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111 Unit 3 Travel journal 核心單詞 1. persuade vt.說服；勸服；使相信(同convince) 常用結(jié)構(gòu)： persuade sb. of sth. 使某人相信某事 persuade sb. to do sth. 說服某人做某事 persuade sb. into doing sth. 說服某人做某事 persuade sb. out of doing sth. 說服某人不要做某事 persuade sb. that-clause 使某人相信…… 聯(lián)想拓展 talk sb. into/out of doing sth. =reason sb. into/out of doing sth. 說服某人做/不做某事 trick sb. into/out of doing sth. 誘使某人做/不做某事 urge sb. into/out of doing sth. 慫恿某人做/不做某事 易混辨析 advise/persuade advise 強(qiáng)調(diào)“勸告，建議”的動作，不注重結(jié)果；而persuade強(qiáng)調(diào)“已經(jīng)說服”，重在結(jié)果。用法上：advise可跟v.-ing形式作賓語，也可以接that-clause （that sb. should do）,而persuade則不能。 I persuaded him of its truth. 我使他相信這是真的。 We will persuade him to take the medicine. 我們將說服他把藥吃下去。 We persuaded her into taking the job. 我們說服她接受了這份工作。 I persuaded my father out of smoking. 我勸服父親戒了煙。 She persuaded me that death does not end all. 她說服我相信了死并不能結(jié)束一切。 He persuaded her to go to school, even though she did not want to. 即使她不想去上學(xué)，他還是說服她去了。 He advised that we (should) leave early. 他建議我們早點出發(fā)。 高手過招 單項填空 ①Alice trusts you; only you can her to give up the foolish idea. （2010·安徽合肥八中檢測） A. suggest B. attract C. tempt D. persuade ②Mr Li no longer smokes now because his wife him to give up smoking last year. （2010·江蘇常州檢測題） A. suggested B. advised C. persuaded D. told ①解析：選D。句意為：愛麗絲信任你，唯有你能說服她放棄這種愚蠢的想法。persuade sb. to do sth. 說服某人做某事;suggest勸說、建議，后不接動詞不定式;attract 吸引;tempt 誘惑，引誘，均不符題意。故選D項。 ②解析：選C?？疾閍dvise sb. to do sth.和persuade sb. to do sth.的區(qū)別。advise sb. to do sth. 意思是“勸某人做某事”，強(qiáng)調(diào)動作，尤其是表達(dá)“勸而不服”時多用此結(jié)構(gòu)；persuade sb. to do sth.意思是“勸服某人做某事”，強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果。 2. determine vt. (使)決定,決心要;確定 常用結(jié)構(gòu)： determine + n. / pron.決(確)定 determine to do sth.決定做某事 (表示動作，是非延續(xù)性動詞短語) determine on／upon ...決定…… determine that／what ...決定…… determine sb．to do sth.使某人決定做某事 determine sb. against sth.使某人決定不做某事 be determined to do sth.決心做某事 (表示狀態(tài)，可與表示時間段的狀語連用) We determine to go to the railway station at once. 我們決定立刻去火車站。 The court determined that the man was guilty of assault. 法庭裁定那個人犯了侵犯人身罪。 That determined her against leaving home. 那件事使她決定不離開家了。 聯(lián)想拓展 determined adj. 堅決的，有決心的 determination n. 決心 I was determined to make it as a jazz musician. 我決定要成為一名爵士樂音樂家。 溫馨提示 be determined to do與determine to do 意思基本一致，但前者表示狀態(tài)，可與某段時間狀語連用；后者表示動作，是非延續(xù)性的動詞短語。類似的短語還有：prepare for／be prepared for，worry about／be worried about。這類結(jié)構(gòu)?？疾榉衷~作狀語的用法。 高手過招 單項填空 He left school early and as an adolescent, to make his fortune in America. （2010·江蘇城頭中學(xué)一輪檢測） A. is determined B. had be determined C. determined D. determining 解析：選C。考查determine的用法。根據(jù)句意應(yīng)使用be determined to結(jié)構(gòu)，此處determined為形容詞作伴隨狀語。 3. insist v. 堅持；堅決要求 You can come back later, if you insist. 如果你一定要堅持，就稍后再來吧。 常用結(jié)構(gòu)： insist on/upon sth./(sb’s) doing sth. 堅持某事/要求（某人）做某事 insist that ....(should)堅持…… I still insist on my viewpoint. 