凍肉切片機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)【羊肉切片機(jī)、羊肉片機(jī)、淝羊切片機(jī)】
購(gòu)買(mǎi)設(shè)計(jì)請(qǐng)充值后下載,資源目錄下的文件所見(jiàn)即所得,都可以點(diǎn)開(kāi)預(yù)覽,資料完整,充值下載可得到資源目錄里的所有文件?!咀ⅰ浚篸wg后綴為CAD圖紙,doc,docx為WORD文檔,原稿無(wú)水印,可編輯。具體請(qǐng)見(jiàn)文件預(yù)覽,有不明白之處,可咨詢(xún)QQ:12401814
南華大學(xué)機(jī)械工程學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)Study and Improvement for Slice Smoothness in Slicing Machine of Lotus Root De-yong YANG ,Jian-ping HU , En-zhu WEI , Heng-qun LEI ,and Xiang-ci KONG Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology Ministry of Education Jiangsu Province Jiangsu University . Zhenjiang .Jiangsu Province .P.R.China212013Tel.: +86-511-8;Fax:+86-511-8yangdy163.comJinhu Agricultural Mechanization Technology Extension Station . Jinhu countyJiangsu Province .P.R.China 211600Abstract: Concerning the problem of the low cutting quality and the bevel edge in the piece of lotus root, the reason was analyzed and the method of improvement was to reduce the force in the vertical direction of link to knife. 3D parts and assemblies of cutting mechanism in slicing machine of lotus were created under PRO/E circumstance. Based on virtual prototype technology, the kinematics and dynamics analysis of cutting mechanism was simulated with ADAMS software, the best slice of time that is 0.2s0.3s was obtained,and the curve of the force in the vertical direction of link to knife was obtained. The vertical force of knife was changed according with the change of the offset distance of crank. Optimization results of the offest distance of crank showed the vertical force in slice time almost is zero when the offset distance of crank is -80mm. Tests show that relative error of thickness of slicing is less than 10% after improved design, which is able to fully meet the technical requirements. Keywords: lotus root; cutting mechanism; smoothness; optimization 1 Introduction China is a country of producing lotus toot, lotus root system of semi-finished products of domestic consumption and external demand for exports is relatively large. In order to improve efficiency, reduce labor intensity, the group work, drawing on the principle of the artificial slice based on the design and development of a new type of lotus root slice (Bi Wei and Hu Jianping, 2006). This new type of slice solved easily broken cutting, stick knives, hard to clean up and other issues, but the process appears less smooth cutting, and some have a problem of hypotenuse piece of root. In this paper, analyzing cutting through the course of slice knife, the reasons causing hypotenuse was found, and the corresponding improvement of methods was proposed and was verified by the experiments.2 Structure of Cutting Mechanism of Slicing Machine Cutting mechanism of the quality of slice lotus root is the core of the machine, the performance of its direct impact on the quality of slice. Virtual