口杯一次正反拉深模具設(shè)計【杯形件】【筒形件】【落料正反一次拉深復(fù)合?!俊菊f明書+CAD】
購買設(shè)計請充值后下載,資源目錄下的文件所見即所得,都可以點開預(yù)覽,資料完整,充值下載可得到資源目錄里的所有文件?!咀ⅰ浚篸wg后綴為CAD圖紙,doc,docx為WORD文檔,原稿無水印,可編輯。具體請見文件預(yù)覽,有不明白之處,可咨詢QQ:12401814
河南機電高等專科學(xué)校畢業(yè)設(shè)計(論文)開題報告學(xué)生姓名: 學(xué) 號: 專 業(yè): 模具設(shè)計與制造 設(shè)計(論文)題目: 口杯一次正反拉深模具設(shè)計 指導(dǎo)教師: 2006年4月9日開題報告填寫要求1開題報告(含“文獻綜述”)作為畢業(yè)設(shè)計(論文)答辯委員會對學(xué)生答辯資格審查的依據(jù)材料之一。此報告應(yīng)在指導(dǎo)教師指導(dǎo)下,由學(xué)生在畢業(yè)設(shè)計(論文)工作前期內(nèi)完成,經(jīng)指導(dǎo)教師簽署意見及所在專業(yè)審查后生效;2開題報告內(nèi)容必須用黑墨水筆工整書寫或按教務(wù)處統(tǒng)一設(shè)計的電子文檔標準格式(可從教務(wù)處網(wǎng)頁上下載)打印,禁止打印在其它紙上后剪貼,完成后應(yīng)及時交給指導(dǎo)教師簽署意見;3 “文獻綜述”應(yīng)按論文的格式成文,并直接書寫(或打印)在本開題報告第一欄目內(nèi),本科學(xué)生寫文獻綜述的參考文獻應(yīng)不少于15篇(??粕簧儆?0篇,不包括辭典、手冊);4有關(guān)年月日等日期的填寫,應(yīng)當按照國標GB/T 740894數(shù)據(jù)元和交換格式、信息交換、日期和時間表示法規(guī)定的要求,一律用阿拉伯數(shù)字書寫。如“2002年4月26日”或“2002-04-26”。 畢 業(yè) 設(shè) 計(論 文)開 題 報 告1結(jié)合畢業(yè)設(shè)計(論文)課題情況,根據(jù)所查閱的文獻資料,撰寫1500字左右(本科生2000字左右)的文獻綜述(包括目前該課題在國內(nèi)外的研究狀況、發(fā)展趨勢以及對本人研究課題的啟發(fā)):文 獻 綜 述 畢業(yè)設(shè)計是對所學(xué)知識的一次大總結(jié),在設(shè)計之前,收集有關(guān)設(shè)計課題研究方面的資料、文獻是最為重要的。在設(shè)計工作開始時,只有對課題研究的內(nèi)容充分地了解,才會有設(shè)計目的和方向;所以收集、查閱有關(guān)文獻資料是必要的。在設(shè)計之前首先應(yīng)該對國內(nèi)外的模具發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀和發(fā)展趨勢有所了解,以便在設(shè)計過程中能夠正確、合理地設(shè)計出一套模具。下面就先分析一下國內(nèi)外的模具發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀與發(fā)展趨勢以及我國的模具發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀。1.隨著工業(yè)產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量的不斷提高,塑料產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)正呈現(xiàn)出多品種、少批量,復(fù)雜、大型、精密,更新?lián)Q代速度快等變化特點,塑料模具也正向高效、精密、長壽命、大型化方向發(fā)展。模具的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀及發(fā)展趨勢如下所述:1).CAD/CAM技術(shù)的應(yīng)用:CAD/CAM是一項高科技、高效益的系統(tǒng)工種,是模具設(shè)計與制造行業(yè)的有效輔助工具;通過它能夠?qū)Ξa(chǎn)品、模具結(jié)構(gòu)、成型工藝、數(shù)控加工及成本等進行設(shè)計和優(yōu)化。現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)廣泛地應(yīng)用與模具的設(shè)計與制造加工的過程中,并還在不斷地發(fā)展和創(chuàng)新。2).模具標準件:模具的標準化對縮短模具制造周期、提高質(zhì)量、降低成本起到很大的作用。我國的模具標準化程度達到30%以上,而國外先進國家達到70%80%左右。這樣,不僅有利于國內(nèi)的模具制造的發(fā)展,也有利于模具的國際化發(fā)展。3).模具的制造精度:國外的制造水平能夠是制造公差達到0.0030.005 mm,表面的粗糙度達到Ra 0.0002 mm以下(花10以上);我國的制造水平可以是制造公差達到0.010.02 mm,模具表面的粗糙度達到Ra0.00160.0008 mm(花78)。由此可見,如今模具技術(shù)的發(fā)展水平還是很高的,但也可以看出我國在這方面的技術(shù)與國外先進國家還有很大的差距。4).模具的使用壽命:模具的使用壽命的加長就意味著模具的制造成本降低,從而提高了生產(chǎn)效益。5).模具的加工制造設(shè)備:國外已經(jīng)廣泛地使用了數(shù)控加工中心,線切割,電火花,化學(xué)腐蝕等先進的設(shè)備,大大地提高了模具的制造周期。2.我國的模具業(yè)的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀:進入21世紀,隨著科學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展,我國的工業(yè)化程度也有了很大地提高,特別是在模具行業(yè)有了很大地發(fā)展。如:在模具設(shè)計與制造上,不但自己可以制造一些大型,精密,復(fù)雜,高效,長壽命的模具,并且能夠出口到國外,打開國外的市場。但是,目前我國的注塑技術(shù)與工業(yè)發(fā)達國家相比還相當落后,主要原因是我國在注塑基礎(chǔ)理論及成型工藝,模具標準化,模具設(shè)計,模具制造工藝及設(shè)備等方面與工業(yè)發(fā)達國家尚有相當大的差距,導(dǎo)致我國的模具在壽命,效率,加工精度,生產(chǎn)周期等方面與工業(yè)發(fā)達國家的模具相比差距相當大。因此這就需要我們努力去研究,推動我國模具業(yè)的發(fā)展。3.