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話題十三　衛(wèi)生與健康(Hygiene and health) Ⅰ.完形填空 A Daniel Green, 81, could not believe it when doctors said his heart rate had dropped to just 26 beats per minute, __1__ than the worlds top players at rest, 35 bpm and 33 bpm.The Guinness World Record __2__ is Martin Brady, 45, of Guernsey, who recorded a __3__ of 27 bpm. Mr. Green was having a check－up when __4__ said his resting rate was 36 bpm but dropped to 26.Doctors only realized Mr. Greens heart rate after they __5__ him up with a machine. The adult mans heart beats at 72 bpm—its right from around 60 bpm to 100 bpm __6__ on different activities. Mr Greens perfect health comes from daily __7__.He has not been to __8__ since 1976, when he had a bad cold.He said, “I couldnt __9__ it when the doctors __10__ me. I didnt think anybody ever really notice my heart rate.” “The doctor examined me __11__ and said my heart rate was __12__ 26 beats per minute.But theres __13__ to worry about—Im still in good health，” he said. “I go for hour－long walks every morning and do some light exercise with weights at least three times a week.They told me a(an) __14__ has a heart rate of just 28 beats per minute, so I think Im as __15__ as an elephant，” he added. (B)1.A.higher　 B．lower　 C．faster　 D．smaller (C)2.A.player B．student C．holder D．lawyer (C)3.A.pressure B．brain C．heartbeat D．breath (D)4.A.people B．a(chǎn)ctors C．teachers D．doctors (D)5.A.cleaned B．cleared C．cheered D．checked (A)6.A.depending B．living C．working D．looking (A)7.A.exercise B．rest C．sleep D．news (B)8.A.school B．hospital C．store D．house (C)9.A.think B．mind C．believe D．a(chǎn)gree (C)10.A.said B．talked C．told D．spoke (A)11.A.carefully B．differently C.luckily D．happily (B)12.A.so B．just C．soon D．more (C)13.A.something B．a(chǎn)nything C．nothing D．everything (A)14.A.elephant B．tiger C．lion D．monkey (D)15.A.easy B．lonely C．busy D．healthy 【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文。介紹了一位英國老人丹尼爾格林的心跳速率為每分鐘26次，打破了世界最慢心跳的紀錄，讓醫(yī)生們?yōu)橹痼@。格林先生把自己擁有如此低的心跳速率歸功于每天的鍛煉。 【答案精析】 1．B　考查形容詞的比較級辨析。higher“更高的”；lower“更低的”；faster“更快的”；smaller“更小的”。前文提到他的心跳是“26 beats per minute”，通過與后文的對比“the worlds top players at rest, 35 bpm and 33 bpm”，可知，他的心跳速率更低，故選B。 2．C　考查名詞辨析。 player“運動員”；student“學生”； holder “保持者”； lawyer“律師”。此處是指Martin Brady是吉尼斯紀錄的保持者， 故選C。 3．C　考查名詞辨析。pressure“壓力”； brain“大腦”；heartbeat“心跳”； breath“呼吸”。文章介紹心跳速率的對比，故此處表示Martin Brady保持了吉尼斯紀錄每分鐘27 次的心跳，故選C。 4．D　考查名詞辨析。people“人們”；actors“演員”；teachers“教師”；doctors“醫(yī)生”。結合上下文語境可知，格林先生做檢查的結果是醫(yī)生告訴他的，故選D。 5．D　考查動詞辨析。 cleaned“打掃”； cleared “清理，清除”；cheered“歡呼，振奮”； checked“檢查”。結合上下文語境可知醫(yī)生們在用儀器對他檢查之后才意識到他的心率，故選D。 6．A　考查動名詞辨析。 depend“依靠，取決于”； live“居住，生活”；work“工作，從事”；look“看”。depend可與后文on搭配，表示取決于，結合語境可知此處表示正常的心率范圍每分鐘是60到100次，取決于從事的不同活動。故選A。 7．A　考查名詞辨析。 exercise“鍛煉”； rest“休息”； sleep“睡眠”； news“新聞”。由后文說他每天從事各種運動可知此處表示，格林先生完美的健康狀況來源于日常鍛煉，故選A。 8．B　考查名詞辨析。 school“學?！?； hospital“醫(yī)院”； store “商店”； house“房子”。由上文他經(jīng)常鍛煉身體，可知自從1976年以來當他感冒時，他從未去過醫(yī)院，故選B。 9．C　考查動詞辨析。think“想，認為”； mind “介意”；believe “相信”；agree“同意”。結合上下文語境可知當醫(yī)生告訴他時，他不敢相信這件事。故選C。 10．C　考查動詞辨析。 said“說”，后接說話的內(nèi)容；talked “交談”； told “告訴” ；spoke“說話”，后接說的某種語言。此處是指醫(yī)生告訴“我”心率的這件事，故tell符合語境，故選C。 