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111 選修6　Unit 5　The power of nature 要 點 梳 理 高效梳理·知識備考 ●重點單詞 1．volcano n．火山 2．erupt vi.(指火山)爆發(fā)；突然發(fā)生→eruption n．火山爆發(fā)；(戰(zhàn)爭等)爆發(fā) 3．alongside adv.在旁邊；沿著邊 prep.在……旁邊；沿著……的邊 4．appoint vt.任命；委派→appointment n．約定；任命 5．evaluate vt.評估；評價；估計→evaluation n．評估 6．wave n．波浪；波濤 vi.波動；起伏；揮手 7．absolute adj.絕對的；完全的→absolutely adv.絕對地 8．suit n．一套外衣；套裝；vt.適合；使適宜→suitable adj.合適的 9．potential n．潛在性；可能性；潛能 adj.可能的；潛在的 10．actual adj.實在的；實際的→actually adv.實際地 11．shoot vt.射中；射傷→shot n．射擊；槍炮聲 12．anxious adj.憂慮的；不安的→anxiously adv.不安地→anxiety n．擔心；焦慮；渴望 13．panic vi. & vt.驚慌 n．驚慌；恐慌→panicked(過去式/過去分詞) 14．diverse adj.多種多樣的；不同的→diversity n．多種多樣；多樣性 15．appreciation n．欣賞；感激；感謝→appreciate vt.欣賞；感激 16．guarantee vt.保證；擔保 ●重點短語 1．be compared with...　　與……相比 2．protect...from... 保護……免受……傷害 3．be appointed as 被委派為…… 4．burn to the ground 全部焚毀 5．be about to do sth. 即將做某事；馬上就要做某事 6．make one’s way 前往 7．be anxious about 對……憂慮/不安 8．glance through 匆匆看一遍 9．vary from...to... 由……到……不等 10．give birth to 生產；產生 ●重點句型 1．Having collected and evaluated the information, I help other scientists to predict where lava from the volcano will flow next and how fast.收集和評估這些信息之后，我就幫助其他科學家一起預測熔巖接著將往何處流，流速是多少。 2．I was about to go back to sleep when suddenly my bedroom became as bright as day. 我剛要再睡，突然我的臥室亮如白晝。 3．The other two climbed down into the crater to collect some lava for later study, but this being my first experience,_I stayed at the top and watched them. 另外兩人爬下火山口去收集供日后研究用的巖漿，我是第一次經(jīng)歷這樣的事，所以留在山頂上觀察他們。 4．It is said that this boy, who had a great gift for languages and persuasion, is the father of the Manchu people. 據(jù)說這個男孩就是滿族人的祖先，他具有語言天賦和很強的說服力。 ●高考范文 (2008·北京) 請根據(jù)下面提示，寫一篇短文。詞數(shù)不少于50。 In an English speech competition, you are asked to describe the following picture and explain to the judges how you understand it. _________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ [范文] From the picture I can see a pair of proud compasses and a hardworking pencil. The compasses are big, drawing a circle with ease, while the pencil is small, drawing a line with great effort. I think the compasses are reasonable to be proud because no one else can do the job better. At the same time, however, he should realize the pencil has his own advantages. The pencil can do other shapes better than the compasses, even pictures. So in my opinion, while we are confident in ourselves, we should recognize strengths in others and show due respect for them. 考 點 探 究 互動探究·能力備考 Ⅰ.詞匯短語過關 1．appoint vt.任命；委派 appointment n．任命；約會 appoint sb. to＋職位 任命某人擔任某職位 appoint sb. as...任命某人為…… appoint sb. to do sth.委派某人做某事 appoint a time/place for為……約定時間/地點 make an appointment約會；約定 keep/break an appointment守(失)約 [即學即練1](1)The president __________ a new director. 總經(jīng)理任命了一位新主任。 (2)We __________ him (______/______ ______) chairman. 我們選他擔任主席。 (3)The teacher __________ me ______ ______ the roll. 老師指派我點名。 appointed appointed as to be appointed to call (4)The time ___________ ______ the meeting was 10：30. 規(guī)定的開會時間是10點30分。 (5)I’ve ______ ______ ________ ___________ ______ a client and may not come back for supper. 我和一個客戶約了晚上見面，可能不會回來吃晚飯了。 