在查閱、收集有關(guān)資料的時候,不僅使我對模具業(yè)的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀及發(fā)展趨勢、模具的設(shè)計與制造技術(shù)等有了更多,更全面地了解;而且收集到了許多有關(guān)本課題的研究,與本課題相關(guān)、相似的東西,查找各種有關(guān)模具設(shè)計與制造方面的經(jīng)驗公式,和經(jīng)驗數(shù)據(jù);通過查閱資料和文獻能夠?qū)⒄n堂上所學(xué)習(xí)到的理論知識,與實際生產(chǎn)當中的實例相結(jié)合去更好地成設(shè)計任務(wù);并且使我在課程設(shè)計上有了更多的設(shè)計思路,也有了更多的考慮空間,同時也使我在設(shè)計的過程中能夠從多方面地去考慮問題模具設(shè)計的合理性及對設(shè)計好的模具在工作過程中可能會出現(xiàn)的問題及解決辦法。 畢 業(yè) 設(shè) 計(論 文)開 題 報 告本課題的研究思路(包括要研究或解決的問題和擬采用的研究方法、手段(途徑)及進度安排等):1. 先通過收集和查閱各種文獻資料和與同學(xué)老師的交流、指導(dǎo),對目前國內(nèi)外的模具(沖壓模具)的發(fā)展狀況和發(fā)展趨勢進行深入的了解,預(yù)計用時間兩天;2. 拿到拉深件的結(jié)構(gòu)簡圖,對工件進行結(jié)構(gòu)形狀、尺寸精度、加工工藝性等方面作出詳細地分析,并查閱相關(guān)資料看是否符合常規(guī)零件結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計,預(yù)計用時三天;3. 對拉深件的結(jié)構(gòu)工藝性分析及模具結(jié)構(gòu)的確定,用時間兩天;4. 進行成型零件的設(shè)計計算,預(yù)計需用時間三天;5. 根據(jù)工件的結(jié)構(gòu),材料,生產(chǎn)批量來進行模具的總體設(shè)計,包括模具的工藝分析,反拉深的特點,模具結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計;在設(shè)計中,應(yīng)該綜合考慮模具的安裝,維修,生產(chǎn)效率等,預(yù)計用時間兩天;6. 對模具的主要零部件進行設(shè)計,主要有凸模、凹模、凸凹模等零件,根據(jù)工作需要的強度來設(shè)計尺寸,包括各零件的圖紙,預(yù)計需用時間五天;7. 模具的總裝圖和工作原理,需要用時間兩天;8. 模具主要零部件的加工工藝過程,分析與設(shè)計,預(yù)計用時間兩天; 畢 業(yè) 設(shè) 計(論 文)開 題 報 告指導(dǎo)教師意見:1對“文獻綜述”的評語:2對本課題的研究思路、深度、廣度及工作量的意見和對設(shè)計(論文)結(jié)果的預(yù)測: 指導(dǎo)教師: 年 月 日所在專業(yè)審查意見: 負責人: 年 月 日機械加工工藝過程卡(模具專業(yè)沖壓模具課題適用)模具設(shè)計與制造機械加工工藝過程卡片產(chǎn)品型號零(部)件圖號02河南機電高等專科學(xué)校產(chǎn)品名稱口杯一次正反拉深模具零(部)件名稱凹模共(1)頁第(1)頁材料牌號CrWM2毛坯種類材料毛坯外型尺寸210121每個毛坯可制 件數(shù)1每臺件數(shù)1備注工序號工序名稱工 序 內(nèi) 容車間工段設(shè)備工 藝 裝 備工時準終單件1備料將毛坯鍛成圓棒210121鍛造空氣錘夾具2熱處理退火消除鍛件內(nèi)應(yīng)力,改善切削加工熱處理電爐3車削車削外形尺寸至大致輪廓機加車床夾具4熱處理調(diào)質(zhì)熱處理電爐5磨端面工作端留單邊余量0.3機加磨床夾具6鉗工劃線劃出各孔位置線鉗工劃針7加工螺釘、銷釘孔按位置加工螺釘孔、銷釘孔機加鉆床8車削按零件圖車削內(nèi)、外形,111.35、96.71留單邊余量0.3,其余車至尺寸機加車床夾具9熱處理按熱處理工藝,淬火回火達到5862HRC熱處理電爐10磨削精磨內(nèi)、外圓、端面至尺寸,保證端面與軸線垂直機加磨床夾具11鉗工精修全面達到設(shè)計要求鉗工12檢驗設(shè)計日期審核日期標準化日期會簽日期標記記數(shù)更改文件號簽字日期標記處數(shù)更該文件號河南機電高等專科學(xué)校學(xué)生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(論文)中期檢查表學(xué)生姓名學(xué) 號指導(dǎo)教師選題情況課題名稱難易程度偏難適中偏易工作量較大合理較小符合規(guī)范化的要求任務(wù)書有無開題報告有無外文翻譯質(zhì)量優(yōu)良中差學(xué)習(xí)態(tài)度、出勤情況好一般差工作進度快按計劃進行慢中期工作匯報及解答問題情況優(yōu)良中差中期成績評定:所在專業(yè)意見: 負責人: 年 月 日i外文資料與中文翻譯外文資料:Analysis on The Factors of Impacting on The Life of Stamping DieREN Hai-dongYU LingAbstract:Stamping is a wide range of material processing methods,stamping die is equipment to achieve the important parts of theprocessing,whose life directly afects quality an d cost ofthe productThis article analyzes to its influencing factors,finding a method tosolveproblems,andimprovethelifeof stamping dieKeywords:Samping die;life;Infl uencing factoIs the use of stamping presses installed in the die pressure on the material to produce plastic deformation or separation in order to obtain the parts needed for a pressure processing method. In industrial production, especially in household appliances, automotive, aerospace and engineering fields such as