11．A　考查副詞辨析。 carefully“小心地，仔細地”；differently“不同地”； luckily “幸運地”； happily“開心地”。由上下文醫(yī)生告訴他心率可知這是仔細檢查的結果，故選A。 12．B　考查副詞辨析。 so “如此”； just “僅僅，只”；soon “不久”； more “更多”。醫(yī)生告訴他，他的心跳只有每分鐘26次，這是一個很低的數(shù)字，故選B。 13．C　考查不定代詞辨析。something“一些事情”；anything“任何事情”；nothing“沒有什么事情”； everything“一切事情”。由后文他說自己仍然很健康，可知他認為這沒有什么好擔心的，故選C。 14．A　考查名詞辨析。elephant“大象”；tiger “老虎”；lion “獅子”；monkey“猴子”。由后文“as an elephant”可知此處應選A。 15．D　考查形容詞辨析。 easy“容易的”； lonely“孤獨的”； busy“忙碌的”； healthy“健康的”。由前文說他經(jīng)常鍛煉保持健康，且大象的心率跟他的心率接近可知，他說自己跟一頭大象一樣健康，故選D。 B 請先閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后用方框中所給的詞的適當形式填空。每個詞限用一次。 active　another　laugh　fat　worry because　as　increase　choose　harder These days, adults are worried about the growing number of kids who are overweight.Most people who are overweight have too much 1__fat__.The number of overweight kids has 2__increased__ a lot over the last 30 years.Thats bad news 3__because__ being overweight can lead to health problems. Overweight kids also may be 4__laughed__ at by other kids or feel sad about the way they look.Most kids said it was 5__harder__ for overweight kids to make friends.So lots of kids said they had tried to lose weight.Eating healthy is usually the best way.If kids are 6__worried__ about weight, experts suggest they think about where they should go for answers.They can talk to a nurse or a doctor 7__as__ the best help.Doing sports is 8__another__ right way to lose weight.There are many ways to stay 9__active__：dancing, running，or even walking around the mall.Make exercise fun by 10__choosing__ activities you like.Walk your dog in the morning or help your mom do housework in the evening. 【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文。越來越多的孩子體重超標，肥胖會影響孩子的健康，可能被其他孩子取笑，還影響他們結交朋友，很多孩子說他們設法減肥，而健康飲食和鍛煉通常是最好的減肥方法。 【答案精析】 1．fat　由have too much可知此處應填不可數(shù)名詞，fat有“脂肪”的意思。由句意“大多數(shù)肥胖的人有太多脂肪?！笨芍頵at。 2．increased　句意為“肥胖兒童的數(shù)量在過去的30年里已經(jīng)增加了很多?！県as后接動詞的過去分詞構成現(xiàn)在完成時，所以應填increased。 3．because　空格處前后兩句話為完整的句子，再由句意可判斷前后兩句是因果關系，所以填連詞because。句意為“那是糟糕的消息，因為肥胖會導致健康問題?！? 4．laughed　由后文，肥胖的孩子會因其他孩子對他們的看法感到悲哀可知，肥胖的孩子可能會被其他孩子嘲笑。laugh at“嘲笑”，為固定短語，be動詞后接動詞的過去分詞表示被動語態(tài)，故填laughed。 5．harder　由此句的結構：Its ＋ 形容詞＋ for sb. ＋ to do sth. 可知此處表示“大多數(shù)孩子說，交朋友對肥胖孩子來說更加困難”。故填harder。 6．worried　be worried about“對……擔心”，為固定短語。句意為“如果孩子對他們的體重感到擔心，專家建議他們考慮應該去哪里尋求辦法?！惫侍顆orried。 7．a(chǎn)s　結合上下文語境可知他們可以跟醫(yī)生或護士交談作為最好的幫助。as表示“作為，當作”符合語境。 8．a(chǎn)nother　前面提到“Eating healthy is usually the best way.” 因此做運動是另一個減肥的好辦法。故填another。 9．a(chǎn)ctive　后文“dancing, running，or even walking around the mall” 都是一些積極的活動，stay “保持”，是系動詞，后接形容詞，此處表示有許多保持積極的方法。故填active。 10．choosing　by是介詞，后接動詞－ing形式，結合上下文語境可知此處表示，你可以通過選擇你喜歡的活動使運動變得有趣。故填choosing。 Ⅱ.閱讀理解 A A new school term begins.Is anything new at your school? Sichuan students are getting an extra hour to sleep in the morning. This year, Sichuan schools decided that students should start classes later.This should help them feel less tired.For junior high schools, the first class will begin no earlier than 8：30 am. The changes have made students happy. Liu Xian, 15, said his class was excited about the news on the first day of school.