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專題 51 提綱類書面表達（二） 關(guān)鍵詞：提綱類,漢語提示,書面表達 難度系數(shù)：???? 推薦指數(shù)：????? 【基礎(chǔ)回顧】 考點歸納： 提綱作文是高考英語書面表達的熱點題型。命題者通常把提綱作文與其他常用文體形式(如書信、報道、通知、日記等)有機結(jié)合在一起進行考查，使該類書面表達試題綜合性越來越強。 基礎(chǔ)必讀： 高分策略 1．使用三段式作文法。 所謂三段式作文法，就是將一篇書面表達按三段的寫作模式布局謀篇，即開頭、正文、結(jié)尾。三段式寫作模式思路清晰，結(jié)構(gòu)分明，是考生提高自己的作文檔次的最佳選擇。 1）第一段開門見山直奔主題，提出要解決的問題或觀點，或者交代清時間、地點、人物、干什么。 2）第二段擺出事實或提出論據(jù)，或者把事情發(fā)展的經(jīng)過詳細寫出來。該部分條理要清楚，過渡要自然，也就是評分細則要所要求的，“有效地使用了語句間的連接成份，使全文結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊完全達到預(yù)期的寫作目的”。 為了迅速把握句與句、段與段的連接方式，很有必要熟記表示以下各種邏輯意義的過渡詞語。 3）最后一段，得出結(jié)論?？梢杂腥N方式： ①重復(fù)中心思想，回到文章開頭提出的中心思想或主題上，達到再次肯定和強調(diào)的效 果。 ②引用。用格言或名人名言總結(jié)全文，既言簡意賅。又有較強的說服力。 ③得出結(jié)論。文章最后用幾句話概括全文內(nèi)容，并進一步肯定文章的中心思想或作者觀點。 2.觀點式議論文的寫作模板 第一段根據(jù)提示陳述一下所談?wù)摰脑掝}，第二段分別提出雙方的觀點，并進行論述（可以采用下列句型：觀點陳述1：Some people think that …The reason is that…….Besides, ……. (Some are against the view that….)觀點陳述2：(However/On the other hand) others have just the opposite opinion. They think that……What’s more,………(Some are in favor of the view that…..)）；第三段陳述個人的看法（可以采用下列句型：As far as I am concerned, ……(In my opinion, …….; It’s my opinion that……) For one reason,………. For another reason……… In a word,…….） 【技能方法】 基本解題步驟： ①審題：觀察判斷要寫文章的類型和特點； ②抓點：要點就是高考評分的給分點或者扣分點。要求能在提綱的提示下用簡單詞語寫出所表達的內(nèi)容。這樣做可以防止要點遺漏或者過分發(fā)揮； ③定調(diào)：即確定體裁與題材，確定格式、人稱、時態(tài)語態(tài)、人稱口吻、順序段落、開頭和結(jié)尾。然后將要點擴展成句； ④成文：連句成文。正確使用過渡詞，使行文流暢。并注意段與段的銜接； ⑤修改：看看是否有要點遺漏，字數(shù)是否符合要求，人稱、時態(tài)、主謂一致等方面的錯誤，以便及時修改； ⑥謄寫：修改無誤后，認真規(guī)范地謄寫在規(guī)定的地方。 【基礎(chǔ)達標(biāo)】 假定你是李華。你的好友李濤說高三學(xué)習(xí)壓力太大，他有點擔(dān)心自己堅持不住。請你用英語給他寫一篇短信，內(nèi)容包括： 1.堅持(perseverance)的重要性； 2.舉例說明； 3.你的想法。 注意： 1.詞數(shù)100左右； 2.可以適當(dāng)增加細節(jié).，以使行文連貫； 3.開頭和結(jié)尾已為你寫好。 Dear Li Tao, How are you? Its unnecessary for you to worry about anything. Your , Li Hua 【答案】 Dear Li Tao, How are you? Its unnecessary for you to worry about anything. The only thing we can do is to study hard. Perseverance is what it takes to achieve one’s success. Without perseverance, one can’t realize his dream. Only by sticking to what we’re seeking and again can we make it at last. There are lots of examples about a person’s perseverance bringing about changes in history or new discoveries in cures for some human diseases. Take Tu Youngyou for example . After many years perseverance ,she became the Chinese citizen to win a Nobel Prize in science at the age of 84，which made all Chinese proud. So，never give up easily. Hold on to our dream and we’ll succeed. 【亮點說明】本文是一篇英文書信，格式正確，要點齊全，句子銜接緊密，布局合理。Its unnecessary for you to worry about anything.動詞不定式做真正主語；The only thing we can do is to study hard.定語從句和動詞不定式作表語在句中完美結(jié)合；Only by sticking to what we’re seeking and again can we make it at last.部分倒裝的運用堪稱經(jīng)典；she became the Chinese citizen to win a Nobel Prize in science at the age of 84，which made all Chinese proud.非限制性定語從句用在句中；Hold on to our dream and we’ll succeed.“祈使句+and/or +表示將來的陳述句”的運用巧妙至極。 考點：考查書信式話題作文 【能力提升】 【遼寧省鐵嶺市協(xié)作體2017屆高三上學(xué)期第二次聯(lián)考】每年都有許多人外出旅游，一些人的不文明行為引起了社會的廣泛關(guān)注。某英文報社正在舉行以“文明旅游”為主題的討論。假定你是李華，請你給報社寫一封信，呼吁大家做文明游客。