instrumentation is widely available. The die is the realization of this important technology components and equipment for processing. Die as a result of a long cycle of production and processing, the use of the high cost of materials, manufacturing costs in product cost of production occupies a significant proportion, therefore, to improve the life of stamping dies is very important. Through the use of molds, for various reasons can not be a reproduction of the red pieces of qualified, could no longer be repaired, which is commonly referred to as die failure. Die life by various forms of limitations expired, common are: wear failure, failure deformation, fracture failure and failure, such as bite wounds. Stamping processes, as well as due to different working conditions of the different effects of stamping die failure are many factors, but the same factors may also bring some form of failure. In this paper, an analysis of its influencing factors, possible solutions to the problem in order to achieve the purpose of die life.1 Mold DesignMold design, including structural design and parts design. The structure of mold not only affects the quality of parts produced to determine the productivity of enterprises and processing methods, but also to improve the life of mold also has a key role. Therefore, before designers to make full preparations to meet the production tooling to optimize the structure at the same time.1.1 Parts of Product DesignReasonable product design will help improve the life of mold. If the product has a cusp, or fillet radius is too small, the design of the edge will die due to stress concentration and cracking. Without prejudice to the structure and function of products, we can change the design of some of its unreasonable.1.2 Die Structure DesignReasonable structure can improve the die life. For example, in Die, the direction to improve the convex and concave stamping die in the course of the relative stability, thus ensuring the mold space at a reasonable framework of blanking blanking. And the reasonableness of blanking clearance and stability to improve die life is an important measure. Accurate reduced-oriented relationship between the relative movement of the wear and tear of parts and components to avoid the convex, concave die as a result of unreasonable gap a bite injuries and other forms of failure. Particularly in the Fine Blanking Die, the high-precision mold-oriented institutions is to ensure that the structural design of an important guarantee for success. Therefore in order to improve the life of mold, the form must be the right choice and guide precision-oriented. The choice of orientation should be higher than the accuracy of convex and concave mold with precision. For more blanking punch, punch in a number of large difference in diameter, there is a difference and close the case that if a small and a long punch, then easily lead to instability or