我仍然堅持我的觀點。 He insisted on paying for the meal. 他堅持要付飯錢。 Mother insisted on our washing the clothes by ourselves. 媽媽堅決要求我們自己洗衣服。 溫馨提示 insist當(dāng)“堅決要求”解時，后面的從句應(yīng)用虛擬語氣，即謂語部分用“should+動詞原形”或直接用動詞原形；如果insist當(dāng)“堅持（認(rèn)為；說）”解時，后面的從句不用虛擬語氣。 高手過招 單項填空 ①The man insisted a taxi for me even though I told him I lived nearby. （原創(chuàng)） A. find B. to find C. on finding D. in finding ②I advised that he to the hospital at once, but he insisted that he quite well then. （2010·山東壽光一中一輪檢測） A. be sent; was feeling B. was sent; felt C. be sent; feel D. should be sent; should feel ①解析：選C。insist on doing sth.是習(xí)慣搭配，意為“堅持做某事”。 ②解析：選A。advise引導(dǎo)賓語從句，從句中的謂語動詞不管什么人稱都應(yīng)用should do; should也可以省去，只用動詞原形表述事實。insist在此處意為“堅持認(rèn)為”。故選A。 4. once 用法較多，意思也比較豐富，既可以用作連詞，也可以用作副詞。 once用作連詞時，意為“一旦……就……”，連接時間狀語從句，相當(dāng)于as soon as。 once用作副詞時，意為“曾經(jīng)；一度；從前”。它是一個不確定的時間副詞，其位置一般是在行為動詞之前，系動詞之后。 once用作副詞，也可意為“一次”。 Once you start, you will never give up. 一旦開始了，你就不要放棄。 Physics is easy to learn once you understand the rules. 一旦你理解了規(guī)則，物理就不難學(xué)了。 Once he lived in America, but now he lives in England. 他曾經(jīng)居住在美國，但現(xiàn)在他生活在英國。 His song was once very popular among the young people. 他的歌曾經(jīng)在年輕人中很流行。 The old professor comes to see us once a week. 那個老教授一周來看我們一次。 Tell us the story once more.把那個故事再給我們講一遍。 聯(lián)想拓展 at once 立刻；馬上 once again再一次；又一次（相當(dāng)于once more） all at once突然（相當(dāng)于suddenly) once upon a time很早以前；從前 once in a while偶爾；間或once/as soon as once偏重于條件，而as soon as偏重于時間。 Once you see the film, you’d never forget it(不宜用as soon as). 你一旦看了這部電影，你就永遠(yuǎn)不會忘記它。 As soon as he got off the plane, we wanted to say hello to him(不宜用once). 他一下飛機(jī)，我們就想向他打招呼。 高手過招 單項填空 ① environmental damage is done, it takes many years for the ecosystem (生態(tài)系統(tǒng)) to recover. （原創(chuàng)） A. Even if B. If only C. While D. Once ② you understand this rule, you’ll have no further difficulty. （2010·山東煙臺質(zhì)量檢測） A. Once B. Unless C. As D. Until ①解析：選D。句子為once引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句，意為“一旦；一……就……”。句意為：一旦環(huán)境遭到損害，就需要許多年才能使生態(tài)系統(tǒng)恢復(fù)。even if引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，意為“盡管”。if only意為“要是……就好了”，引導(dǎo)從句的謂語動詞常用虛擬語氣。while意為“當(dāng)……的時候”，引導(dǎo)從句的謂語動詞必須是延續(xù)性動詞。故選D。 ②解析：選A?？疾橛蒾nce引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句，意為“一旦”。句意為：一旦明白了這條規(guī)則，就再也沒有困難了。 5. view n. 風(fēng)景；視野；觀點；見解 vt. 觀看；注視；考慮 The house has a view over the sea. 這座房子面向大海，視野開闊。 What is your view on school punishments? 你對學(xué)校的處罰有什么看法？ The plan was viewed favorably.這項計劃是受到稱贊的。 聯(lián)想拓展 in one’s view 在某人看來 come into view 進(jìn)入視野，看得見 in full view (of sb./sth.) 完全看得見 in view of sth. 鑒于，考慮到，由于 with a view to sth.／to doing sth.為了，指望 Several possible buyers have come to view the house. 幾個可能是買主的人來看過房子。 高手過招 單項填空 On the top of this mountain, you can get a wonderful of the nearby hills. （2010·山西太原五中檢測） A. sight B. view C. distance D. look 解析：選B。get a view of為固定搭配，意為“看到……的景象”。 