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專題08 動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài) 1. The TV Dwelling Narrowness(《蝸居》)is really fantastic.The show has succeeded in (get across) much to the audience，which has contributed to its success. 【解析】句意：電視劇《蝸居》真的很吸引人。它成功地和觀眾產(chǎn)生共鳴，這促進(jìn)了它的成功。get across使……被理解。放在介詞后的應(yīng)為動名詞。 【答案】getting across 2.Considering his health，I advise him to (set aside) an hour or two each day to work out. 【答案】set aside 3. Mary often does some translation work to earn extra money，which (accout for) half of her income. 【解析】句意：瑪麗經(jīng)常做些翻譯工作來賺取外快，這占了她收入的一半。account for是……的原因；解釋，說明；(在數(shù)量上、比例上)占。 【答案】accounts for 4. “Judging the voice, and not the appearance” makes the show—The Voice of China (stand out) from the numerous other reality shows in China. 【解析】stand out意思“引人注目”。句意：“判斷聲音而不是外貌”使得《中國好聲音》在中國眾多真人秀節(jié)目中引人注目。 【答案】stand out 5. I dont know why he (break off) in the middle of a sentence. 【解析】broke off 中斷，突然停止。句意：我不知道他為什么話只說了一半就停止。 【答案】broke off 6.He was about to do his homework when an unusual noise (arrest) his attention. 【解析】句意：他剛要做作業(yè)，這時一個不尋常的聲音吸引了他的注意力。 【答案】arrested 7.It is bad manners to (拒絕) an invitation without a reason. 【解析】句意：無故拒絕邀請是不禮貌的。turn down拒絕。 【答案】turn down 8. Fully (absorb) in preparing for the coming exam，she no longer has time to enjoy the various activities in her neighborhood. 【解析】句意：她完全聚精會神地準(zhǔn)備即將到來的考試，所以她沒有時間在社區(qū)參加各種各樣的活動。absorbed聚精會神。 【答案】absorbed 9.He was driving home on the highway last night when a policeman stopped him and (accuse) him of speeding. 【解析】句意：昨晚，他在公路上開車回家，這時一個警察讓他停下，指控他超速駕駛。accuse of是固定用法，意思是指控。 【答案】accused 10. That hero who died in the war was so brave that he never (give in) to the enemies until death. 【答案】gave in 易錯起源1、考查動詞辨析 例1．Much as he ________he has a good command of English，he sometimes feels it hard to find an appropriate version for some Chinese idioms. A．a(chǎn)nnounces B．declares C．claims D．confirms 【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。此處announces通知；declares宣布；claims 聲明； confirms證實(shí)。句意：雖然他承認(rèn)自己掌握了英語，但有時他感到找到漢語的合適的英語翻譯很難。根據(jù)句意選D項(xiàng)。 【答案】D 【變式探究】Try not to cough more than you can ________ since it may cause problems to your lungs. A. check B．a(chǎn)llow C．stop D．help 【答案】D 　 【解析】考查動詞辨析?？忌枵莆斩陶Zmore than one can help的意思 “盡量不”，故正確答案是D項(xiàng)。句意：盡量不要咳嗽，因?yàn)檫@會給你的肺帶來問題。 【名師點(diǎn)睛】 高考?？嫉膸捉M動詞詞義辨析 1．injure，hurt，wound，destroy injure 一般指在意外事故中受傷 hurt 是表示“傷害”的一般用法，既可指對肉體的傷害，也可指對情感的傷害 wound 常指外傷，尤指在戰(zhàn)爭、戰(zhàn)斗中造成的傷害 destroy 一般指徹底損壞，常譯成“毀壞，損壞” I didnt want to hurt his feelings. 我不想傷害他的感情。 He was wounded in the battle. 他在戰(zhàn)斗中負(fù)過傷。 2．beat，hit，strike，defeat，win beat 表示“(尤指用棍或其他硬物)接連地打，擊”，還可表示“打敗，勝過” hit 表示對準(zhǔn)目標(biāo)打一下，強(qiáng)調(diào)擊中 strike 表示突然性或一次性的擊打 defeat (＝beat)是指“擊敗，戰(zhàn)勝”，賓語通常是人或集體 win 是“(在……中)獲勝”或“贏”的意思，賓語通常為war，match，game，prize，medal，respect，battle等名詞 Our team beat the American team by eight. 我們隊(duì)以超過美國隊(duì)八分的成績戰(zhàn)勝了。 She hit him out of anger. 她生氣地打了他一下。 The tower was struck by lightning. 該塔被閃電擊中了。 He defeated all the other participants and won the prize. 他擊敗了其他參賽者，獲了獎。 【錦囊妙計(jì)，戰(zhàn)勝自我】adopt，attach，adapt，adjust的區(qū)別 adopt vt. 采取，采納；收養(yǎng)，領(lǐng)養(yǎng) attach vt. 把……附(在……上)；重視 attach much importance to... 非常重視…… adapt vt. 適應(yīng)；adapt oneself to 適應(yīng)于 adjust vt. 