break. We can punch arranged in Figure 1 (a) ladder-style in order to increase its stiffness. Punching holes for the need to increase the punch guide in order to enhance the strength of punch, which is to ensure the normal work of stamping dies to the premise. Which can increase many-oriented approach, to be used in Figure 1 (b) shown in the front and the entire process-oriented and other-oriented.Figure 1 (a) ladder layout punch 1 (b) punch-orientedAccurate calculation of the process can also increase mold life. Such as discharge power and the calculation of stroke. If we are not allowed to easily spring fatigue fracture or failure. Die on a high degree of calculation, as well as the choice of press and reasonable manner and location-oriented institutions can effectively improve the die life. Modulus of continuity for the design and layout of the ride side of the calculation of size is also crucial.1.3 Die gapStamping dies when space is the convex, concave die size difference between the horizontal edge. Gap on the impact of a large die life is a stamping process and die design of an extremely important issue. Convex, concave die gap size of a direct impact on product quality and mold the life space is too large or too small will cause the edge passivation or wear and tear (as shown in Figure 2). Die materials drop to die later, punch to punch prevail, and these two dimensions has been the impact of space. The experimental results show that the thickness of the gap below 2 percent, prone punch damage, space for more than 6%, there had been errors in parts size. Gap in the thickness of 4% 5%, the effect of blanking good stability. Die gap, therefore the correct choice is to ensure that an important way to die life. At present, the choice of space data in addition to investigations, the most by the actual experience.(a) gap is too small (b) a reasonable gap (c) gap is too largeFigure 2 gap on the impact of stampings2 Die ManufacturingMold manufacturing process design is reasonable, to ensure that mold is an important way of life. Most of mold manufacturing parts of the process can be carried out in accordance with the normal, but there are special requirements for spare parts or spare parts for local processing, will need to have some special methods.2.1 Mechanical RoughMaterial machining accuracy of the assembly of the mold affects accuracy, it will directly affect the mold of parallelism, perpendicularity and coaxiality. In addition, the marks left rough, worn, are prone to stress concentration sites, but also occurred in the early fatigue cracks and the local.2.2 Heat TreatmentHeat Treatment in the manufacture of stamping die plays a very important role, in spite of different types and different structure of mold, the use of different steel products, or using different machining and processing of shape, but they need to use heat treatment process to obtain a higher hardness and