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111 江蘇省連云港灌云縣第一中學(xué)高中英語必修五：unit 1 Getting along with others Grammar學(xué)案 By: Wei Jianian Step One: Leading-in Tell the functions of the underlined parts in the sentences: subject, object, object complement, attributive, predicative, or adverbial 1) Tom seemed excited when he heard the good news yesterday. 2) My mother didn’t allow him to go out, for he had lots of homework to do. 3) In order to keep healthy, Jack takes exercise every morning. Step Two: To-infinitive Tell the functions of the underlined parts in the sentences: Functions Sample Sentences To find a best friend is difficult. It is difficult to find a best friend. I need to sleep for eight hours every day. Please remember to write to me. I ask him to come over. He ordered Tom to leave at once. I have an important meeting to attend. I have two letters to write. His intention was to cheer me up. My job is to deliver letters. My dad arranged some swimming lessons to surprise me. He worked hard to provide for his big family. Pay attention to the following point: The to-infinitive often follows some verbs as the object of a sentence. want, hope, like, begin, start, try, forget, agree, learn, refuse, dare, decide, determine, fail, manage, offer, prepare, prefer, mean etc. The to-infinitive can also have a continuous or perfect form in active or passive voice. Active Voice Passive Voice Basic form Perfect form Continuous form I am glad ___________ you. 我很高興見到你。 Tom is said ______________ a science fiction book about love.據(jù)說湯姆寫過一本科幻小說。 Tom happened ______________ loudly when the teacher came in.老師進(jìn)來時湯姆剛巧在大聲說話。 Step Three: Bare infinitive 1) We use the bare infinitive after ? let, make and have 1. I let her _________(borrow) my book. 2 She made me ________(promise) to write every day. 3. The teacher often has his students _______(read) aloud in class. ? verbs of perception: feel, hear, see, observe, notice and watch 1. I often see them __________(play) basketball together. 2. I heard him ___________(sing) in the next room yesterday. ? Phrases or patterns: would rather, had better, and why not 1. I’d rather _________(stay) at home instead of _______(watch) the film. 2. You’d better ________(not be) late. 3. You’d better ________ (tidy) your bedroom. 4. Why not __________ (visit) your cousin in Japan? ? We can use the bare infinitive for the second infinitive when two infinitives are joined by and, or, except, but, than, rather than, as or like. 1. I forgot ___________(turn off) the lights and ______(close) the door when I left. 2. We have nothing ______(do) but ______(watch) TV. 3. I prefer _______(stay) at home rather than _____(go) to the dancing party. Later complete the exercise on page 9 Step Four: Verb-ing as a noun Tell the functions of the underlined parts of the sentences: Sample Sentences Usages Swimming is good for your health. I love swimming in the sea. I keep fit by swimming every day. Her swimming is improving day by day. The old man has to use a walking stick. The situations we can use Verb-ing forms. u We use Verb-ing (not a infinitive), after the following words: admit dislike imagine delay consider mind understand avoid enjoy practise miss finish keep suggest u Some common phrases are used with Verb-ing forms. cannot help I cannot help ________(wonder) why she does not like me. look forward to I look forward to _______(see) you at the party. feel like I don’t feel like ________(do) anything now. cannot stand She cannot stand ________(see) that boy. It is no use/good It is no use _______(cry) about your exam results now. put off I had to put off ________(shop) for a while. keep on He kept on ________(ask) me for my phone number. u We can use a verb-ing or an infinitive after the following verbs with little difference in meaning but sometimes with some difference in meaning or usage such as 1. continue prefer begin hate like start love (little difference) 2. forget regret remember mean try go on (with some difference) Step Five: Language Pionts l persuade vt. 勸說；使相信 persuade sb to do sth= persuade sb into doing sth （成功地）說服某人做了某事 persuade sb of sth 使某人相信某事 sb be persuade of sth 某人相信/確信某事 I persuaded her ______ (go) to school, even though she did not want to. I am almost persuaded _______ his honesty. persuasive adj. 具有說服力力的，使人信服的 l discourage vt. 使喪失勇氣；使氣餒；使沮喪 discourage sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事 相似結(jié)構(gòu)有： stop sb (from) doing sth keep sb from doing sth prevent sb (from) doing sth We discouraged Tom from ________ (give) up the job. Step Six: Homework 2 To do Part C2 on page 92 in workbook to practise the infinitive and verb-ing forms 2 To preview the task 111