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111 Unit 4 Earthquakes 1.shake vi. & vt. (1)My hands shook during the exam. vi. 搖動(dòng)，搖撼，顫抖 (2)The earthquake shook the lights. vt.使搖動(dòng) (3)vt.使受震撼，使（信念等）動(dòng)搖 be shaken by/with/at 辨析： 易混詞 辨析 例句 tremble 指人因感情激動(dòng)、寒冷、懼怕等引起的身體顫動(dòng)。 The boy trembled with fear. shake 作“顫抖”講時(shí)與tremble同義。它還有“握手，搖頭或捧腹大笑”的意思。 The earthquake shook the lights. 2.right away “立刻，馬上”的表達(dá)方式：right away, without delay, right now, straight away, at once, in no time, immediately 3.well -- You don’t look very ____. Are you ill? -- No, I’m just a bit tired. A. good B. well C. strong D. healthy (1)adj.健康的 (2)n.井，水井；油井；氣井 (3)adv.熟練地，有效地，令人滿意地；很，非常 very/rather/fairly/quite/pretty well 4.too…to… 具有否定意義，常用not…enough to…和so…that…句型結(jié)構(gòu)改寫(xiě)。 I am too old to understand the cartoon. =I am not young enough to understand the cartoon. =I am so old that I can’t understand the cartoon. (1)e.g. I’m only too delighted to be here. 當(dāng)too前有副詞far, much, but, only等詞修飾時(shí)，此結(jié)構(gòu)沒(méi)有否定意義，而表示肯定，意為“非常，十分……”，too后的形容詞多是表示某種心情的，如happy, pleased, willing, thankful, anxious, eager, delighted等。 (2)e.g. It’s never too late to learn. 當(dāng)too前有否定詞時(shí)，此結(jié)構(gòu)表示肯定。 (3)too+ adj. +for sb./sth. 表示“太……，不適合……” 5.burst burst forth突然出現(xiàn) burst into突然闖入 burst out冒出 burst upon突然展現(xiàn) burst open突然開(kāi)了 6.event 事件，大事；項(xiàng)目，賽事 all the events/in any event無(wú)論如何 in the event結(jié)果，到頭來(lái) after the event事后 in the event that/of…倘若，萬(wàn)一 in that event/in that case如果那樣的話 辨析： 易混詞 辨析 例句 accident 意外事故。 car accident incident 附帶的小事件，事端；政變。 July 7th incident event 重大的事件。 What were the chief events of last year? 7.directly (1)adv.徑直地；坦率地；直接地；立刻 e.g. The bus goes directly to HK. (2)conj.一……就……引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句 Directly he went out he was caught. 8.ruin in ruins 嚴(yán)重受損 fall into ruins成為廢墟 ruin＞destroy＞damage 9.extreme (1)adj.極度的，嚴(yán)重的；極端的，偏激的；過(guò)分的 extreme weather conditions極端惡劣的天氣狀況 extreme sports極限運(yùn)動(dòng) (2)n.[C]極端不同的感情（情況或行為方式）；完全相反的事物 [U]極端，極度，極限 extremes of cold, wind or rain嚴(yán)寒、狂風(fēng)、驟雨 take sth. to extremes采取極端行為 10.injure受傷，傷害 辨析： 易混詞 辨析 例句 hurt 普通用語(yǔ)，既可指肉體，也可指精神、感情 I don’t want to hurt you. injure 健康、成就、容貌，強(qiáng)調(diào)功能的喪失 A bullet injured his left leg. wound 槍傷、刀傷、刺傷等皮肉之傷，尤指戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上所受的傷 The soldier was wounded badly. harm 傷害有生命的東西，常指?jìng)叭说慕】?、?quán)利、事業(yè)等 Smoking seriously harmed his health. 11.cover (1)蓋，覆蓋，掩蓋 e.g. I covered the novel with my English book. The novel was covered with my English book. cover sth. with sth.用某物蓋某物（表動(dòng)作） be covered with被……蓋著（表狀態(tài)） (2)占有（多少面積）；包含，包括 Our orchards cover an area of 1000 mu. (3)報(bào)道 CCTV covered the whole game. (4)走完（一段路程） The Red Army covered 25,000 li during the Long March. (5)掩護(hù) 12.trap vt. & n. be trapped in困在……中，陷在……中 trap sb. into doing sth.