prototyping of cutting mechanism of slice lotus root (Fig.1) was built by using PRO/E, and mechanism diagram of the body is shown in Fig.2. Cutting principle of lotus slicer adopted in the cardiac type of slider-crank mechanism was to add materials inside, which can be stacked several lotus root, lotus root to rely on the upper part of the self and the lower part of the lotus press down, so that it arrives in the material under the surface of the baffle. While slider-crank mechanism was driven by motor, the knife installed on the slider cut lotus root. In the slice-cutting process it was found that parallelism of the surface at both ends of part of piece lotus was not enough, which can not meet the technical requirements for processing.Fig.1 Virtual prototyping of cutting mechanismFig.2 Diagram of cutting mechanism Study and improvement for slice smoothness in slicing machine of lotus root.3 The Cause of the Bevel Edge Uneven thickness and bevel edge of cutting were related with forces on the slice knife in the process of cutting. In accordance with cutting mechanism (Fig.2), without taking into account the friction and weight, the direction of force F of point C was along the link. Force F may be decomposed with a horizontal direction force component and a vertical direction force component. The horizontal force component pushed the knife moving for cutting, but the vertical force component caused the knife moving along the vertical direction. Because of the gap between the slider and the rail, the vertical force component made the blade deforming during the movement, and knife could not move along the horizontal direction to cut lotus root, which caused the emergence of bevel edge. Thus, to reduce or eliminate the vertical force component in the cutting-chip was key to solve the problem of bevel edge and improve the quality of cutting.When crank speed was 6990r/min, the horizontal and vertical direction of the force curve of point C connecting link and the blade hinge are shown in Fig.3 and Fig.4 respectively. As can be seen from the chart, with the crank speed improvement the horizontal and vertical direction of the force in point C also increased. The horizontal force changed relatively stable during 0s0.2s, which was conducive to cutting lotus, but the vertical force increased gradually. The more the vertical force was, the more detrimental to the quality cutting. Fig.3 Horizontal force of CFig.4 Vertical force of C4 Simulation and Optimization If improving flatness of the slicer, the structure was optimized to reduce the vertical force component, so as far as possible the level of cutting blade.When crank speed was 6090r/min the velocity curve and acceleration curve of the knife center of mass are shown in Fig.5 and Fig.6 respectively. According to the speed curve, the speed of the knife center of mass was relatively large in a period of 0.2s0.3s. In