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111 Teaching goals 教學(xué)目標(biāo) 1. Target language 目標(biāo)語言 a. 重點(diǎn)詞匯和短語 traffic, present(n.), repaint, bathroom, furniture, decorate, so far, up to now, till now, all one’s life b. 重點(diǎn)句式 The traffic in the city has got much worse recently. P34 Xiao Li has stayed in Xiamen all his life. P34 I’ve worked for it for four years now. P36 I’ve known him since September. P36 It’s been very successful, so far. P36 Up to now, I’ve understood everything the teacher’s said. P36 We’ve had very good weather this winter, till now. P36 2. Ability goals 能力目標(biāo) Learn to use present perfect tense. 3. Learning ability goals 學(xué)能目標(biāo) Teach the students learn how to use present perfect tense. Teaching important points 教學(xué)重點(diǎn) The differences between past simple tense and present perfect tense. Teaching difficult points 教學(xué)難點(diǎn) Present perfect tense with verbs to describe events happen at a particular point in time and to describe events that can continue over a period of time. Teaching methods 教學(xué)方法 Explanation and practising. Teaching aids 教具準(zhǔn)備 A computer, a projector and some slides. Teaching procedures ＆ ways 教學(xué)過程與方式 Step I Greetings and Revision T: Good morning / afternoon, everyone! Ss: Good morning / afternoon, Mr / Ms... T: In the last period, I asked you to find out the sentences using present perfect tense in the text. Have you found them? Ss: Yes. T: OK! Now one student, one sentence. And I will ask you some questions according to the sentences you offer. Volunteer? S1: It’s been six years since we last saw each other, you know. T: I have a question. When was the last time that the speaker saw his friend? S1: The last time that the speaker saw his friend was six years ago. S2: This is the first time I’ve visited your hometown. S3: I’ve seen quite a lot of China. T: Do you know when the speaker saw these places? S3: I think the speaker saw these places before he talks to Xiao Li. S4: I’ve visited some beautiful cities. T: Do you know when the speaker visited these cities? S4: I think he visited these cities before he visits Xiao Li’s hometown. S5: They’ve just completed it. T: Is this a recent event? S5: Yes, this is a recent event. S6: They’ve put up a lot of high-rise buildings recently. T: Did they do this a long time ago? S6: No, they did this not long ago. “Recently” means “not long ago; lately”. S7: My wife’s just bought a beautiful dress from one of the shops there. S8: A friend’s told me about a nice little fish restaurant near here. T: Did this happen recently? S8: Yes, I think so. Step II Grammar 1 T: Now please turn to page 34, and do Activity 2. A few minutes later, ask the students to check the answers. Then let the students work in pairs to talk about an interesting place they have been to to practice the present perfect tense. T: OK! Now please work in pairs and tell your partners about the interesting places that you have been to. Tell your partners when you went and what you did there. And ask if they have been there. Don’t forget to use the present perfect tense. A sample version: S1: Hi! I haven’t seen you for several months. Where have you been? S2: I have been to France. S1: Really! When did you go there? S2: I went there three months ago. I studied two courses. France is a wonderful place. There are a lot of tourist attractions. Have you been there? S1: No. I wish I could have your luck. Explanation: 1．一般過去時(shí)所關(guān)心的是過去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，與現(xiàn)在無聯(lián)系，常有表示過去某時(shí)的狀語；而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)所關(guān)心的是過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作和現(xiàn)在的聯(lián)系或?qū)ΜF(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響，強(qiáng)調(diào)過去與現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系。 2．一般過去時(shí)常帶有表示過去某時(shí)刻的時(shí)間狀語，例如last night, yesterday, last year, three months ago等；而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)所帶時(shí)間狀語包括說話時(shí)在內(nèi)或與說話時(shí)非常接近，例如today, these days, recently, just等。 3．現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與for或since引起的短語連用時(shí)，表示從過去開始的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)延續(xù)至今；而一般過去時(shí)與for引起的短語連用時(shí)，只指過去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)在過去延續(xù)了多長時(shí)間。 Let the students do Exercise 3 on page 85 of WORKBOOK to further practice the present perfect tense and enable them to distinguish between the present perfect tense and the past simple tense. T: Please turn to page 85 and do Exercise 3 to choose correct forms of the verbs. Check the answers after the students finish it. Step III Grammar 2 Let the students do some exercises to enable them to distinguish verbs that can last and that cannot last. T: Now please look at some verbs on the screen and classify them into two groups. One group is verbs to describe events that can continue over a period of time. And the other group is verbs to describe events that happen at a particular point of time. Show the words on the screen. work, start, join, borrow, buy, give, know, leave, live, open, put, remain, send, stay A few minutes later, check the answers. Sample answers: Verbs to describe events that can continue over a period of time: work, know, live, remain, stay Verbs to describe events happen at a particular point in time: start, join, borrow, buy, give, leave, open, put, and send T: Now let’s do some practice to see how these verbs are used in past prefect tense. Turn to page 36 and do Activity 3. When you do it, please pay attention to the verbs to see which group they belong to, A or B? After a few minutes, check the answers. T: Please look at the three sentences of Activity 4 on page 36 and answer which phrases have the same meaning. S8: I think the three phrases all have the same meaning. T: Correct. Their meaning is “到目前為止”. Now please work in pairs and ask and answer about what you have learnt so far / up to now this term, in your lessons at school. A sample version: A: What have you learnt in your English lessons so far this term? B: I’ve learnt three modules. A: What have you learnt in your maths lessons up to now? B: ... Step IV Homework Complete the Exercises 1, 2 ＆ 4 on page 85. 111