“Its so good we can get up later! ”said Liu. Liu studies in Chengdu No.4 Middle School.He used to get up at 6：40 am.Now he can get up at 7：40 am because the first class doesnt start until 8：40 am. Wu Hongli, 15, said the new timetable is good for her health. “I used to drink coffee every night or I would feel too sleepy to do my homework，” said Wu，“ Now I can finish it without coffee.” She used to get up at 6：30 am.Now she can get up at 7：30 am. Wu Honglis mother was happy, too.She thought more sleep would help her daughter grow taller. But some parents worried that more sleep would mean less learning.There used to be five classes in the morning.Now there are only four. Many teachers, though, say the changes will help students learn better. “Students used to doze(打盹兒) for the first two classes in the morning, ”said Wu Zongping, an English teacher at Chengdu No.12 Middle School.“But now they look fine and they learn much better than before.” (D)1.What made the Sichuan middle school students happy? A．The new school term began. B．Their schools took on a new look. C．They felt a little bit tired. D．They could get up later. (B)2.What does the underlined word “extra” mean according to the passage? A．Less　 B．More　 C．New　 D．Old (D)3.What does the underlined word “it” refer to according to the passage? A．Coffee. B．Housework. C．Timetable. D．Homework. (C)4.What can we learn from the teachers words? A．She didnt like the changes. B．She could use the timetable easily. C．She spoke highly of the changes. D．She looked fine when she taught. 【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了四川一些學校的新規(guī)定：早晨上課時間推遲一個小時。同時介紹了學生、家長和老師對此新舉措的看法。 【答案精析】 1．D　推理判斷題。由第三段“The changes have made students happy.”可知是這些改變使學生開心。再由第一段第二句“Sichuan students are getting an extra hour to sleep in the morning.”和第二段第三句“For junior high schools, the first class will begin no earlier than 8：30 am.”可知，這一新規(guī)定帶來的好處就是他們能更晚起床。 2．B　詞義猜測題。less“更少的”； more “更多的”；new“新的”；old“舊的”。由第五段第二、三句“He used to get up at 6：40 am.Now he can get up at 7：40 am because the first class doesnt start until 8：40 am.”可推知在學校新規(guī)實施之后，學生早上可以多睡一個小時，故選B。 3．D　單詞指代題。由前一句話“I used to drink coffee every night or I would feel too sleepy to do my homework.”可知，以前要靠喝咖啡來提神完成作業(yè)，現(xiàn)在可以不用喝咖啡完成作業(yè)了。故it指代“家庭作業(yè)”。 4．C　推理判斷題。由老師的話中“now they look fine and they learn much better than before”可推知老師持贊揚態(tài)度。 B 請先閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容從下面方框內(nèi)的七個選項中，選擇五個還原到文中，使短文意思通順、結構完整。 There are a lot of discussions these days about healthy kids.Here are some rules to live by, if youre a kid who wants to be fit. 1__E__ If you eat different foods, youre more likely to get different nutrients your body need.Eat at least five servings of fruits and vegetables a day—two fruits and three vegetables. Drink enough milk.2__G__ And milk is a great drink to have calcium.How much do kids need? If you are younger than 9 years old, drink 3 cups of milk per day.3__A__ 4__D__ The more time you spend on TV, DVDs or playing video games, the less time you spend on outdoor games, such as basketball, bike riding, and swimming. Be active.Ask your parents to help you do your favorite activities.Find ways to be active every day.5__B__ So you can choose one of them and follow your parents when they say its time to stop watching TV or playing computer games! A．