accordance with the requirements that the knife should have a higher speed during cutting lotus, so this period time was more advantageous to cutting than other terms. According to acceleration curve. When calculates by one cycle, the acceleration value was relatively quite small in the period of time, 0.15s0.3s compared with other time section. Which indicated that the change of velocity was relatively small, simultaneously the force of inertia was small, and the influence of vibration caused by the force was small to the slicer. Therefore,this period of time, 0.2s0.3s, to cut root piece was advantageous in enhances the cutting quality of lotus root piece.Fig.5 Velocity curve of center of mass of knife Fig.6 Acceleration curve of center of mass of knife Based on the above analysis, the vertical force component between link and the knife was the main reason for bevel edge. According to the characteristics of slider-crank mechanism, reducing the vertical force on the knife in the period of cutting time by altering crank offest was tried to enhance the quality of the cutting. When crank speed was 60r/min, the crank eccentricity was optimized. When the offest of the crank was 40mm, 20mm, 0mm, -20mm, -40mm, -80mm, -120mm respectively, the mechanism was simulated and the vertical force curves under different crank eccentricity were obtained, as shown in Fig.7.Fig.7 vertical force curves in different offest Fig.7 indicates that: When the eccentricity was positive, the vertical force on point C increased gradually in 0.2s0.3s with the increase of crank oddest: When the eccentricity was negative, the force decreased gradually first and then begun to increase along with -80mm. So when the offest was -80mm, the numerical of the force in 0.2s0.3s achieved the minimum and the quality of cutting was the best.When the crank rotated in the other speed, there were the same optimization results. Fig.8 show the curve of vertical force in the offest of 0mm and -80mm when the speed of crank was 80r/min. From the Fig.8 it is obvious that vertical direction of the force of point C in 0.2s0.3s reduced a lot when the eccentricity is -80mm. Therefore, the vertical force could be reduced by optimizing the slider-crank mechanism of eccentricity.Fig.8 Vertical force of C5 Experimental AnalysisThe relative error of thickness of lotus root piece reflects the quality of cutting. Which is generally controlled of 10%. There always existed bevel edge phenomenon and the relative error of thickness was about 15% before structural optimization and improvement, which was difficult to meet the technical requirements. The offset in the slider-crank mechanism was optimized, and its structure was improved according to the results of optimization. After improvement cutting test were done in the conditions of crank speed for 80110r/min and statistical data about the relative error of thickness was shown