要點如下： 1.尊重習(xí)俗； 2. 不高聲喧嘩； 3. 其他 注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右； 2. 可以適當(dāng)增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫； 3. 開頭和結(jié)尾語已為你寫好，不計入詞總數(shù)。 Dear Editor, I’ve read your discussions on how to behave properly while traveling. ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ Yours truly Li Hua 【答案】 Dear Editor, I’ve read your discussion on how to behave properly while traveling. Every year, a great many holidaymakers go out for sightseeing and relaxation. While they are enjoying themselves, some of them behave rudely, which causes a big concern. How to be a civilized tourist has become a heated topic. In my opinion, it is necessary to watch our manners. First, we must respect and follow local customs. Besides, we’d better not talk loudly in public places to avoid disturbance to others. Also, be aware that queue jumping is unacceptable in many countries. More importantly, if we travel abroad, we should bear in mind that we are representing our country, so we need to be cautious about how we act. Only in this way can we enjoy our trips and have beautiful memories as well. Yours truly Li Hua 【亮點說明】本文內(nèi)容齊全，結(jié)構(gòu)嚴謹，層次分明，布局合理，語言精練，同時運用高級句子。狀語從句和非限制性定語從句的混合使用:While they are enjoying themselves, some of them behave rudely, which causes a big concern.形式主語it的使用：it is necessary to watch our manners。倒裝句的使用：Only in this way can we enjoy our trips and have beautiful memories as well.連接詞的使用也是一大亮點：In my opinion, First, Besides, Also, More importantly。 【終極闖關(guān)】 【湖北省荊門市2017屆高三元月調(diào)考】今年九月，北大考試研究院院長秦春華發(fā)文稱，四大名著不適合孩子閱讀?？赡懿簧偃瞬惶J同他的觀點，但只限于私下議論。鄭州外國語學(xué)校高三學(xué)生高澤林卻站出來公開叫板秦春華，他認為四大名著孩子可以讀，相較于四大名著中的負面內(nèi)容，現(xiàn)實中的低俗更甚。他的文章條理清晰，有理有據(jù)，引來不少網(wǎng)友點贊。 高中生挑戰(zhàn)北大教授，你真覺得好嗎？請以李華的名義給高澤林同學(xué)寫一封信表達自己的看法。（提示詞：四大名著：four great classical novels） 要點：1．寫信目的； 2．與他交流你對四大名著的看法； 3．希望收到回信。 注意：1．詞數(shù)100左右； 2．可以適當(dāng)增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫； 3．開頭和結(jié)尾已給出,不計入總詞數(shù)。 Dear Zelin Gao, I am a high school student of the same age with you. Yours truly, Li Hua 【答案】 Dear Zelin Gao, I am a high school student of the same age with you. Recently, your debate about four great classical novels with the professor of Peking University has become a hot topic on the Internet. I am writing to share some ideas with you. In my opinion, four great classical novels are the precious culture treasure of our nation as well as the greatest and most influential works among the literary circle of China. As a result, we can learn the meaning of love, loyalty and wisdom. However, only when we establish the correct sense in these aspects can we resist the wrong social trend in the future. I have learnt a lot from your article and hope to have a further discussion with you about reading and other aspects. looking forward to hearing from you soon. Yours truly, Li Hua 【亮點說明】本文內(nèi)容齊全，結(jié)構(gòu)嚴謹，層次分明，布局合理，語言精練，同時運用高級句子。倒裝句的使用非常漂亮：only when we establish the correct sense in these aspects can we resist the wrong social trend in the future.連接詞的使用也是一大亮點：In my opinion，As a result, However。