wear resistance, as well as other mechanical properties required. In general, the die service life and quality of products produced to a large extent depends on the quality of heat treatment processing. Thus, in die manufacturing, and continuously improve the skill level of heat treatment, a reasonable template to improve the performance of internal organization and working methods, it is particularly important. Heat treatment time and temperature is an important factor, because of the time in different temperatures, heat treatment may constitute a different form, the main annealing, normalizing, quenching and tempering, and carburizing, nitriding, carbonitriding, etc. For example, in the blanking die, because people punch wedge material is the work of more serious wear and tear parts, so the hardness should be greater in general for the HRC 60 63, die for the HRC 57 60, this kind of hardness than the two , or die punch hardness is higher than the longer die life.3 Die Assembly and DebuggingAssembly is the key to mold production process. A direct impact on the quality of the die assembly of the quality of parts, dies and the life of the state of the technology. Die assembly includes two aspects: (1) good parts of each machining process in accordance with requirements of drawings assembled into a general assembly and assembly; (2) in the assembly process as part of the processing work. Die in the assembly as an example, the technical requirements is to ensure consistency blanking gap and ensure the accuracy of direction-oriented institutions, as well as the movement to ensure that all relevant pieces of die design in accordance with strict technical parameters. This is a debugging tool to ensure a successful and smooth conduct of the production protection, but also to ensure that an important factor in mold life. In recent years, with the development of the production, users are vulnerable to damage parts of the swap request, so that users die at the scene of the rapid replacement of damaged parts. Die before the test mode, it should also be designed in strict accordance with the technical parameters of the model to select press. It is closely related to the length of die life. Press the stiffness, precision, crucial parameters such as tonnage. Press one of the stiffness of stiffness by the bed, transmission stiffness and rigidity of three parts-oriented, if less stiffness, load and unloading end, the die gap, great changes will happen, it will affect the accuracy of stamping parts and mold life. Die after assembly, must be red and adjust the test can be used for production. In order to protect the mold, the first time in debugging, it is necessary to pay attention to the use of paper or aluminum, as well as cold-rolled plate red test. To ensure that edge punch die edge into the depth of the scope of a reasonable (usually for a material thickness). Stamping die so red when the