in Table.1. Four levels were separated in the experiment, three times for each level.Table 1 Relative error of thickness of slicingNOCrank speed (r/min)809010011016.6%6.4% 8.2%9.5%25.3%6.1%8.5%9.2%26.4%7.9%7.9%9.4%Average6.1%6.8%8.2%9.4% It is derived from Table.1 that the relative error of the thickness of slices could meet the technical indicators when the crank speed was 80110r/min, especially in the crank rotation speed 80r/min, 90r/min the relative error of thickness was less than 7%,and high quality was achieved.6 ConclusionThe vertical force component acted on the knife in the process of cutting was the main reason for surface formation and bevel edge, so the key of improving the quality was to reduce the vertical force. Through slice knife and velocity acceleration simulation analysis the best time for slicing, 0.2s0.3s, was obtained. By optimizing the offset of the crank the vertical force during cutting time was greatly reduced when the offset was -80mm. Experiments were made after improving the design of lotus root slicer, which results showed that by changing the offset of the crank, the relative error of the thickness could fully meet the requirements of less than 10%. So the problem was basically solved that the flatness was not ideal and was the issue of bevel edge.1References 1 Wei,B . jianping,H.: Study of lotus root slicing techniques and design of new model,Journal of agricultural mechanization research (12),112-114(2006)(in Chinese)2 Enzhu, w.:the simulation and optimization on the new slicing machine of lotus root based on virtual prototype technology .jiangsu university 2008)in Chinese)3 Ce ,Z .:mechanical dynamics .higher education press1999)4Xiuning ,C.:optimal design of machinery .zhejiang university press1999)5Liping,C.,yunqing,Z.,weiqun,R.: dynamic analysis of mechanical systems and application Guide ADAMS . Tsinghua university press ,Beijing(2005)Page 8 of 8 12 屆畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) 凍肉切片機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書(shū) 學(xué)生姓名 學(xué) 號(hào) 所屬學(xué)院 機(jī)械電氣化工程學(xué)院 專(zhuān) 業(yè) 機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)制造及其自動(dòng)化 班 級(jí) 機(jī)械12-1 指導(dǎo)教師 日 期 2012年6月 塔里木大學(xué)教務(wù)處制前 言中國(guó)是一個(gè)地域遼闊、民族眾多的國(guó)家。由于地理、氣候、物質(zhì)、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化、信仰以及烹調(diào)技法的差異,菜肴的風(fēng)標(biāo)味差別很大,形式眾多的流派。火鍋是中國(guó)的傳統(tǒng)飲食方式,起源于民間,歷史悠久。因?yàn)檠蚺H馊赓|(zhì)細(xì)嫩,含豐富的蛋白質(zhì)和豐富的維生素,且容易被消化,能提高身體素質(zhì),提高抗疾病能力,是火鍋中常用的一種食料,均以肉卷的方式在餐桌上出現(xiàn)。本設(shè)計(jì)用于凍肉的切片,又稱(chēng)為羊肉切片機(jī)、羊肉片機(jī)、淝羊切片機(jī)等,是凍羊肉、凍肥牛專(zhuān)業(yè)的切片機(jī),設(shè)計(jì)的效率比同產(chǎn)品要高,切片厚薄均衡,肉片自動(dòng)打卷效果好,機(jī)器運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的低噪音,整機(jī)運(yùn)行的穩(wěn)定性極佳,從而提高生產(chǎn)效益,且本設(shè)計(jì)從經(jīng)濟(jì)性、實(shí)用性出發(fā)適合家居式使用,盡量與一般工廠的實(shí)際相吻合,故能達(dá)到預(yù)期設(shè)想的效果。為家居式凍肉切片機(jī)的推廣提供有力幫助,幫助中國(guó)火鍋業(yè)的發(fā)展,提高全民健康體質(zhì)。