適應(yīng)，調(diào)整；adjust oneself to 適應(yīng)于 This kind of desk can be adjusted to the height you need; besides, it is not expensive at all. 這個桌子可以根據(jù)你需要的高度而調(diào)整，而且一點(diǎn)也不貴。 Recently, to maintain national balance, the Chinese government has adopted a policy of encouraging college graduates to take positions in rural areas. 為了保持平衡，中國政府最近通過了一項(xiàng)鼓勵大學(xué)畢業(yè)生去農(nóng)村就業(yè)的政策。 Parents attach much importance to education. They will do their best to give their children that priceless gift. 父母親都非常重視教育。他們會盡自己最大的努力給予孩子們無價的饋贈 易錯起源2、考查動詞短語的用法和意義 例2．Body language can give a lot about your mood，so standing with your arms folded can send out a signal that you are being defensive. 【答案】away 【名師點(diǎn)睛】 多記一些常見動詞及短語的含義和用法并學(xué)會在特定語境中靈活運(yùn)用。 以下為常見短語動詞 : 一、動詞 + 介詞/副詞 短語 例句 Act on照……行事 He acts on principles. answer for對……負(fù)責(zé) You will answer for what you’ve done. Arm...against帶武器以防 He armed himself against wild animals. agree with同意(某人) I agree with her. agree to同意(建議等) They agreed to the proposal. apree on(in)同意商定(問題，條件等) They agreed on the question. arrive at／in到達(dá)(某地) He arrived in Nanjing at five o’clock yesterday mornring. Atm at 瞄準(zhǔn) He aimed the gun at the bird. Ask after 問候 My fater asked after you. Ask for 請求 The boy asked for more food. borrow．．．from從……借來 He borrowed a like from Mary. believe in 信任 We all believe in her. belong to 屬于 The house belongs to me. burst into突然……起來 She burst into tears at the news. begin at從(頁)開始 Today we shall begin at page 40. Babe...on 根據(jù) he based the conclusion on experiments. beat about the bush繞彎子 Tell me the truth. Don’t beat about the bush. Consist of由……組成 The society consists of five members. congratulate……on祝賀 We congratulated her on winning the contest. come to an end 結(jié)束 The talk come to an end at ten. compare．．．to 把……比作 He compared the young to the rising sun. compare．．．with同……相比 She compared the blue pen with the red pen. carebr喜歡；照料 He doesn’t care for playing football. Change．．．for用……交換 He changed his radio for a recorder. ChanSe from．．．to從……轉(zhuǎn)到 She changed from team A to team B. clear up 放晴 The weather cleared up in the afternoon. come across偶然碰到 I came across an old friend in the street. come into想出；進(jìn)入 An idea suddenly came into my mind. ca11 up 打電話 I shall call her up soon. Csll for 叫(人) He will call for you in the evening. call for 為……叫喊 He heard someone calling for help. cdll on 訪問(某人) She will call on a friend on Sunday. cdll on 號召 The Party called on us to study hard. Cure...of 治愈 Fhe medicine cured him of his pain. depend on 依靠 He depended on his mother in life. disagree with與……意見不同 He disagreed with her over the plan. Die of 因……病、饑餓等而死 The man died of cancer. Die from 因……傷、意外等而死 The died man died from a serious wound. Die for 為……而死 He died for the people. devote to把……用于 she devoted all her money to huvine books. enged in 從事，忙于 He is engaged in writing new book. End with以……結(jié)束 The party ended with dancing. fail in在……失敗 She failed in winning the game. find out查明 He has not found out the trouble yet. give up 放棄 Never give up hope. give over克服，渡過 You’ll soon get over your shyness. Get on(／off) 上車(／下車) She got on the bus at Gulou Square. Get on進(jìn)展 He is getting on well in the work. Get ready for準(zhǔn)備好 He has got ready for the journey. Get in 收進(jìn) The