You can mix it up with some other calcium－rich foods. B．You might even write down a list of fun things to do. C．You shouldnt spend too much time on outdoor activities. D．Control screen time. E．Eat different foods. F．Kids like to eat new food. G．Kids need calcium to build strong bones. 【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文。本文主要介紹了如果想做健康的孩子，請遵循以下建議：吃不同食物攝取人體所需營養(yǎng)；喝足夠的牛奶，促進骨骼生長；控制屏幕時間；積極參加戶外活動。 【答案精析】 1．E　由后文內(nèi)容“如果吃不同種類的食物，就更有可能獲得身體所需要的不同的營養(yǎng)成分。”可以概括此段說的是要吃不同的食物。故選E。 2．G　由后文所說“牛奶是含鈣量豐富的飲品”可知G選項“鈣可以幫助骨骼發(fā)育”符合語境。 3．A　段末的空白處應圍繞前文所述，前文是說喝牛奶補鈣促進骨骼發(fā)展，A選項中說可以跟其他含鈣豐富的食物混合在一起 , it 指代的是milk, 邏輯關系和句意皆符合上下文語境。 4．D　段首設空應看本段的后文，后文是說看電視玩電腦游戲的時間應該控制好，因此，本段的主題句應該是D選項。 5．B　由后文“So you can choose one of them”可以得出前文說了一些可以選擇的活動，而B 選項中有“a list of fun things to do”與后文內(nèi)容呼應。 Ⅲ.補全對話 請閱讀下面對話，根據(jù)對話內(nèi)容補上所缺的句子，使對話通順、合理，意思完整。(每空一句) W：Good morning, doctor. M：Good morning.Sit down, please.You dont look well. Whats the matter? W：I have a sore throat. M：Have you got a fever? W：1__Yes,__I__have. My temperature is a little high. M：How long has it lasted? W：2__Since__yesterday. I was caught in the rain yesterday afternoon.When I got home I was all wet. M：Did you have any medicine? W：No, I didnt.3__What__should__I__do__now? M：You should drink some hot tea with honey, and take the medicine.Its good for your throat. W：4__Can__I__go__to__school__as__usual? M：Of course, you can, if you dont want to be absent from school.Its not that serious. W：5__Thank__you,__doctor./Thanks__a__lot,__doctor. M：Youre welcome. Ⅳ.書面表達 同學們馬上就要進入高中了，你們將迎來更多的機遇和挑戰(zhàn)。你準備好了嗎？你認為哪些良好的習慣可以幫助你在高中階段更上一層樓？請結合下面圖表寫一篇發(fā)言稿。 提示：1.短文應包括圖表中的全部信息，條理清楚， 行文連貫，可適當發(fā)揮想象； 2.短文中不能出現(xiàn)真實的人名和地名； 3.詞數(shù)不少于80，開頭、結尾已給出，不計入總詞數(shù)。 Dear students， Have you got ready for the senior high school life? Now let me tell you something about how to get good habits in your new study life.________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ I hope you will form a good habit and enjoy your new school life. Yours， Li Hua 【審題指導】細讀所給的文字提示，可以提取以下信息： 1．這是一篇發(fā)言稿，應使用第一人稱闡述我們應該具體怎么做來養(yǎng)成健康的習慣； 2．根據(jù)圖表提示，可以從學習習慣和生活習慣兩大方面來寫：學習習慣可分為課堂習慣和課外習慣，如上課集中注意力聽講，課后要對功課制定計劃等方面來展開說明；生活習慣則從飲食習慣、睡眠習慣等方面來展開說明； 3．可以適當發(fā)揮想象再補充一兩點。 【寫作模板】 【高分范文】 Dear students， Have you got ready for the senior high school life? Now let me tell you something about how to get good habits in your new study life.__A__healthy__and__happy__life__starts_ _with__good__living__habits.Firstly,__we__should__have__good__eating__habits.We__should__have__three__meals__on__time.Try__to__eat__different__kinds__of__vegetables__and__fruit.Secondly,__we__should__have__a__good__sleeping__habit—get__up__early__and__go__to_ _bed__early. We__should__also__form__good__learning__habits.Its__important__for__us__senior__high__school__students__to__make__full__use__of__time.In__class__we__should__listen__to__teachers__carefully.After__class,__wed__better__make__a__plan__for__our__study,__then__follow__it__strictly. I hope you will form a good habit and enjoy your new school life. Yours， Li Hua