塔里木大學(xué)畢業(yè)論文(設(shè)計(jì))開(kāi)題報(bào)告課題名稱(chēng) 凍肉切片機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì) 學(xué)生姓名 學(xué) 號(hào) 8011208135 所屬學(xué)院 機(jī)械電氣化工程學(xué)院 專(zhuān) 業(yè) 機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)制造及其自動(dòng)化班 級(jí) 指導(dǎo)教師 起止時(shí)間 2011-12-1-2012-5-20 機(jī)械電氣化工程學(xué)院教務(wù)辦制開(kāi)題報(bào)告正文一:本課題來(lái)源及研究的目的和意義課題來(lái)源:本課題來(lái)源指導(dǎo)老師的分配,經(jīng)過(guò)仔細(xì)分析,結(jié)合自己所學(xué)的知識(shí)并和馬教授共同討論研究其實(shí)際情況而開(kāi)始此設(shè)計(jì)的工作。目的及意義:首先是為了讓我能更好的把四年所學(xué)的理論知識(shí)與生產(chǎn)實(shí)際相結(jié)合,其次 中國(guó)是一個(gè)地域遼闊、民族眾多的國(guó)家。由于地理、氣候、物質(zhì)、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化、信仰以及烹調(diào)技法的差異,菜肴的風(fēng)標(biāo)味差別很大,形式眾多的流派。火鍋熱,表示“親熱”;火鍋圓,表示“團(tuán)圓”火鍋用湯水處理原材料,表示“以柔克剛”,火鍋不拒葷腥,不嫌寒素,用料不分南北,調(diào)味不拒東西,山珍海味、河鮮、時(shí)菜、豆腐、粉條來(lái)者不拒,一律均可入鍋,表示“兼并天下”;火鍋葷素雜糅,五味俱全,主料配料,味相滲透,又體現(xiàn)了一種“中和之美”。同時(shí)其羊牛肉肉質(zhì)細(xì)嫩,含豐富的蛋白質(zhì)和豐富的維生素,且容易被消化,能提高身體素質(zhì),提高抗疾病能力。最后本設(shè)計(jì)用于凍肉的切片,設(shè)計(jì)的效率比同產(chǎn)品要高,從而提高生產(chǎn)效益,且本設(shè)計(jì)從經(jīng)濟(jì)性、實(shí)用性出發(fā)適合家居式使用,盡量與一般工廠的實(shí)際相吻合,故能達(dá)到預(yù)期設(shè)想的效果。為家居式凍肉切片機(jī)的推廣提供有力幫助,幫助中國(guó)火鍋業(yè)的發(fā)展,提高全民健康體質(zhì)。二:本課題所涉及的問(wèn)題在國(guó)內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀及分析1 國(guó)外發(fā)展情況國(guó)外的切片機(jī)技術(shù)始于六十年代, 到七十年代已經(jīng)發(fā)展成熟,八十年代中期,大部分切片機(jī)都可以加工125mm(5英寸)以上大直徑單晶,象瑞士的邁爾-布格耶斯公司的臥式內(nèi)圓切片機(jī),切割棒料直徑最大可以達(dá)到304.8 mm(12英寸)。八十年代中期后的一、兩年,切片技術(shù)發(fā)展到了鼎盛時(shí)期,相當(dāng)多的多功能全自動(dòng)切片機(jī)相繼商品化。從而誕生了世界上續(xù)道著名的切片機(jī)廠家,如瑞士Meyer-Burger AG公司的TS系列機(jī),日本Tokyo Semitsu 株式會(huì)社的TSK(若干)系列機(jī), 日本Okamoto Machine 株式會(huì)社的ASM系列機(jī), 美國(guó)STC公司的STC系列機(jī)等。就切片機(jī)的結(jié)構(gòu)而言,主軸以空氣軸承活滾動(dòng)軸承為支撐方式的臥式和立式兩種。發(fā)展到現(xiàn)在,就切片機(jī)的功能而言,已經(jīng)相當(dāng)齊全,而且復(fù)合化,切片的方式也多種多樣。2 國(guó)內(nèi)切片機(jī)技術(shù)的發(fā)展概況我國(guó)的切片機(jī)技術(shù)始于七十年代初期,我國(guó)的切片機(jī)廣泛應(yīng)用于蔬菜、中藥、凍肉等領(lǐng)域。目前我國(guó)切片機(jī)的主要方式有以下幾種:(1)直線往復(fù)式切片機(jī)。直線往復(fù)式切片機(jī)的結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單,但效益低。 因此它應(yīng)用于工作要求不高、效益低的場(chǎng)合。(2)圓盤(pán)旋轉(zhuǎn)式切片。圓盤(pán)旋轉(zhuǎn)式切片機(jī)的機(jī)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單也有較高的生產(chǎn)效益,因此它廣泛應(yīng)用于各種場(chǎng)合。(3)水槍式切片。水槍式切片機(jī)耗水量打, 只能切出平直的片, 因此它的應(yīng)用不是十分廣泛。(4)圓形(內(nèi)圓切片的外圓切片)切片。圓形式切片機(jī)有很高的工作效率,但是結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜,設(shè)計(jì)較困難,因此它應(yīng)用于工作效率要求相當(dāng)高的專(zhuān)業(yè)領(lǐng)域。我國(guó)的切片的研究開(kāi)發(fā)方面雖然已有30年的歷史,近幾年來(lái)切片機(jī)的研制發(fā)展也非常迅速,但是與發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家相比目前仍然有一定的距離,研制的切片機(jī)沒(méi)有得到大面積推廣應(yīng)用。雖然在我國(guó)已有切片機(jī)的生產(chǎn)廠家如山東省諸城市大洋食品機(jī)械廠的大洋牌土豆切片機(jī)有400型、600型、江陰鑫達(dá)藥化機(jī)械的中藥切片機(jī)等。但我國(guó)的切片機(jī)方面仍然沒(méi)有根本性突破。三:對(duì)課題所涉及的任務(wù)要求及實(shí)現(xiàn)預(yù)期目標(biāo)的可行性分析1設(shè)計(jì)一種適用于制作火鍋餐飲中所用的肉(羊、牛)卷,要求該機(jī)械采用電動(dòng)機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng),肉卷厚度可調(diào),操作方便,且要求設(shè)計(jì)中加入凍肉模具,完成整機(jī)的圖紙?jiān)O(shè)計(jì),撰寫(xiě)設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書(shū)。