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Section Ⅳ Grammar & Writing,過去分詞作定語和表語,Ⅰ.用括號中所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1．The ____________ (steal)bike was ____________(find) by the police yesterday. 2．The student ____________(dress) in white is my daughter. 3．The novel ____________(write) by him is very popular with the students.,stolen,found,dressed,written,4．The electric wire is __________(break)． 5．He became ____________(discourage) at the failure of the exam. 6．He is an ____________ (honour) teacher and we all like to attend his class. 7．The ______________(pollute) river should be protected from pollution.,broken,discouraged,honoured,polluted,8．The building ____________(build) now is our classroom building. 9．When we heard of the news，we were deeply ____________(move)． 10．They were ____________(frighten) to hear the ____________(frighten) sound.,being built,moved,frightened,frightening,Ⅱ.單項填空 1．(2011·高考大綱全國卷)The island，________ to the mainland by a bridge，is easy to go to. A．joining B．to join C．joined D．having joined,解析：選C。句意：一座橋把這個島嶼與大陸連接起來，這個島嶼很容易過去。the island與join之間是動賓關(guān)系，故用過去分詞joined形式表示被動和完成的意義。,2．(2011·高考上海卷)The rare fish，________ from the cooking pot，has been returned to the sea. A．saved B．saving C．to be saved D．having saved 解析：選A。句意：從烹飪鍋中救出的珍稀魚已經(jīng)被放回到了海里。fish與save之間是動賓關(guān)系，故用過去分詞saved作后置定語。,3．(2011·高考福建卷)Tsinghua University，________ in 1911，is home to a great number of outstanding figures. A．found B．founding C．founded D．to be founded,解析：選C。句意：于1911年創(chuàng)立的清華大學(xué)培育出了很多杰出而優(yōu)秀的人物。university與found之間是動賓關(guān)系，故用其過去分詞形式作后置定語，表示被動和完成的意義。,4．(2011·高考湖南卷)The players________from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game. A．selecting B．to select C．selected D．having selected,解析：選C。句意：預(yù)計從全國挑選出來的隊員在今年夏天的比賽中會給我們帶來榮譽。players與select之間是動賓關(guān)系，故用其過去分詞形式作后置定語，表示被動和完成的意義。,5．(2010·高考福建卷)In April，thousands of holidaymakers remained ________abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud. A．sticking B．stuck C．to be stuck D．to have stuck 解析：選B。句意：在四月份，成千上萬的度假者因為火山灰云而滯留在國外。remain是系動詞表示“維持”之意，故此處用stuck表示“被動和完成”的狀態(tài)。,6．(2010·高考大綱全國卷Ⅰ)Mrs.White showed her students some old maps ________ from the library. A．to borrow B．to be borrowed C．borrowed D．borrowing 解析：選C。句意：懷特太太給她的學(xué)生看一些從圖書館里借來的舊地圖。maps與borrow之間是動賓關(guān)系，故用過去分詞borrowed的形式，表示被動和完成。,7．(2010·高考北京卷)I’m calling to enquire about the position ________in yesterday’s China Daily. A．a(chǎn)dvertised B．to be advertised C．a(chǎn)dvertising D．having advertised,解析：選A。句意：我打電話的目的是詢問一下刊登在昨日的《中國日報》上的職位的問題。考查了動詞的過去分詞表示被動和完成意義的用法；position與advertise之間是動賓關(guān)系，故用advertised的形式作后置定語。,8．As a journalist you should first decide what events ________ before you make some interviews. A．reported B．to report C．to be reported D．reporting,解析：選B。句意：作為記者，在采訪之前應(yīng)首先決定報道什么事。此處應(yīng)用不定式作后置定語，與其修飾的events存在動詞賓語關(guān)系。,9．(2010·高考四川卷)A great number of students ________said they were forced to practise the piano. A．to question B．to be questioned C．questioned D．questioning,解析：選C。句意：很多受到調(diào)查的學(xué)生說他們是被迫練習(xí)鋼琴的?？疾榱藙釉~的過去分詞形式作后置定語的用法，表示被動和完成；students與question之間是動賓關(guān)系，故用questioned的形式。,10．(2010·高考湖南卷)So far nobody has claimed the money ________in the library. A．discovered B．to be discovered C．discovering D．having discovered 解析：選A。句意：到目前為止，沒有人認(rèn)領(lǐng)在圖書館中發(fā)現(xiàn)的那筆錢?？疾榱藙釉~的過去分詞形式作后置定語的用法，表示被動和完成。,11．For breakfast he only drinks juice from fresh fruit ________ on his own farm. A．grown B．being grown C．to be grown D．to grow 解析：選A。句意：對于早餐來說，他只喝種植在自己的農(nóng)場里的新鮮水果榨來的果汁。考查過去分詞短語作后置定語修飾fruit的用法。fruit和grow之間是被動關(guān)系，故此處應(yīng)該用過去分詞形式修飾fruit。,12．With the government’s aid，those ________ by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements. A．a(chǎn)ffect B．a(chǎn)ffecting C．a(chǎn)ffected D．were affected,解析：選C。句意：在政府的幫助下，那些受到地震災(zāi)害影響的人們搬到了新的居住地。those與affect之間是動賓關(guān)系，故用過去分詞affected作后置定語修飾those。,13．Ladies and gentlemen，please remain ________ until the plane has come to a complete stop. A．seated B．seating C．to seat D．seat,解析：選A。句意：女士們先生們，請坐好直到飛機完全停下為止。seat是及物動詞，與ladies and gentlemen之間是動賓關(guān)系，故用動詞的過去分詞形式作remain的表語。,14．The book ________ in his letter is mainly about English literature. A．refer to B．referred to C．referring to D．which refers to 解析：選B。句意：他的信件中提到的這本書主要是關(guān)于英語文學(xué)方面。refer to與the book之間是動賓關(guān)系，故用過去分詞作后置定語，修飾the book，表示“被提到的書”。,15．Shanghai，________ the west coast of the Pacific Ocean，is well known for its“the Oriental Pearl”． A．