uncomfortable.If you face a situation again and again，youll get used to it. 1．請從下面四個(gè)詞中選出一個(gè)能替換①處畫線部分的單詞。 __suggestions__ questions　sentences　suggestions　conversations 2．請將②處畫線句子譯成漢語。 __當(dāng)你微笑時(shí)，人們認(rèn)為你友好且易于交流。__ 3．請將③處畫線句子譯成英語。 __Listen__to__others__carefully__and__ask__them__questions__about__themselves.__ 4．請寫出④處畫線句子的同義句。 __Some__people__may__be__too__shy__to__break__the__ice.__ 5．How many tips are mentioned in the passage? __Four__tips.__ Passage 2(2015德州中考改編)保護(hù)環(huán)境，節(jié)儉生活 We need to be responsible(有責(zé)任心的) for our environment.Being a frugal consumer(節(jié)儉的消費(fèi)者) is one way to help.But what exactly does that mean? Use it up You can use things up instead of wasting them.Press that last bit of toothpaste(牙膏) out.Use the last little piece of soap.Dont throw away any bits of the biscuit at the bottom of the box. Wear it out You do not always need to have new things.Suppose there are holes in your socks.Mend them and wear them longer.You dont have to have the latest telephone until the old one doesnt work anymore.Then you can get a new one.①Think__twice__before__replacing__something__that__still__works. Make it do When something you want is not on hand，look for something else that you already have to take its place.Suppose you are preparing your lunch for tomorrow and want a butter sandwich.However，there is not any butter in your home.Have a cheese sandwich instead so that you can use all of the cheese.With a little thought，you can make something do，instead of ②buying something new. Do without ③想想所有那些你想擁有的東西。Do you really need them？How long will you really play with that new toy？Make a list of things that you want.Delete the things that you dont really need，so you can save a lot of resources(資源)． 1．When can you get a new telephone according to the passage? __You__dont__have__to__have__the__latest__telephone__until__the__old__one__doesnt__work__anymore.__ 2．請將①處畫線句子譯為漢語。 __在替換仍然能用的東西之前，請三思/請好好考慮一下/請斟酌。__ 3．What should you do if you dont have butter for a sandwich at home? __You__can__use__something__else，such__as__cheese(instead__of__butter)．__ 4．請從下面四個(gè)單詞中選出一個(gè)替換②處畫線部分的單詞。__purchasing__ purchasing　preparing　changing　replacing 5．請將③處畫線句子譯為英語。 __Think__about__all__those__things__that__you__would__like__to__have.__ 話題二　介紹類 (2014西寧；2013西寧；2012西寧) Passage 1(2015菏澤中考改編) 美國游泳名將——杰夫蓋伊 Jeff Gaye，the young American swimmer，is becoming more and more ①famous．He has his own teacher，driver and even his own cook.Each time people hear him speak on television，they cant believe hes only 13.②Jeffs__father__is__an__engineer，but__he__is__also__his__sons__manager.He says，“I dont make Jeff do anything he doesnt want to do.He chooses which competition to swim in.But he works hard and wins nearly every race.I cut out all the newspaper articles about him and put them in a big box！” Jeff is very busy every day because people want to write about him or photogragh(給……拍照) him for magazines.“When Im at school，”Jeff says，“③I__just__want__to__be__like__my__classmates.Thats__really__important__to__me.”But Jeff doesnt have a normal schoolboys life.He often has to travel for international races and has little free time.“I go to the pool every day and swim there for at least six hours.When Im in the pool，I love every minute.” 1．請從下面四個(gè)單詞中選出一個(gè)能替換①處畫線部分的單詞。__wellknown__ unknown　wellknown　polite　normal 2．請寫出②處畫線句子的同義句。 __Jeffs__father__is__not__only__an__engineer__but__also__his__sons__manager.__ 3．What does Jeffs father do? __He__is__an__engineer__and__he__is__also__his__sons__manager.__ 4．How long does Jeff swim in the pool every day? __For__at__least__six__hours.__ 5．請將文章中③處畫線句子譯為漢語。 __我只想像我的同學(xué)們一樣，那對(duì)我來說真的很重要。__ Passage 2(2016原創(chuàng)) 蘋果的奧秘 You may know the saying：①每天一個(gè)蘋果，疾病不找我。A recent study by the Chinese University of Hong Kong has discovered another saying：An apple a day keeps old age away. The study ②involved fruit flies(果蠅)，as they share many genes(基因) with humans.Researchers gave one group of fruit flies normal food，and another group of fruit flies got the same food including apples. ③The__results__showed__that__flies__that__ate__apples__lived__an__average__of__55__days__longer__than__the__flies__that__didnt__eat__apples.The study also found that appleeating flies were more able to walk，climb and move about as they became old，the Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry reported. The researchers believed that the antioxidants(抗氧化劑) found in apples are good for health. In another experiment，researchers studied the diets of thousands of women.They found that those women who often ate apples were 20 percent less likely to have a heart attack. Scientists have recently discovered the apples genetic code.This allows scientists to make new kinds of fruit that are healthier.Researchers are already using this information to grow apples with added antioxidants.Antioxidants help to keep eyes and joints(關(guān)節(jié)) healthy and protect against heart attacks and cancer. Apples that help people lose weight may be in supermarkets in just four or five years.They are said to be“extra healthy” apples that can stop people from overeating. 1．請將①處畫線句子譯為英語。 __An__apple__a__day，keeps__the__doctor__away.__ 2．請從下面四個(gè)單詞中選出一個(gè)能替換②處畫線部分的單詞。__included__ concluded　included　decided　discovered 3．What did the researchers find from the study of the diets of many women? __They__found__that__those__women__who__often__ate__apples__were__20__percent__less__likely__to__have__a__heart__attack.__ 4．Can scientists make healthier fruits with the genetic code of apples? __Yes，they__can.__ 5．請將③處畫線句子譯為漢語。 __結(jié)果表明吃了蘋果的果蠅比沒有吃蘋果的果蠅平均壽命要長55天。__