2尋找充分的理論依據(jù),經(jīng)過(guò)嚴(yán)格的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算,實(shí)現(xiàn)預(yù)期目標(biāo)的可行性還是很高的。四:本課題需重點(diǎn)研究的、關(guān)鍵的問(wèn)題及解決的思路研究?jī)?nèi)容問(wèn)題:1熟悉切片機(jī)械的結(jié)構(gòu),工作原理,以及了解切片機(jī)械的發(fā)展方向。2完成中等復(fù)雜程度機(jī)械的計(jì)算、結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)等工作。3以?xún)鋈馇衅瑱C(jī)為對(duì)象進(jìn)行機(jī)械的設(shè)計(jì),包括刀具的設(shè)計(jì)對(duì)肉卷厚度調(diào)整,凍肉模具的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)。4完成凍肉切片機(jī)裝配圖的設(shè)計(jì)和所有非標(biāo)零件圖設(shè)計(jì)。解決思路:1首先認(rèn)真查閱相關(guān)資料,初步掌握凍肉切片機(jī)的結(jié)構(gòu)及工作原理;2分析材料及相應(yīng)參數(shù)的計(jì)算;3制定其傳動(dòng)部件設(shè)計(jì)方案,這也是整個(gè)裝置最重要的部分,必須有充分的理論依據(jù)和經(jīng)過(guò)嚴(yán)格的計(jì)算得出。4經(jīng)行刀具的設(shè)計(jì),從刀具的各個(gè)參數(shù)及材料入手進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)。五:完成本課題所必須得工作條件及解決辦法 通過(guò)大學(xué)四年的學(xué)習(xí),我掌握了基本的專(zhuān)業(yè)知識(shí),對(duì)本課題的相關(guān)學(xué)科有一定的了解,具有一定的相關(guān)理論基礎(chǔ)。在校期間,學(xué)校還組織過(guò)幾次課程設(shè)計(jì),因此積累了一定的經(jīng)驗(yàn),對(duì)本次設(shè)計(jì)有指導(dǎo)性的幫助。同時(shí)經(jīng)過(guò)幾個(gè)學(xué)期的一系列的設(shè)計(jì)與實(shí)習(xí),錘煉了我們綜合多門(mén)課程知識(shí)經(jīng)行創(chuàng)新的能力。學(xué)校圖書(shū)館收藏了許多有關(guān)專(zhuān)業(yè)方面的知識(shí)書(shū)籍和周刊,并且提供網(wǎng)絡(luò)化的機(jī)房,可以在中國(guó)期刊網(wǎng)、中國(guó)知網(wǎng)、萬(wàn)方數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)、維普網(wǎng)等網(wǎng)站查閱有關(guān)資料?,F(xiàn)有相關(guān)的裝配圖紙及零件圖及相關(guān)技術(shù)參數(shù)和要求、機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè)、機(jī)械制造技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)、機(jī)械制造裝備設(shè)計(jì)、零件設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè)等相關(guān)資料。除了以上資料,還有AUICAD、PRO/E、SOILDWORKS、OFFICE等相關(guān)的繪圖軟件和工作軟件。在指導(dǎo)方面馬少輝老師提供了詳細(xì)的理論指導(dǎo)。六:完成本課題的工作方案及進(jìn)度計(jì)劃1下達(dá)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)書(shū),2011-12-012完成畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)開(kāi)題報(bào)告,2011-12-203進(jìn)行畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)中期檢查并填寫(xiě)記錄表,2012-04-184下達(dá)審閱意見(jiàn)修改意見(jiàn)單,進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)修改,2012-05-115完成畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)定稿,2012-05-256畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)答辯,2012-05-26七:主要參考文獻(xiàn)參考文獻(xiàn)1 濮良貴、紀(jì)明剛. 機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)M. 北京:高等教育出版社第八版. 143-2722 王昆、何小柏,汪信遠(yuǎn).機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)課程設(shè)計(jì)M. 北京:高等教育出版社1996年版 130-1523 劉曼茹錘片粉碎機(jī)的研究J. 北京:農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),l990,3(54)4李良藻、湯楚宙主編. 農(nóng)產(chǎn)品加工機(jī)械M.長(zhǎng)沙:湖南教育出版社,1989.5 無(wú)錫輕工業(yè)學(xué)院主編. 食品工廠機(jī)械與設(shè)備 M.北京:中國(guó)輕工業(yè)版社,1993.6第一機(jī)械工業(yè)部農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械研究所.