peasants got in the wheat in May. grow up 長大，發(fā)展 The children have already grown up. give in 投降(讓步) They gave in at last. Get up 起床 She gets up early every morning. Go on 繼續(xù) The meeting went on deep into the night. go all out 竭盡全力 They went all out to build the airport. So through通過；細(xì)察 She went through the book before buying it. go over復(fù)習(xí)，看一遍 She went over the lessons for three times. go down(日，月)落下，下沉 The moon has gone down. go without 放棄，沒有也行 He had to go without food. Hand in交進(jìn)來 They handed in their papeps. Have nothing to do with 與……無關(guān) He has nothing to do with the matter. Have some thing to do with 與……無關(guān) Does she have anything to do with the case? Head for 朝……去 The ship is heading for the nearest port. Help with 幫助 He helped her with her English. Help...in在……幫助 He helped her in study in English. Hope for 希望(得到) She hoped for Mary to come. introduce．．．to．．．介紹 She introduced me to her father. inspire．．．with．．．以……激發(fā) He inspired them with courage. insist on堅(jiān)持 She insisted on doing it that way. interfere with(in) 妨礙；干涉 Don’t interfere With his work. join in 參加(活動) she also joined in the dancing. join sb. in 加入某人從事 He joined us in watering the tees. keep on 繼續(xù) She kept on making experinents. Knock at敲(門等) Someone is knocking at the door. loog for渴望 I’m longing for a letter from him. look up查尋；向上看 He is looking up a new word in the dictionary. look upon．．．a(chǎn)s把……看作 Do you look upon him as a good friend? learn．．．by heart 背會 She has learnt it by heart. Leave for動身去 He is leaving for Nanjing next week. look for尋找 The police are looking for the lost car. Lie in 位于 The town lies in the hills. live on 靠……生活，以……為主食 Sheep live on grass. laugh at 對……笑，嘲笑 Don’t laugh at others. look throut 翻閱；瀏覽 The boy looked through the picture book. Mix．．．with 同……混合 Oil and water can’t mix with each other. meetwith 遇到 She met with some difficulties. make up one’s mind 決定 He has made up his mind what to say. Owe to 歸功于 He owed all his success to his parents. Operate on為……手術(shù) He operated on the wounded soldier. Put．．．into 把……放入 She put the book into the bag. play with 玩 The boy played with a toy tank. Put up 舉起 They put up their hands. Put up掛起 She put up a picture on the wall. Put off 推達(dá) The match is put off owing to the rain. Point out 指出 The teacher pointed out his mistakes. preside over 主持(會議) Who is to preside over the meeting? present...with 贈送 He presented her with a gold watch. Put．．．a(chǎn)cross 使理解(相信) She didn’t put the meaning across very well. Prevent．．．from 阻止 The snow prevented him from coming. persist in 堅(jiān)持 He persisted in doing that. Put...into practice實(shí)施 We shall put the plan into practice. quarrel over 為……爭吵 They quarrelled over the property. quarrel with 同……爭吵 She quanelled with her mother. Reply to 答復(fù) He hasn’t replied to me yet. recover from 恢復(fù) She has recovered from her illness. Rely on 依靠 He relied on his daughter in the past. refrain from 設(shè)法不，忍住 Please refrain from smoking. Rob...of...