appointed for made an evening appointment with 2．suit n．一套外衣；套裝 vt.適合；使適宜 suit sth. to sth.使某物適合于另一事物 be suited for/to...適合…… be suitable for sb./sth.適合于某人/某物 be suitable to do sth.適合做某事 [即學即練2](1)Would it ________ you to come at five? 你五點鐘來行嗎？ (2)If you want to go by bus, that ______ me ______. 如果你想坐公共汽車，那對我很方便。 (3)______ the punishment ______ the crime, I say. 喂，要按罪量刑。 suit suits fine Suit to (4)He and his wife ______ ______ ______ ______ each other. 他和妻子十分般配。 (5)The house ______ not really _________ ______ a large family. 這所房子確實不適合大家庭居住。 are well suited to is suitable for 3．anxious adj. 令人擔心的，憂慮的，焦急的 anxiety n. 焦慮；擔心；渴望 be anxious about 為某事憂慮、擔心 be anxious for 渴望某事 be anxious to do 渴望……，急于…… be anxious (for sb.) to do... 渴望(某人)做…… be anxious that 渴望…… [即學即練3](1)Helen ______ ________ ______ travelling on her own. 海倫對自己一個人出門旅行感到擔心。 (2)Peggy ______ ________ ______ ______ that she can cope with extra responsibility. 佩吉急切地想表明她能承擔額外的職責。 (3)Mary has ______ ________ ______ your return. 瑪麗急切地盼你回來。 is anxious about is anxious to show been anxious for 辨析：anxious/eager (1)anxious 強調“擔心”或“焦慮”，對結果感到不安。 (2)eager 強調“對成功的期望”或“進取的熱情”，含有積極向上的意思。 4．panic n. 驚慌，恐慌　vi. 十分恐慌 vt. 使恐慌 (panicked; panicked) be in (a) panic 在驚慌中 be seized with a panic 驚慌失措 a moment of panic 一時驚慌 cause a panic 引起恐慌 in a state of panic 驚恐之狀 panic over sth. 對某事感到驚慌 panic sb. into doing sth. 使某人倉促行動 [即學即練4](1)The crowd ran out ______ ______ ______.群眾驚慌失措地跑出去。 (2)She ______ ______ ______ ______ when her teacher walked towards her. 當她見到老師向她走來時，她變得驚慌失措。 (3)The idea might ______ the investors. 這個想法可能會使投資者惶恐不安。 in a panic got into a panic panic 5．guarantee vt. 保證……免受損失或傷害；確保 n. 保證；保證書 guarantee sb. against/from... 保證某人免受損害、危險等 guarantee to do sth. 保證去做某事 guarantee sth. to sb. 向某人擔保/保證某事 be guaranteed to do sth. 必定做某事 give sb. a guarantee that... 向某人擔?！? (be) under guarantee 在保修期內 [即學即練5](1)We can‘t _________ the punctual arrival of trains in foggy weather. 我們不能保證火車在霧天準時到達。 (2)We _________ ______ ______ within a week. 我們保證一周內送到。 (3)I _________ ______ I’ll pay off the debt. 我保證我會還清債務。 guarantee guarantee to deliver that guarantee (4)The watch comes ______ ______ ________ __________. 這表保修一年。 (5)Wealth is ______ __________ ______ happiness. 財富并不是幸福的保證。 with a year’s guarantee no guarantee of 6．burn...to the ground 全部焚毀…… burn down 把……燒成平地，燒光；漸漸燒完，火力減弱 burn up 燒起來，旺起來；燒盡，燒毀 burn off 燒掉某物 burn out 燒光，燒完 burn away 逐漸燒完；燒光，燒毀 burn...to death 燒死 [即學即練6](1)The house was ______ ______ ______ ______.那所房子被徹底焚毀了。 (2)This exercise helps you to ______ ______ fat and tone muscles.這項鍛煉有助于消耗脂肪，使肌肉強健。 (3)Half the candle had ______ ______. 那根蠟燭燒掉了一半。 burnt to the ground burn off burnt away 7．vary from...to... 由……到……情況不等 vary in 在某方面不同 vary from 不同于 vary with 隨……變化 vary one‘s life 使生活豐富多彩 a variety of 不同種類的 [即學即練7](1)People vary very much ______ their ideas.人們在觀念方面大不相同。 (2)They never vary ______ the law of nature. 他們從不違反自然規(guī)律。 (3)The color of the leaves varies ______ weather. 葉子的顏色隨著天氣而變化。 (4)These apples vary ______ size ______ small ______ medium.這些蘋果由小到中等大小不等。 in from with in from to 8．