重點短語 6. care about 關(guān)心；擔(dān)心；在乎；喜歡 I really care about my work. 我真的關(guān)心我的工作。 聯(lián)想拓展 care for 喜愛；照顧；重視 take care 當(dāng)心 take care of 照料; 關(guān)懷; 處理 under the care of 由……管理, 在……的照料下, 在……的保護(hù)下 with care 小心, 慎重 She doesn’t care for that colour．她不喜歡那種顏色。 He spent years caring for his sick mother． 他數(shù)年里一直在照顧生病的母親。 I do care for what my teacher says. 我的確尊重老師說的話。 高手過招 （1）單項填空 That old man is so greedy(貪婪的) that he nothing but money, not even his relatives. （原創(chuàng)） A. look about B. search for C. cares about D. takes care of （2）完成句子 （原創(chuàng)） ①他一點也不關(guān)心別人，只想著自己。 He doesn’t care other people at all; he is always thinking of himself. ②愛因斯坦對金錢不感興趣，對薪水也不計較。 Einstein who cared little money never cared his salary. (1)解析：選C。考查短語辨析。look about到處看；search for尋找，相當(dāng)于look for；care about關(guān)心；在乎；take care of照料。 (2)①about②for; about 7. change one’s mind 改變主意 Maybe you’ll change your mind after thinking it over. 也許你仔細(xì)考慮之后會改變主意。 聯(lián)想拓展 make up one’s mind (to do) 下定決心（做某事） have a/no mind to do 有/無意做…… lose one’s mind 失去理智 read one’s mind 看出某人的心思 speak one’s mind 直言不諱 be of the same mind 意見一致 be in/of two minds 拿不定主意 give one’s mind to 注意…… keep one’s mind on 專心于…… take one’s mind off sth. 轉(zhuǎn)移某人的注意 bear/keep sth. in mind 記住某事 bring/call sth. to mind 回憶某事 put one’s mind to sth. 全神貫注于某事 I have made up my mind to leave, and nothing you say will change it. 我已經(jīng)下定決心要離開，不管你說什么我都不會改變主意了。 ①I’ve made up my mind to be a doctor. ②Nothing will make me change my mind. 8. give in 屈服，讓步，投降；上交 聯(lián)想拓展 give in (to sb./sth.) 向……讓步 give up sth./doing 放棄（做）某事 give away 贈送；泄露 give back 歸還；恢復(fù) give off 放出，散發(fā)(光、熱、煙、氣味等) give out分配；分發(fā)；發(fā)布；（食物，燃料，電力等）被用光；筋疲力盡 Seeing that he could not persuade me, he had to give in (to my view). 由于無法說服我，他不得不讓步。 Our food supply at last gives out. 我們的食物終于用完了。 His strength gave out. 他已筋疲力盡。 高手過招 單項填空 It is always the husband who first when a quarrel breaks out between the young couple. （2010·山東聊城檢測） A. give away B. gives out C. gives in D. gives off 解析：選C?？疾閯釉~短語辨析。句意為：當(dāng)年輕夫妻之間發(fā)生爭吵時，最先讓步的總是丈夫。give away 贈送，泄露，出賣；give out 分發(fā)，用完，消耗盡；give in 投降，屈服，讓步；give off 放出，散發(fā)出。 重點句型 9. Which kind of transport do you prefer to use: bus or train? 汽車和火車，你更喜歡使用哪種交通方式？ prefer to do (rather than do) 意為“寧可；寧愿（表選擇）”或者“更喜歡做某事”。 其本身帶有l(wèi)ike better的含義，所以不能再與表示程度的better或more連用。 聯(lián)想拓展 prefer sth. 喜歡某事/物 prefer doing sth. 更喜歡做某事 prefer+to do sth. （表示特定場合下）更喜歡做某事 prefer sb. to do sth. 寧愿某人做某事 prefer A to B/prefer doing A to doing B 寧愿……而不愿…… prefer to do A rather than do B 寧愿做A而不愿做B prefer + that-clause (虛擬語氣)+(should) +do 喜歡做某事 Do you prefer cooking for yourself or eating in a restaurant? 你是喜歡自己做飯還是下館子？ Their father prefers them to be home early. 他們的父親寧愿他們早點回家。 I prefer writing a term paper to taking an examination. 我寧愿寫一篇學(xué)術(shù)論文也不愿參加考試。 He preferred to die rather than become a traitor. 他寧死也不做叛徒。 Would you prefer that I（should）come on Monday instead of on Tuesday? 你寧愿讓我星期一來而不是星期二來嗎？ 