農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè)(上、下冊(cè))M.北京:機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社,1972. 7 中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化科學(xué)研究院.實(shí)用機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè)M.北京.中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械出版社.19848 沈再春.農(nóng)產(chǎn)品加工機(jī)械與設(shè)備M.北京.中國(guó)輕工業(yè)出版社.1993. 105-1209厲建國(guó)、趙濤.食品加工機(jī)械M.成都.四川科學(xué)技術(shù)出版社出版.1984.130-15210 許學(xué)勤.食品工廠機(jī)械與設(shè)備M. 北京.中國(guó)輕工業(yè)出版社.2008.138-14211 馬海樂(lè).食品機(jī)械與設(shè)備M. 北京.中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)出版社.2004.75-8512 肖旭霖. 食品機(jī)械與設(shè)備M. 北京.科學(xué)出版社.2006.75-8南華大學(xué)機(jī)械工程學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)蓮藕切片機(jī)切片平滑度的研究和改進(jìn)楊德勇 胡建平 韋恩鑄 雷恒群 孔祥次農(nóng)業(yè)設(shè)備和現(xiàn)代技術(shù)的國(guó)家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室江蘇省教育部 江蘇大學(xué).江蘇.鎮(zhèn)江中國(guó) 江蘇省 212013電話 +86-511-8:傳真+86-511-8yangdy163.com金湖農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化技術(shù)推廣站中國(guó) 江蘇省 211600摘要:針對(duì)蓮藕切削質(zhì)量不高和蓮藕片的斜邊問(wèn)題,通過(guò)分析原因,改進(jìn)的方法就是減少刀在垂直方向的力。在Pro/E的環(huán)境下創(chuàng)建了蓮藕切片機(jī)的3D零件和裝配體?;谔摂M樣機(jī)技術(shù),切片機(jī)的運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)和動(dòng)力學(xué)分析是在ADAMS軟件模擬實(shí)驗(yàn)下實(shí)現(xiàn)的,獲得最佳的切削時(shí)間為0.2s0.3s,并且得到了刀在垂直方向上的力的曲線。刀在垂直方向上的力隨著曲柄偏移量的變化而改變。曲柄的偏移量?jī)?yōu)化結(jié)果表明,當(dāng)曲柄的偏移量為-80mm時(shí),在切削時(shí)間里的垂直方向上的力幾乎為零。測(cè)試結(jié)果表明,經(jīng)過(guò)改進(jìn)設(shè)計(jì)后,切片厚度的相對(duì)誤差小于10,這是能夠完全滿足技術(shù)要求的。關(guān)鍵詞:蓮藕;切削機(jī)制;平滑度;優(yōu)化1前言 中國(guó)是一個(gè)生產(chǎn)蓮藕的大國(guó),蓮藕半成品系列食品的國(guó)內(nèi)消費(fèi)和外部的出口需求量比較大,為了提高工作效率,減輕勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度,設(shè)計(jì)工作組,在借鑒人工切蓮藕片原理的基礎(chǔ)上設(shè)計(jì)和開(kāi)發(fā)一個(gè)新型的切片機(jī)(畢偉,胡建平,2006年)。這種新型的切片機(jī)容易解決切片易斷,粘刀,難清理等問(wèn)題,但過(guò)程中還是出現(xiàn)不平滑切削和一些斜邊的現(xiàn)象。本文通過(guò)對(duì)切削時(shí)刀片的分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些造成斜邊現(xiàn)象的原因,并提出了相應(yīng)的改進(jìn)方法,并通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)得到了驗(yàn)證。2 切片機(jī)切削結(jié)構(gòu)原理蓮藕切片的切削原理是機(jī)器的核心,性能直接影響切片的質(zhì)量。在使用PRO / E平臺(tái)下建立了蓮藕切削原理的虛擬樣機(jī)(圖1),結(jié)構(gòu)本身的原理圖如圖2所示。蓮藕切片機(jī)的切削原理是通過(guò)核心的曲柄滑塊機(jī)構(gòu)往里面添加材料,它可以堆疊許多蓮藕,蓮藕依靠自己本身上部和下部的蓮藕,以便它能夠到達(dá)擋板的表面。曲柄滑塊機(jī)構(gòu)是由電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng),在滑塊上安裝刀片切蓮藕。但在切削過(guò)程中,發(fā)現(xiàn)在一塊蓮藕兩端面的平行度是不足夠的,這不能滿足加工的技術(shù)要求。圖1 蓮藕切削原理的虛擬樣機(jī)圖2 切片原理結(jié)構(gòu)圖切片機(jī)的蓮藕片平滑度的研究和提高。3 斜邊的原因厚薄不均勻和斜邊問(wèn)題與刀片在切削過(guò)程中的力量有關(guān)。按照結(jié)構(gòu)原理(圖2),不考慮相互間摩擦和重量的因素,C點(diǎn)的力F的方向是沿鏈接方向。力F可以分解為一個(gè)水平方向的分力和一個(gè)垂直方向的分力。水平分力造成的刀沿垂直方向移動(dòng)切削,但垂直方向上的力造成的刀沿垂直方向移動(dòng)。由于滑塊和導(dǎo)軌之間的差距,垂直分力會(huì)使葉片在運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)變形,刀不能沿水平方向切蓮藕,導(dǎo)致出現(xiàn)斜邊。因此,解決斜邊的問(wèn)題和提高切削質(zhì)量的關(guān)鍵是減少或消除切片時(shí)的垂直分力。 當(dāng)曲軸轉(zhuǎn)速為6090轉(zhuǎn)/分鐘,C點(diǎn)和刀片連接部位的水平和垂直方向的力曲線如圖3和圖4所示。