make one‘s way 一路前進，向前 feel one’s way 摸索著前行 fight/push one‘s way 推擠著前行 wind one’s way 蜿蜒向前 force one‘s way out 擠出去；沖出去 push one’s way in 擠進去 lose one‘s way 迷路 inch one’s way 緩慢前進 pick one‘s way 謹慎前進 find one’s way 找到出路 weave one‘s way 穿梭前進 [即學即練8](1)We ______ ______ ______ down the hill towards the town.我們順著山坡往下朝城里行進。 (2)Gradually, Henderson began to ______ ______ ______ in politics.亨德森逐漸在政界有所建樹。 (3)We ______ ______ ______ in the forest. 我們在森林里迷了路。 made our way make his way lost our way Ⅱ.重點句型詳解 1．I was_about_to_go back to sleep when suddenly my bedroom became as bright as day. 我剛要睡，突然我的臥室亮如白晝。 be about to do sth. when... 正要干……這時…… ①I was about to go out when the telephone rang. 我正要出門，這時電話鈴響了。 ②The meeting was about to be held when it began to rain. 會議正要開始，這時開始下雨了。 拓展：表示將要發(fā)生的動作，除了用一般將來時外，還有以下常見的結構和時態(tài)： (1)be about to do 表示“即將(正要)做某事”，句中不再加時間狀語，相當于 be on the point of doing sth.。 (2)be going to do 表示事先經(jīng)過考慮、打算去做某事或有明顯的跡象要發(fā)生某事，它可用于條件狀語從句中表示將來，而 shall/will 則不行。shall/will 可表示臨時作出決定。 (3)be to do表示職責、義務、意圖、約定、可能性或注定要發(fā)生的動作。 (4)英語中 begin, come, go, leave, sail, start, arrive, return, end, open, close 等表示一個預計將要發(fā)生的動作或情況，可用一般現(xiàn)在時表將來。這一動作時間比較固定，基本已成為規(guī)律。 (5)英語中 go, come, begin, start, leave, arrive, return, take off 等動詞(詞組)可用現(xiàn)在進行時代替將來時，表示一個預計將要發(fā)生的動作，這種用法要帶一個表示將來的時間狀語。 [即境活用1]　We were ______ to go out for camping ______ it began to rain. A．hardly; than　　　　　B．around; as C．about; when D．nearly; while 解析：be about to...when... “正準備……這時……”，when作“這時”講，它起并列連詞的作用，連接兩個并列的分句。 答案：C 2．The other two climbed down into the crater to collect some lava for later study, but this_being_my_first_experience,_I stayed at the top and watched them.另外兩人爬下火山口去收集供日后研究用的巖漿，我是第一次經(jīng)歷這樣的事，所以留在山頂上觀察他們。 句中this being...是獨立主格結構。 獨立主格結構由“名詞/代詞＋形容詞/副詞/現(xiàn)在分詞/過去分詞/不定式/介詞短語/名詞/數(shù)詞”構成，在句中可做條件狀語、時間狀語、原因狀語、伴隨狀語等。 ①I heard that she got injured in the accident, my heart full of worry.(表示結果) 聽說她在這場事故中受了傷，我內心充滿了擔憂。 ②The rain having stopped, he went out for a walk. 雨停了，他出去散步。(表示原因) ③More time given, we should have done it much better. 如果給我們更多的時間，我們會做得更好。(表示條件) ④The huntsman entered the forest, gun in hand. 那位獵人手里提著槍走進了森林。(表示補充說明) ⑤Hundreds of people went out of the cinema, some in pairs, others alone. 成百上千的人走出電影院，有的結伴而行，有的獨自出來。(表示方式) 提示：(1)獨立主格結構一般用逗號同句子其余部分分開。 (2)表示虛義的邏輯主語 it有時可以省略不寫。 (3)there be結構的獨立主格結構是：there being＋n.。 ①(It) Being Sunday, there are no students in the school. 因為是星期天，學校里沒有學生。 ②There being another chance, he will try his best. 假如再有一次機會，他會盡力而為。 [即境活用2]　(2007·山東)The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent ______ at the end of last March. A．has been launched B．having been launched C．being launched D．to be launched 解析：句中沒有連接詞，故不能用謂語動詞；the most recent having been launched 為獨立主格結構，由 at the end of last March 可知應用完成式。 答案：B 3．It_is_said_that this boy, who had a great gift for languages and persuasion, is the father of the Manchu people. 據(jù)說這個男孩子就是滿族人的祖先，他具有語言天賦和很強的說服力。 It is said that... 據(jù)說…… It is reported that... 據(jù)報道…… It is believed that... 人們認為…… (1)以上結構中 it是形式主語，它所代替的是后面的 that引導的主語從句。以上結構均可轉化為“主語＋be＋過去分詞＋不定式”結構，其中不定式根據(jù)需要有時態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化。如： It is said that he has gone abroad. ＝He is said to have gone abroad. 據(jù)說他出國了。 (2)有時以上結構還可轉化為：“as＋be＋v.ed，主句”結構，或者“what＋be＋v.ed＋is＋that從句”結構。如： It is known to all that China is a country with a long history. ＝As is known to all, China is a country with a long history. ＝What is known to all is that China is a country with a long history. 眾所周知，中國是一個歷史悠久的國家。 [即境活用3]　(2007·重慶)Leonardo da Vinci (1452－1519) ______ birds kept in cages in order to have the pleasure of setting them free. A．is said to be buying B．is said to have bought C．had said to buy D．has said to have bought 解析：考查 be said to do sth.這一結構。不定式動作發(fā)生在 be said 之前，所以要用不定式的完成式，所以答案為B。 答案：B 易 錯 點 撥 自我完善·誤區(qū)備考 1. fit/suit/match (1)fit多指衣服等尺寸、大小合身，合適。 (2)suit指衣服等顏色、款式、花樣等適合。也指事物合乎需要、口味、性格、條件、地位、場合等。 (3)match意為“使相稱，使相配，使匹配”，指事物在大小、色調、性質等方面的搭配。 1. [應用1]　(1)Her clothes don’t ________ her age. 她的服裝和年齡不相配。 (2)The seven o’clock train will ______ us well. 七點鐘那一班火車對我們很合適。 (3)I tried the dress on but it didn’t ______. It was too small.我試穿了那件連衣裙，但不合身。它太小了。 (4)Does this skirt ______ me? 這條裙子我穿著好看嗎？ match suit fit suit 2. 獨立主格結構的用法 [應用2]　(1)The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons ______ for the day. A．finishing B．finished C．had finished D．were finished 解析：本題考查名詞的獨立主格結構。名詞短語their lessons和動詞finish之間是被動完成關系，故用過去分詞finished。 答案：B (2)－Wow! It snowed last night. What a nice world! －You’re right. But it’s more difficult to find my missing keys with snow ______ the ground. A．covered B．cover C．to cover D．covering 解析：本題考查with復合結構做賓補的非謂語動詞形式。snow和cover在邏輯上是主謂關系，因此此處用現(xiàn)在分詞。 答案：D (3)He ran after the dog, ______. A．stick in his hand B．stick in hand C．a stick in his hand D．having a stick in hand 解析：由“名詞＋介詞短語”構成的獨立主格結構中，當介詞是in時，其前后的兩個名詞均不加任何成分(物主代詞或冠詞)，但with的復合結構不受此限制。C項中缺少with，故可排除。B項是獨立主格結構做伴隨狀語。 答案：B (4)The boys were happily making a snowman, ______ with cold. A．their faces red B．their faces were red C．their faces turned red D．their faces to be red 解析：本題考查由“名詞＋形容詞”構成的獨立主格結構做伴隨狀語。 答案：A (5)He was so tired that he fell asleep quickly, the light over his bed ______. A．burn B．went on C．lighted D．on 解析：考查“名詞＋副詞”構成的獨立主格結構做伴隨狀語。選項中，on為副詞，表示“已連接，處于工作狀態(tài)或使用中”。因此，此處應選D做伴隨狀語。 答案：D 高 效 作 業(yè) 自我測評·技能備考 Ⅰ.單詞拼寫 1．The match had to be c______________ because of the bad weather. 2．My time is p____________； I can only give you a few minutes. 3．She recognized the p__________ for error in the method being used. 4．I think it’s an a____________ mistake the way they treat that child. cancelled　 precious potential absolute 5．The f___________ of Rome are famed for their architectural beauty. 6．It's __________ (保證) to rain when you want to go out. 7．The car drew up ___________(在……旁) the pub. 8．The area is flooded, as frequently happens during the ___________ (臺風)． 9．After a long journey in this hot weather, I was ____________ (出汗) all over. fountains　 guaranteed alongside typhoon sweating 10．She __________ (顫抖) to think what might have happened to him. trembled Ⅱ .單項選擇 1．—People should spare no effort to protect the environment. —______ Air pollution, as is known to all, does harm to our health. A．All right. B．Why not? C．Go ahead. D．Absolutely. 答案：D 解析：考查口語答語。由句意知應選D。“當然，對極了”，表示同意前者的觀點。 2．—Can you imagine a volcano ______ suddenly before you? —Oh, it must be terrible! A．