level of stress and wear and tear will be minimal, and fully protect the convex and concave mold, increased die life. The purpose of debugging and the task is: to die out not only qualified stampings, security and stability but also put into production use. Should be based on examination of stamping defects, analysis of its causes and try to solve them. Some bending, deep drawing and flanging, etc. so that the deformation of sheet metal dies, stamping parts, when the shape of complex or high accuracy, it is difficult to accurately calculate the deformation of the former size and shape of the rough. For this type of stamping parts, although the relevant references are rough calculation methods and formulas, but the impact of plastic deformation as a result of many factors, calculated from the size and needs of different size. In the actual production in order to obtain more accurate size, often determined through experiments. Red in the test set to adjust the size of blank.4 ConclusionStamping die life impact of a number of factors, from the above analysis we can see from the mold design to the use of the entire process can improve the die life. Practice has proved that the rational design of die structure and the shape of the die using the appropriate manufacturing processes, heat treatment process, so that die in the normal conditions, can increase the mold life.References: 1 Weng its gold. Cold stamping technology M. Beijing: Mechanical Industry Press, 2007. 2 Liu, ZHANG Bao-zhong. Stamping die design and manufacture of M. Beijing: Higher Education Publishing Agency. 2006. 3Xiaopei.wang. Stamping Manual M. Beijing: Mechanical Industry Press, 2006.中文翻譯:影響沖壓模具壽命的因素分析任海東,于玲摘要:沖壓成形是一種應(yīng)用廣泛的材料加工方法,沖壓模具是實現(xiàn)零件加工的重要工藝裝備,它的使用壽命直接影響到產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量和成本。對模具壽命的影響因素加以分析,找出解決問題的方法,從而達到提高模具壽命的目的。關(guān)鍵詞:沖壓模具:壽命;影響因素沖壓是利用安裝在壓力機上的沖模對材料施加壓力,使其產(chǎn)生分離或塑性變形,從而獲得所需要的零件的一種壓力加工方法。它在工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中,尤其是在家用電器、汽車、航空以及儀器儀表等工程領(lǐng)域獲得廣泛應(yīng)用。而沖模就是實現(xiàn)這一零件加工的重要工藝裝備。由于模具的生產(chǎn)加工周期長,使用的材料費用高,制造成本在產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)成本中占有相當大的比例,因此,提高沖壓模具的壽命是非常重要的。模具經(jīng)過使用,由于種種原因不能再生產(chǎn)出合格的沖件,也不能再修復(fù),這種情況一般稱為模具失效。模具壽命受各種失效形式的限制,常見的有:磨損失效、變形失效、斷裂失效及啃傷失效等。由于沖壓工序不同以及工作條件的不同,影響沖壓模具失效的因素很多,而同一種因素也可能帶來幾種失效形式。本文對其影響因素進行分析,找出解決問題的方法,從而達到提高模具壽命的目的。1 模具設(shè)計模具設(shè)計包括結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計和零部件設(shè)計。模具的結(jié)構(gòu)不僅能影響到所生產(chǎn)零件的質(zhì)量,決定企業(yè)的生產(chǎn)效率和加工方式,而且對提高模具的使用壽命也具有關(guān)鍵的作用。因此設(shè)計者在設(shè)計之前,要做好充分的準備工作,在滿足生產(chǎn)的同時盡可能優(yōu)化模具結(jié)構(gòu)。11 零件產(chǎn)品設(shè)計合理的產(chǎn)品設(shè)計有利于提高模具的壽命。如果產(chǎn)品具有尖角,或圓角半徑太小,所設(shè)計的凹模刃口就會因應(yīng)力集中而開裂。在不影響產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)和功能的前提下,我們可以改變其一些不合理的設(shè)計。12 模具結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計合理的結(jié)構(gòu)可以提高模具的壽命。