locating B．located at C．located on D．locating on 解析：選C。句意：位于太平洋西海岸的上海，以東方之珠而著稱。locate常用作及物動詞，與Shanghai之間是動賓關(guān)系，故用located作后置定語。,Write a report on your debate (辯論報告的寫作) 寫作要求 對于學(xué)生該不該上早自習(xí)，人們存在不同的觀點，有人贊成，有人反對，談?wù)勀銓@個問題的看法，詞數(shù)120左右。標(biāo)題自擬。,審題謀篇 1．?dāng)M好題目，可用Should students get up early to study？或Students should get up early to study。,2．本文可分為三段來寫，第一段點明主題，列舉反方的觀點及理由，第二段列舉正方觀點及理由，第三段發(fā)表自己的觀點。 3．使用一般現(xiàn)在時。,寫作要點 1．人們對此有不同的看法。 ①People ______________________________this. ② Opinions about this vary ____________________________. ③____________________________ about this.,have different ideas about,from person to person,There are different ideas,2．早起對學(xué)生沒有好處。 ① ____________________ students to get up early. ② ____________________ students to get up early. ③ Getting up early often ____________________students.,It is no good for,It is of no benefit for,does harm to,3．在課堂上他們不能集中精力聽老師講課。 ①They can’t _________________________what the teacher is saying in class. ②They can’t _________________________________what the teacher is saying in class. ③They can’t ___________________what the teacher is saying in class.,focus their attention on,concentrate their attention on,be absorbed in,4．就我個人而言，學(xué)生應(yīng)該早起學(xué)習(xí)是因為早晨是學(xué)習(xí)的黃金時間。 ①_________________________________，students should get up early to study because morning is the golden time for learning. ②____________________，why students should get up early to study _________morning is the golden time for learning.,As (so) far as I’m concerned,In my opinion,is that,③_____________________，because morning is the golden time ________________，students should get up early to study.,In terms of me,for learning,佳作欣賞 Students should get up early to study ①Should students study by themselves in the early morning？People have different ideas about this. ②Some hold the view that it_is no good for students to get up so early because they will feel tired for lack of sleep.,③If so，they can’t focus their attention on what the teacher is saying in class.④What’s more，being tired，they can’t study efficiently. ⑤But others argue that getting up early can strengthen students’ determination and will.,⑥If they don’t need to get up early to have a lesson，they will become lazy easily and it is not good for them to form the good habit of studying. ⑦As far as I’m concerned，students should get up early to study because morning is the golden time for learning.⑧So we should encourage students to form the good habit of self-study in the morning.,名師點津 【美文點津】 ①以疑問句開始全文，引人思考。 ②此句中that引導(dǎo)的從句作view的同位語，because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句；在that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句中，it是形式主語，代替后面的動詞不定式短語。,③省略條件狀語從句if so的使用使得句式簡潔，what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句作介詞on的賓語，同時，what在賓語從句中作saying的賓語。 ④插入語what’s more的使用，使得上下文語氣連貫；being tired是現(xiàn)在分詞短語，在句中作原因狀語。高級詞匯efficiently的使用，體現(xiàn)了作者詞匯量的豐富。,⑤that引導(dǎo)的從句作argue的賓語；同時句中使用了動名詞短語getting up 作主語；高級詞匯determination的使用，為文章增色不少。 ⑥句中使用了if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句；It作形式主語，代替后面的動詞不定式to form the good habit of studying。,⑦句中使用了as far as sb.be concerned的句式，表示“就……而言”之意；同時，句中使用了because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句。 ⑧連詞so的使用，使得上下文過渡自然，語氣連貫。同時，句中使用了encourage sb.to do表示“鼓勵某人干某事”之意。,【類文點津】 一、辯論報告的文體、時態(tài)及結(jié)構(gòu) 1．文體：班級辯論報告在文體上屬于議論文，寫作時要符合議論文的特點。要注意論點和論據(jù)之間的邏輯性以及不同論據(jù)之間的層次性。 2．時態(tài)：辯論報告在一般情況下應(yīng)使用一般現(xiàn)在時。,3．結(jié)構(gòu)：辯論報告在結(jié)構(gòu)上一般分為四部分。第一部分要開門見山，點明辯論的主題以及參與者。第二部分列舉正方觀點及其理由。第三部分列舉反方觀點及其理由。第四部分得出結(jié)論或發(fā)表自己的見解、觀點。,二、常用相關(guān)句型 1．開篇常用句式： We had a heated discussion about Opinions about.are divided/different.Opinions vary from person to person. Different people have different opinions/views/ideas.Every coin has two sides.,2．表達觀點常用句式 (1)表示贊同的常用句式 Some/Others think/believe/argue that Some are in favor of Most of them support it. 40%of the students are for it. Those who are in favor of.claim that.,(2)表示反對的常用句式 Others are against. Some object to. Half of them hold a different view/opinion.Those who are opposed to.hold that.,(3)表達自己觀點的常用句式 In my opinion/view，/Personally，.As/So far as I’m concerned，. As for me，. From my personal angle alone，. From my personal point of view，.,3．列舉理由的常用句式 FirstlySecondlyThirdlyFor one thing.；for another In the first place.，SecondlyLast but not least.,同學(xué)們,來學(xué)校和回家的路上要注意安全,同學(xué)們,來學(xué)校和回家的路上要注意安全,