從圖上可以看出,當(dāng)曲柄的速度提高后,C點(diǎn)水平和垂直方向的力也增加了,相對(duì)穩(wěn)定的水平力有利于切削蓮藕期間,但垂直方向上的力也逐漸增加。越多的垂直方向上的力,越不利于切削的質(zhì)量。圖3 C點(diǎn)的水平力圖4 C點(diǎn)的垂直方向上的力4 仿真和優(yōu)化如果提高切片的平整度,結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化可以減少垂直分力,所以盡可能的要刀片保持水平。當(dāng)曲柄速度6090轉(zhuǎn)/分鐘時(shí),刀質(zhì)量中心的速度曲線和加速度曲線分別如圖5和圖6所示。根據(jù)速度曲線,在0.2s0.3s時(shí)間里,刀質(zhì)量中心的速度是比較大的。按照刀應(yīng)該有更高的速度來(lái)切削蓮藕的要求,這期間的時(shí)間切削比其他時(shí)間更有利。根據(jù)加速度曲線,一個(gè)周期計(jì)算,在0.15s0.3s的時(shí)間里,相比其他的時(shí)間段加速度值是相對(duì)比較小。這表明速度的變化相對(duì)較小,同時(shí)慣性產(chǎn)生的力小,切片機(jī)受力引起的振動(dòng)影響小。因此,在0.2s0.3s里來(lái)切蓮藕有利于提高蓮藕片的切削質(zhì)量。圖5 刀片的質(zhì)量中心速度曲線圖6 刀片的質(zhì)量中心加速度曲線 基于上述分析,刀片和鏈接之間的垂直分力是造成斜邊的主要原因。根據(jù)曲柄滑塊機(jī)構(gòu)的特點(diǎn),在切削時(shí)間段通過(guò)改變曲柄偏移來(lái)減少對(duì)刀垂直方向上的力,從而提高切削質(zhì)量。當(dāng)曲軸轉(zhuǎn)速為60轉(zhuǎn)/分鐘,曲軸偏心率得到了優(yōu)化。當(dāng)曲柄偏移量分別為40mm,20mm,0mm,-20mm, -40mm, -80mm, -120mm時(shí),在不同的偏移量下模擬其原理,獲得了垂直方向上的力曲線,如圖7所示。圖7 不同偏移下的垂直方向上的力曲線圖7表明:偏心率為正值時(shí),在0.2s0.3s隨著曲柄偏移量增加,C點(diǎn)的垂直方向上的力逐漸增加;當(dāng)偏心率為負(fù)值時(shí),隨著曲柄偏移量的增加,力開(kāi)始下降,然后在-80mm處開(kāi)始逐步增加。所以,當(dāng)偏移量為-80mm,力在0.2s0.3s的數(shù)值降到最低,這時(shí)切削質(zhì)量是最佳的。 當(dāng)曲柄在其他的速度旋轉(zhuǎn),有相同的優(yōu)化結(jié)果。圖8顯示的是曲軸轉(zhuǎn)速為80轉(zhuǎn)/分鐘、曲軸偏移量為0mm到-80mm時(shí),垂直方向上的力。從圖8可以看出,當(dāng)偏移量為-80mm時(shí),C點(diǎn)垂直方向的里在0.2s0.3s大大減少。因此通過(guò)優(yōu)化曲柄偏移量可以減少垂直方向上的力。圖8 C點(diǎn)的垂直方向上的力5 實(shí)驗(yàn)分析蓮藕片的厚度相對(duì)誤差反映了切削質(zhì)量,一般控制在10。在結(jié)構(gòu)的優(yōu)化和改進(jìn)前,總是存在斜邊現(xiàn)象,厚度相對(duì)誤差約為15%左右,這是難以滿足的技術(shù)要求。對(duì)曲柄滑塊機(jī)構(gòu)的偏移量進(jìn)行優(yōu)化,并根據(jù)優(yōu)化的結(jié)果,它的結(jié)構(gòu)有了一些改進(jìn)。改進(jìn)后的曲柄,在速度的條件為80110轉(zhuǎn)/分鐘時(shí),切削試驗(yàn)出來(lái)的厚度相對(duì)誤差的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)如表1所示。從四個(gè)速度層次進(jìn)行分析實(shí)驗(yàn),每個(gè)速度層次進(jìn)行三次實(shí)驗(yàn)。表 1 切片厚度相對(duì)誤差 序號(hào)曲柄速度(轉(zhuǎn)/分鐘)809010011016.6%6.4% 8.2%9.5%25.3%6.1%8.5%9.2%26.4%7.9%7.9%9.4%平均6.1%6.8%8.2%9.4%來(lái)自表1的數(shù)據(jù)顯示,當(dāng)曲柄速度為80110轉(zhuǎn)/分鐘時(shí),切片厚度相對(duì)誤差能滿足各項(xiàng)技術(shù)指標(biāo),尤其是當(dāng)曲軸旋轉(zhuǎn)速度為80轉(zhuǎn)/分鐘和90轉(zhuǎn)/分鐘時(shí),厚度相對(duì)誤差低于7,達(dá)到了較高的切削質(zhì)量。6 總結(jié) 切削的過(guò)程中,表面不平整和斜邊的主要原因是作用在刀組件上的垂直分力,因此提高質(zhì)量的關(guān)鍵是減小垂直方向上的力。通過(guò)刀片質(zhì)量中心速度和加速度模擬分析曲線得到,0.2s0.3s是切片的最佳時(shí)間。通過(guò)優(yōu)化曲柄的偏移量,當(dāng)偏移量為-80mm時(shí),垂直方向上的力在切削時(shí)間大大減小。經(jīng)過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)改進(jìn)蓮藕切片機(jī)后,實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,通過(guò)改變曲柄偏移量,厚度相對(duì)誤差不到10,完全能夠滿足要求。因此,平整度不理想和斜邊問(wèn)題基本解決。參考文獻(xiàn)1 胡建平.蓮藕切片技術(shù)的學(xué)習(xí)和新的模型設(shè)計(jì). 中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化研究(12),112114.20062 韋恩鑄.基于虛擬樣機(jī)技術(shù)的新型蓮藕切片機(jī)仿真優(yōu)化.江蘇大學(xué),20083 張 策.機(jī)械動(dòng)力學(xué).高等教育出版社,19994 陳秀林.機(jī)械優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì).浙江大學(xué)出版社,1999.5 陳麗萍,鄭云群,容微群.機(jī)械系統(tǒng)的動(dòng)態(tài)分析和應(yīng)用指南ADAMS.北京:清華大學(xué)出版 社,2005第 7 頁(yè) 共 7 頁(yè)
收藏