例如在沖裁模中,導(dǎo)向機構(gòu)提高了凸、凹模在沖壓過程中的相對穩(wěn)定性,從而保證模具在合理的沖裁間隙范圍內(nèi)進行沖裁。而沖裁間隙的合理性及穩(wěn)定性正是提高模具壽命的重要措施。精確的導(dǎo)向減少了有相對運動關(guān)系的零部件的磨損,避免了凸、凹模由于間隙不合理出現(xiàn)“啃傷”等失效形式。尤其在精密沖裁模中,高精度的導(dǎo)向機構(gòu)是確保模具結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計成功的重要保障。因而為了提高模具的壽命,必須正確選擇導(dǎo)向形式和導(dǎo)向精度。導(dǎo)向精度的選擇應(yīng)高于凸、凹模的配合精度。對于多凸模沖裁,在幾個凸模直徑相差較大,相距又很近的情況下,如果小凸模細小而又較長,則容易造成失穩(wěn)或折斷。我們可以把凸模布置成如圖1(a)階梯式的,以增加其剛度。對于小孔沖裁,必須增加對凸模的導(dǎo)向,以提高凸模的強度,這是保證沖壓模具能正常工作的前提。其中能增加導(dǎo)向的方法很多,可采用如圖1(b)所示的前端導(dǎo)向和全程導(dǎo)向等。準確的工藝計算也可以提高模具的壽命。如卸料力及行程的計算。若計算不準,容易造成彈簧的疲勞斷裂或失效。對合模高度的計算以及壓力機的選擇,合理的定位方式及導(dǎo)向機構(gòu)等,都可以有效地提高模具的使用壽命。對于連續(xù)模排樣的設(shè)計和搭邊尺寸的計算也至關(guān)重要。13 模具間隙模具間隙是指沖壓時凸、凹模刃口橫向尺寸之差。間隙對模具壽命的影響很大,是沖壓工藝與模具設(shè)計中的一個極其重要的問題。凸、凹模間隙的大小直接影響產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量和模具的使用壽命,間隙過大或過小都會使刃口鈍化或磨損(如圖2所示)。沖裁模中落料一般以凹模為準,沖孔以凸模為準,而這兩個尺寸又受到間隙的影響。實驗表明,間隙在板厚的2以下時,凸模容易發(fā)生損壞,間隙在6以上時,制件尺寸出現(xiàn)誤差。間隙在板厚4 5時,沖裁穩(wěn)定效果好。因此正確選擇模具間隙,是保證模具壽命的重要途徑。目前,間隙的選擇除了查資料以外,大部分靠實際經(jīng)驗獲得。2 模具制造模具制造工藝設(shè)計的合理性,也是保證模具壽命的重要途徑。大部分模具零件的制造可以按正常的工藝進行,但對有特別要求的零件或零件局部加工,就需要有一定特殊的方法。21 機械粗加工材料的加工精度對模具的裝配精度有很大的影響,將直接影響模具的平行度、垂直度和同軸度。另外,粗加工留下的刀痕、磨痕,都是容易產(chǎn)生應(yīng)力集中的部位,也是早期產(chǎn)生裂紋和發(fā)生疲勞的地方。22 熱處理熱處理在沖壓模具的制造中起著很重要的作用,盡管不同類型及不同的結(jié)構(gòu)模具,使用不同的鋼材,或采用不同的機械加工及加工成形,但都需要用熱處理的加工方法,使其獲得較高的硬度和耐磨性,以及其他所要求的力學(xué)性能。一般來說,沖模的使用壽命及生產(chǎn)出來的產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量,在很大程度上取決于熱處理加工質(zhì)量因此,在沖模制造中,不斷提高熱處理的技術(shù)水平,合理的改進模板內(nèi)部組織和性能的工作方法,就顯得格外的重要。時間和溫度是熱處理的重要因素,由于時間溫度的不同,可構(gòu)成不同的熱處理形式,其主要有退火、正火、淬火、回火和滲碳、滲氮、碳氮共滲等。比如在沖裁模中,由于凸模楔人材料,是磨損比較嚴重的工作零件,所以其硬度應(yīng)大些,一般為HRC 6063,凹模為HRC 5760,這樣比兩者硬度樣,或凹模硬度高于凸模的模具壽命更長一些。3 模具裝配及調(diào)試裝配是模具生產(chǎn)中的關(guān)鍵工序。沖模裝配質(zhì)量直接影響制件的質(zhì)量、沖模的技術(shù)狀態(tài)和使用壽命。沖模的裝配工作包括兩方面的內(nèi)容:(1)將每個加工好的零件按圖紙工藝要求裝配成組合件及總體裝配;(2)在裝配過程中進行的一部分加工工作。以沖裁模的裝配為例,其技術(shù)要求是保證沖裁間隙一致性,保證導(dǎo)向機構(gòu)的導(dǎo)向精度,以及保證各相關(guān)運動件能夠按照模具設(shè)計的技術(shù)參數(shù)嚴格進行。這是保證模具調(diào)試成功及生產(chǎn)能夠順利進行的保障,也是確保模具壽命的重要因素。近年來,隨著生產(chǎn)的發(fā)展,用戶對易損壞零件提出了互換要求,以便用戶在現(xiàn)場對模具損壞零件的迅速更換。模具在試模前,還應(yīng)該嚴格按照設(shè)計的技術(shù)參數(shù)來選擇壓力機的型號。它關(guān)系到模具使用壽命的長短。壓力機的剛度、精度、噸位等參數(shù)至關(guān)重要。其中壓力機的剛度是由床身剛度、傳動剛度和導(dǎo)向剛度三部分組成,如果剛度較差,負載終了和卸載時,模具間隙會發(fā)生很大變化,將會影響到?jīng)_壓件的精度和模具壽命。模具裝配完后,必須經(jīng)過試沖和調(diào)整,才能進行生產(chǎn)使用。為了保護模具,在第一次調(diào)試時,要注意利用紙片或鋁片以及冷軋板進行試沖。保證凸模刃口進入到凹模刃口的深度在合理的范圍內(nèi)(一般為一個料厚)。這樣模具沖壓時的沖壓力及磨損程度會最小,充分保護了凸、凹模,提高了模具壽命。調(diào)試的目的和任務(wù)是:使沖模不僅能沖出合格的沖壓件,而且能安全穩(wěn)定的投入生產(chǎn)使用。應(yīng)根據(jù)試沖件中出現(xiàn)的缺陷,分析其產(chǎn)生的原因,設(shè)法加以解決。有些彎曲、拉深及翻邊等使板料變形的沖模,當沖壓件的形狀復(fù)雜或精度較高時,很難精確計算出變形前的毛坯尺寸和形狀。對于這一類沖壓件,雖然相關(guān)參考資料都有計算毛坯的方法和公式,但由于影響塑性變形的因素非常多,計算出來的尺寸和實際的需要尺寸是有差別的。在實際的生產(chǎn)中為了得到較準確的尺寸,往往通過試驗來確定即在試沖調(diào)整中確定毛坯的尺寸。4 結(jié)論影響沖壓模具壽命的因素很多,從以上分析可以看出從模具設(shè)計到使用的全過程中,均能提高模具壽命。實踐證明,合理設(shè)計模具結(jié)構(gòu)及形狀,采用恰當?shù)臎_模制造工藝、熱處理工藝,使模具在正常的條件下工作,均能提高模具的壽命。參考文獻:1翁其金冷沖壓技術(shù)M北京:機械工業(yè)出版社,20072劉建超,張寶忠沖壓模具設(shè)計與制造M北京:高等教育出版社。20063王孝培沖壓手冊M北京:機械工業(yè)出版社,200614
收藏