搶走 The pain robbed him of sleep. Run over 輾過去 The bus run over his legs. result from 由……引起 His illness results from overeating. result in 導(dǎo)致 Overeating results in his illness. Remember sb.to代問好 Please remember me to your mother. Set about 著手干 They set about the work at once. Set out 出發(fā) They set out at dawn. succeed in 成功 He succeeded in passing the exam. Speak off 說到 She once spoke of the book to me. Supply...with提供 They supplied the soldiers with weapons. share in分擔(dān)(享) He shared in her joys and sorrows. share sth with sb 與某人共同使用 She shared a room with others. settle in安頓下來 He settled in a small town. See through 看透 I have already seen through the man. See to it 保證 See to it that the work is done well. send for 派人請 We have sent for the doctor. Stand by 支持 We’ll stand by you in your hour of need. Stand of 代表 What does “U.S,” stand far? spend．．．on花費(fèi) She spent a lot of money on books. show around 帶…參觀 He showed the guests around the city. talk about 談?wù)? what are you taking about ? over 渡過 lie has tided over his illness. turn against 背叛 She will never turn against her country. turn into 變成 Water can turn into gas. turn to 翻到，轉(zhuǎn)向 Please turn to page 10. think of 想念 We think of you all the time. think about(of) 考慮 They are thinking about buying it. turn on 打開 Please turn on the radio. turn off 關(guān)掉 Please turn off the lights in the room. tell．．．from 區(qū)分 I can’t tell her from her sister. take off 脫去 She asked him to take off the cost. turn out 關(guān)掉 He forgot to turn out the gas. turn out 生產(chǎn) The factory turns ont 100 cars per day. turn round 繞著…轉(zhuǎn) The earth turns round the sun. turn up 出現(xiàn) He didn’t turn up until eleven o’clock. to begin with 首先 To begin with,we are short of money. wait for 等待 We shall wait for you at the school gate. watch out for提防 We should watch out for the enemy. write to給……寫信 He wrote to me last week. wake up 醒來 She usually wakes up at five. wipe out 消滅 The enemy troops have been wiped out. watch over 照看 The old should watch over the young. 二、過去分詞 + 介詞 （這類短語常同連系動詞連用） 短 語 例句 be absorbed in全神貫注于 he is absorbed in reading. be brudened with負(fù)重 he is burdened with a heavy load. be connected with同……有關(guān)，同……有聯(lián)系 He is no longer connected with the company. be covered with覆蓋 The road is covered with snow. be crowded with 擠滿 She is dressed in red. be dressed in穿著 She is dressed in red. be engaged to與……訂婚 Mary is engaged to John. be equipped with 裝備 He is experienced in mending bikes. be experienced in對……有經(jīng)驗(yàn) He is experienced in mending bikes. be filled with 填滿 The hole is filled with ants. be furnished with 提供，布置 They are furnished with enough food. be interested in對……有興趣 He is interested in the picture. be joined to連接，結(jié)合 One pipe is joined to another. be known as因……而知名 He is known as a painter. be known for因……而出名 The hill is known for the temple be looked on as作為…看待 He is looked on as their leader. be made into被制成，使成為 The boy was made into an artist. be made up of由……構(gòu)成 A car is made up of many different parts. be married to與……結(jié)婚 She is married to a musician. be pleased with對……喜歡，滿意 He is pleased with the work. be prepared for準(zhǔn)備好 They are prepared for the journey. be regarded as被認(rèn)為 He is regarded as the greatest poet. be satisfied with對……滿意 I am satisfied with your answer. be ashamed of對……感到羞愧 She is ashamed of her action. be tired of(sth)對……厭煩 He is tired of this kind of life. be terrified at被……嚇一跳 He is rerrified at the snake. 