erupted B．erupting C．being erupted D．to be erupted 答案：B 解析：imagine 后接動名詞的復合結構做賓語。 3．(2010·襄樊五中)－Shall I sit at this end of the boat or the other end? －If you keep still, you can sit at ______ end. A．neither B．each C．either D．any 答案：C 解析：either表示兩者選一；each表示三者或三者以上的每一個；neither表示兩者都不；any表示任何一個。 4．You can do it if you want to, but in my opinion it's not worth the ______ it involves. A．effort B．attempt C．trial D．strength 答案：A 解析：effort “努力”。句意：“你要做的話你就去做，但是我認為你為此付出的努力是不值得的。” 5．Hearing a man following her, she ______ and ran as fast as she could. A．feared B．panicked C．afraid D．frightened 答案：B 解析：panic 可用做不及物動詞，表示“恐慌”。fear vt. 害怕；C項構成 be afraid of “害怕”；D項 frighten “使害怕”或 be frightened at “害怕……”。 6．Try not to start every sentence with “the”. ______ the beginnings of your sentences. A．Vary B．Decorate C．Form D．Describe 答案：A 解析：vary “變更，改變”；decorate “裝飾，修飾”；form “形成，養(yǎng)成”；describe “描述”。 7．It is all agreed that a good education doesn't ______ a good job. A．guarantee B．result C．promise D．permit 答案：A 解析：句意為：大家一致認為良好的教育并不確保能得到一份好工作。 8．The ancient church was almost ______ before the firefighters managed to control the big fire. A．burned down B．burned at C．burned off D．burning up 答案：A 解析：從題意看“教堂幾乎被燒毀”，可用 burn down或 burn up 表示此意。但D.burning up 語態(tài)不對。只有A適合題意。 9．(2010·上海春招)______ as an Olympic event, a sport must be played in at least 75 countries on at least 4 continents. A．To accept B．Having accepted C．To be accepted D．Accepting 答案：C 解析：考查非謂語動詞。語意：一項運動項目要想被認可為奧運項目，必須至少在四個大洲75個以上的國家開展過。動詞accept的邏輯主語是a sport，它們之間為動賓關系，此處不定式to be accepted表示目的，符合語意。 10．I called the airline to ______ my flight reservation a week before I left for Canada. A．appoint B．obtain C．confirm D．admit 答案：C 解析：考查動詞詞義辨析。由句意可知，我提前一周給航空公司打電話的目的是想確定一下我動身去加拿大的航班預訂。appoint任命；obtain得到；admit承認；confirm確定。根據(jù)句意應選C。 11．______ was most important to her, she told me, was whether she could be admitted to a key university the next year. A．It B．This C．As D．What 答案：D 解析：句意：她告訴我對她來說最重要的是她下一年能否被重點大學錄取。what引導主語從句并在從句中做主語，其他三項無此功能。 12．(2010·北京海淀期末)Nearly half a million people are believed ______ their homes as a result of the disaster. A．to leave B．to be left C．to be leaving D．to have left 答案：D 解析：考查非謂語動詞。語意：人們認為有近50萬人由于災害而離開了他們的家園。leave這個動作發(fā)生在are believed之前，因此非謂語動詞應該用完成式，據(jù)此這里選D項。 13．He was about to tell me the secret ______ someone patted him on the shoulder. A．as B．until C．while D．when 答案：D 解析：考查 be about to do...when... “正要做某事的時候……”。 14．As is well known, the Dragon Boat Festival and the custom of eating rice dumplings are ______ to us Chinese. A．typical B．unique C．alone D．special 答案：B 解析：unique “獨特的，是……特有的”。typical “典型的”，搭配 of; alone 獨自的；special 特別的，專門的。 15．______and no way to reduce her pain and suffering from the terrible disease, the patient sought her doctor's help to end her life. A．Having given up hope of cure B．With no hope for cure C．There being hope for cure D．In the hope of cure 答案：B 解析：本題考查獨立主格結構。 A、D兩項的結構放在原句中不合適，故首先排除；由句意“病人讓醫(yī)生幫助她結束她的生命”，可以判斷出此處是對治愈沒有希望，所以C也不對。 Ⅲ .