陷害（誘騙）某人做某事 13.wonder (1)對(duì)（某事）感到驚訝，不能相信 wonder +about/at/to do/that-clause e.g. Sometimes I wonder about their behavior. (2)對(duì)（某事）感到疑惑；想要知道 wonder +if/whether/wh- + to do/wh- 從句 (3)驚嘆，驚奇，詫異 I am filled with wonder. (4)奇觀，奇才 The Great Wall of China is one of the wonders in the world. 14.dig dig out挖出，翻找出 dig up翻挖；找出，查明 dig into深入鉆研；挖掘 dig at鉆研；挖苦（嘲笑） dig through挖通 15.bury e.g. I bury myself in puzzling games. bury oneself in= be buried in埋頭于……，專心于…… 16.shelter (1)庇護(hù)所，避難所；遮蔽物 (2)庇護(hù)，遮蔽，掩蔽 e.g. Their immediate need is for food, clothing and shelter. (3)提供庇護(hù)（所） e.g. The wooden house sheltered us from the wind. take shelter from躲避…… run for shelter找躲避處 shelter sb./sth. from庇護(hù)某人、某物以免…… under the shelter of在……庇護(hù)下，受……的保護(hù) 17.breathe 呼吸；低聲說(shuō) e.g. “I’m here,” she breathed. 18.while conj. (1)引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“當(dāng)……時(shí)候”“在……期間” (2)引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“與……同時(shí)” e.g. You may go singing while I am doing my homework. (3)引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“雖然”“盡管” ____ the Internet is of great help, I don’t think it’s a good idea to spend too much time on it. A. If B. While C. Because D. As (4)用作并列連詞，表示前后兩個(gè)分居之間的對(duì)比，意為“然而” 辨析： 易混詞 辨析 例句 while 作“當(dāng)……時(shí)候”講時(shí)，只能與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用。 While he was reading, he fell asleep. when 作“當(dāng)……時(shí)候”講時(shí)，既可與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用也可與瞬間動(dòng)詞連用。 When mom came in, I was reading the novel. When I was sleeping, a thief broke in. as 強(qiáng)調(diào)主從據(jù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行，意為“一邊……一邊……”。它還有“隨著……”的意思。 I looked behind from time to time as I walked. As time went by, I became more and more nervous. 19.title (1)n.[C]標(biāo)題，題目 (2)n.[C]職位名稱；職稱 (3)vt.加標(biāo)題，訂題目 e.g. My book was titled “Windy’s fantasy world”. 20.give give out發(fā)布；用光；精疲力竭；發(fā)出；散發(fā) give away送掉；捐贈(zèng)；表露 give in讓步；屈服，投降；交上 give back返還，歸還；恢復(fù) give off發(fā)出（氣味、光、熱、聲等） give up放棄；戒掉；交出，讓出 21.congratulation (1)congratulation作“賀詞”講或單獨(dú)使用時(shí)常用復(fù)數(shù)形式 (2)表示因某事向某人祝賀時(shí)常用（offer one’s）congratulations to sb. on sth. (3)congratulation用于成功、結(jié)婚、畢業(yè)等個(gè)人性的祝賀，不用于節(jié)日致詞，還可用作抽象意義但不用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 I received many letters of congratulation. congratulate sb. on sth. congratulate oneself on/that暗自慶幸 辨析： 易混詞 辨析 例句 congratulate 意為“祝賀”，為個(gè)人間行為，常用于congratulate sb. on sth.中其名詞形式為congratulation,常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 We congratulated him on his passing the exam. celebrate 意為“慶?！?，后面常接生日、勝利、紀(jì)念日之類的名詞，通常以多人參加的某種形式進(jìn)行。其名詞形式是celebration，意為“慶祝，慶祝會(huì)”，可數(shù)名詞。 Thousands of people attended the celebration of National Day in Tian’anmen Square. 111