三、動詞 + 名詞 +介詞 短語 例句 apply one’s mind to專心于 He applied his mind to study. catch sight of瞧見，看見 I caught sight of her just now. catch(take)hold of抓住 He caught hold of the girl by the hand. devote oneself to獻(xiàn)身于，專心于 She devotes herself to eaching. devote one’s life to為……獻(xiàn)身 He devotes his life to the research. do(great)harm to對……危害(大) The rain has done great harm to the crops. do(great)wrong to冤枉，委屈 Don’t do wrong to an innocent person. feel pity for對……感到憐憫 He felt pity for the poor girl. Fix one’s eyes on 凝視 He fixed his eyes on the girl. form the habit of 養(yǎng)成……的習(xí)慣 He has formed the habit of getting up early. Get a good hold of 抓牢 He got a good hold of the rope. Get in touch with 同……取得聯(lián)系 I got in touch with her by phone. Get ird of 除去，擺脫 She has got rid of the had abit. give dvice on提出……建議 He gave advice on city planning. have none of不允許，不接受 He will have none of your empty promise. have trust in 相信 She had trust in him. have (no) difficulty in (沒)有困難 He has difficultjy in doing the work . have a word with同……談話 I want to have a word with you. have trouble in 在……有麻煩 She had trouble in the matter. have a look at 看一下 Let me have a good at it. have words with 同……口角(爭吵) He had words with his wife. have (show) interest in 對……有興趣 He has great intertst in this kind of film. have(deep)effect on 對……有(深遠(yuǎn))影響 The book has great effect on his life. have mercy on 同情，憐憫 He has no mercy on the poor old man. have(take)pity on 同情 He has great pity on the sick boy. have the honour of有幸…… he has the honour of meeting her there. help oneself to請吃；自用 Please help yourself to some fruit. keep a record of記錄 She kept a record of her daily life. make friends with 同……交朋友 He made fridnds with a foreign girl. make fun of取笑 Don’t make fun of him. make(the)best use of 充分利用 They make the best use of the money. make(good，full)use of (很好，充分)利用 You shold make good use of your time. make an apology to向……道歉 He made an apology to her. make one’s way to走向 He made his way to the house. make preparations for 準(zhǔn)備 She is making preparations for the holiday. make a dive for 猛沖 The dog make a dive for the bone. make a mistake about為……產(chǎn)生誤會 Don’t made a mistake about her. make a study of 研究，學(xué)習(xí) I shall make a study of the plan. Pay attention to 注意 He paid much attention to her life. pass a judgement on判決…… The court passed a judgement on the case. Put one’s heart and soul into全神貫注于 She put her heart and sould into the work. Set fire to放火、點(diǎn)火 They set fire to the home. Show respect for 尊敬 They show respect for the old. show mercy ot 同情 Never show mercy to the enemy. Say good-bey to 向……道別 They said good-bey to each other. Say hello to 打招呼 He said hello to the students. Set an example to樹立榜樣 He set an example to the young. shake hands with握手 They shook hands with each other. take aim at 瞄準(zhǔn) He took careful aim at the other. take the side of 支持，站在一邊 They took the side on the government. throw light on 闡明，使人明白 His explanation threw light on the poem. take pride in 因……而自豪 She took pride in her success. take part in 參加 They took an active part in sports. take delight in 以……為樂 He tood great delight in travel. take a message for捎個口信 Please take a message for her. 