高手過招 單項填空 My sister singing dancing while I dance sing. （原創(chuàng)） A. prefers; to; would rather; than B. would rather; than; prefer; to C. prefers; rather than; would rather; to D. would rather; to; prefer; to 解析：選A?？疾楣潭ù钆?。prefer的搭配是prefer to do rather than do或prefer doing to doing；would rather的搭配是would rather do than do或would do rather than do，因此A項正確。 10. When I told her the air would be hard to breathe and it would be very cold, she said it would be an interesting experience. 當(dāng)我告訴她那里空氣稀薄，呼吸困難，而且天氣很冷時，她卻說這將是一次有趣的經(jīng)歷。 “...the air would be hard to breathe ...”是“主語+系動詞+形容詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)，其中不定式的謂語與主語在意義上是動賓關(guān)系，但要用主動形式表示被動意義，不定式后面如果是不及物動詞要在其后加適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~與主語構(gòu)成動賓關(guān)系。這一類的形容詞通?？梢悦枥L主語的情緒、態(tài)度、品質(zhì)屬性或者難易程度，如hard, difficult, easy, nice, interesting, important, pleasant和comfortable等。 Your writing is impossible to read. 你寫的字太難辨認(rèn)了。 Do you think the water is safe to drink? 你認(rèn)為這水喝起來安全嗎？ The chair looks rather hard, but it is very comfortable to sit on. 這把椅子看上去很硬，但坐起來很舒服。 高手過招 完成句子 （原創(chuàng)） ①有時候她很不容易理解。 She was difficult at times. ②他是唯一一個被授予這種榮譽(yù)的外國人。 He was the only foreigner such an honour. ①to understand ②to be given 11. A determined person always tries to finish the job, no matter how hard it is. 有決心的人總是努力完成工作，不管它有多么難。 no matter how ...引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，意為“無論多么……”，how后跟形容詞或副詞，相當(dāng)于“however + adj./adv.”句式。 聯(lián)想拓展 no matter意為“無論；不管”時，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，常用于下列句型中：no matter what (who/when etc. )... 分別表示“無論何事”、“無論何人”、“無論何時”等，這個從句可以置于主句之前，也可以置于主句之后。no matter后接關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的狀語從句在句中作讓步狀語。 注意：whatever, however, whoever etc.可引導(dǎo)狀語從句，也可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。 No matter what happened, he would not mind. =Whatever happened, he would not mind. 不管發(fā)生什么，他都不在意。 （錯）Prisoners have to eat no matter what they’re given. （對）Prisoners have to eat whatever they’re given. 囚犯們只能給什么吃什么。 No matter how hard he works, he can not get a promotion. 不管他工作多努力, 他就是得不到提升。 No matter what you do, you must be very careful. 不管做什么事，你都必須非常細(xì)心。 No matter who you are (=Whoever you are), I’ll never let you in.無論你是誰，我絕不讓你進(jìn)去。 No matter which you choose(=Whichever you choose), you will be satisfied. 不論你選擇哪一個，你都會滿意的。 No matter where I go (=Wherever I go), I will be thinking of you. 無論我去哪里，我都會想著你。 高手過招 單項填空 ① the problem may be, we must solve it ourselves.（2010·山東威海一輪驗收） A. Whatever difficult B. How difficult C. However difficult D. No matter what difficult ②It is generally considered unwise to give a child he or she wants. （2010·山東棗莊檢測） A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever ①解析：選C。句意為：不管問題有多難，我們都要獨立解決。 difficult為形容詞，因此用how修飾，表示程度。however在這里沒有轉(zhuǎn)折的意思，相當(dāng)于no matter how，因此答案為C。 ②解析：選B?？疾閺膶訇P(guān)聯(lián)詞的用法。whatever等于anything that或everything that，引導(dǎo)賓語從句。whatever一方面起引導(dǎo)詞的作用，同時作從句中wants的賓語。 111