閱讀理解 A BINGHAM REGIONAL COLLEGE International Students' Orientation Programme What is it? It is a course which will introduce you to the College and to Bingham. It takes place in the week before term starts, from 24th—28th September, but you should plan to arrive in Bingham on the 22nd or 23rd September. Why do we think it is important? We want you to have the best possible start to your studies and you need to find out about all the opportunities that college life offers. It will enable you to get to know the college, its facilities and services. You will also have a chance to meet staff and students. How much will it cost? －International students(Non－European Union students) For those students who do not come from European Union(EU) countries, and who are not used to European culture and customs, the programme is very important and you are strongly advised to attend. Becaust of this, the cost of the programme, without accommodation(食宿), is built into your tuition fees. － EU Students EU students are welcome to take part in this programme without accommodation for ￡195. －Accommodation costs(international and EU students) The cost of accommodation for one week is ￡165. If you have booked accommodation for the year ahead (41 weeks) through the college, you do not have to pay extra for accommodation. You can ask us to pre－book accommodation for you one week only in a hotel with other International students. What is included during the programme? Meals: Lunch and an evening meal are provided as part of the programme. Please note that breakfast is not available. Information: including such topics as accommodation, health, religious matters, study skills, and other necessary information. Social activities: including a welcome party and a half day trip round Bingham. 1．Who are encouraged to attend the course according to the programme? A．Those who are not familiar with their future college. B．Those who are less prepared for their examination. C．Those who want to improve their social lives. D．Those who want to make up their missed lessons. 答案：A 2．It is better for Non－European Union students to take part in the programme because ______. A．they don't have to pay for the course B．they can finish the programme in a shorter time C．it offers them opportunities to know more about European culture D．it is very easy for them to be accepted by the natives in Bingham 3．If a student plans to take the course, he has to arrive in Bingham at least ______ days in advance before term starts. A．2 B．4 C．1 D．6 4．Which of the following might NOT be included in the program? A．Learning how to study in the college. B．Looking for a part－time job in the neighborhood. C．Traveling around Bingham. D．Understanding some taboo(禁忌) in European society. B Want to be a volunteer for the Beijing Olympics in 2008? Recently, the recruiting started. The recruiting of Beijing Olympics Volunteer starts from Aug. 28, 2006 to the end of March 2008. Stage 1: Beijing Volunteers From August 28, 2006, the program opens to applicants in Beijing (and Beijing only). Stage 2: China Volunteers From Dec. 2006, people from outside Beijing can submit their application. Stage 3: Overseas Volunteers By March 2007, people from outside China (including in other countries) can apply for volunteering in the 2008 Olympics. The program Travel, hotel are not provided