四、動詞 + 副詞 + 介詞 短語 例句 Add up to 總計(jì)為 The income adds up to 1000 dollars. break away from 改掉，與……脫離關(guān)系 he has broken away from the bad habit. be up to應(yīng)由……，輪到…… It is up to her to answer the question. Cut down on 削減 He has cut down on expese. catch up with 趕上 I can catchup with them. beat down on 直射 The sun beats down on the earth. come up to達(dá)到(標(biāo)準(zhǔn))比得上 The result didn’t come up to our expectations. Com up against 遭到(反對、困難) The plan came up with them. do well in在……做得好 He does well in the work. drop in on 順便來訪 He drops in on us sometimes. do away with 廢除 They have done away with the old law. face up to面對，承擔(dān) We must face up to the fact. Fit in with 適合，符合 The clothes fit in with her. fall back on 依靠 He has a good friend to fall back on. Get through with 完成，花光 They have got through with the work. Get down to 開始認(rèn)真做 Let’s get down to business. Get on(along)with 進(jìn)展，相處 He got on well with people here. Get out of 從……出來，擺脫 He got out of debt. go on with 繼續(xù) They went on with the meeting. go ahead of 先行 He went ahead of them. go back of 背信，背棄 He went back on his promise. Got out of從……出來 A rabbit went out of the hole. go in for參加，愛好 He has gone in for the long jump. grow out of 產(chǎn)生自 The tall tree grows out of a small seed. go ahead with進(jìn)行，繼續(xù)下去 He went ahead with the work and got it done. keep up with 跟上 She can’t keep up with others. live up to 不辜負(fù) We shall live up to his teachings. look out for 提防，照看 Look out for cars when crossing the street. look up to尊敬，仰望 They all looked up to him as their leader. look back upon 回顧 He likes to look back upon his school days. look down upon不輕視，重視 Don’t look down upon him. look forward to 盼望 Don’t look down upon him. Put up with 忍受，容忍 I just can’t put up with that kind of man. Run up against 遇到 We often run up against new words. Ran out of 用完 I have run out of ink. think higlly of 高度評價 They think highly of his new novel. watch out for 當(dāng)心，提防 Watch out for thieves in the street. work hard at 努力于 He works hard at his lessons. 五、動詞 + 介詞 短語 例句 arrive at a conclnsion得出結(jié)論 They arrived at a conclusion at last. burst into pieces 成為碎片 The glass has burst into pieces. burst into tears 突然大哭 She burst into tears at the news. burst into laughter突然大笑 The girls burst into laughter. come to sb’s help (aid)前來援助某人 Some boys came to her help. come to the rescue前來營救 The firemen came to the rescue. come into use開始使用，實(shí)施 The new tool come into use two years ago. come into power當(dāng)權(quán)，執(zhí)政 The king came into power last year. come into effect開始生效 The new rule will come into effect soon. come into being產(chǎn)生，建立 The custom came into being long long ago. come into light發(fā)亮 The star came into light at dawn. come to conclusion得出結(jié)論 They will come to a conclusion. do up one’s hair梳理頭發(fā) She is doing up her hair. Fly into a temper耍脾氣 He flew into a tempr at her words. Get into trouble陷入麻煩 He has got into trouble in business. Get in a word插話 Don’t get in a word. help sb. to one’s feet幫助某人站起來 They helped her to her feet. make up one’s mind下決心 He has made up his mind to do it. play away one’s time虛度光陰 The man played away his time. plunge into sorrow使陷入悲傷 He was plunged into deelp sorrow. Put sth. to use使用，利用 You should put the dictionary to a good use. Set to work開始工作 They set to work after a rest. take on a new look呈現(xiàn)新面貌 The town has taken on a new look. 【錦囊妙計(jì)，戰(zhàn)勝自我】 1.動詞及動詞短語幾乎年年必考，所涉及到的動詞知識都是常用，的常見的。 2.平時要進(jìn)行大量的閱讀，在閱讀中去理解動語短語 get,come,look put,turn,take,send set,carry,call,