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111 Module 5 Cloning Part One: Teaching Design 第一部分 教學(xué)設(shè)計 Period 3: Grammar—Subjunctive (1) Goals To learn to understand and use subjunctive (1) Procedures ▇ Learning about subjunctive Today we shall begin to study a both useful and difficult structure in English: subjunctive. ●FORM Use the simple form of the verb. The simple form is the infinitive without the "to." The simple form of the verb "to go" is "go." The subjunctive is only noticeable in certain forms and tenses. ●USE The Subjunctive is used to emphasize urgency or importance. It is used after certain expressions (see below). EXAMPLES: I suggest that he study. Is it essential that we be there? Don recommended that you join the committee. ●NOTICE The Subjunctive is only noticeable in certain forms and tenses. In the examples below, the Subjunctive is not noticeable in the you form of the verb, but it is noticeable in the he form of the verb. EXAMPLES: You try to study often. You form of "try" It is important that you try to study often. Subjunctive form of "try" He tries to study often. He form of "try" It is important that he try to study often. Subjunctive form of "try" ●Verbs Followed by the Subjunctive The Subjunctive is used after the following verbs: 111 to advise to ask to command to demand to desire to insist to propose to recommend to request to suggest to urge EXAMPLES: Dr. Smith asked that Mark submit his research paper before the end of the month. Donna requested that Frank be at the party. The teacher insists that her students arrive on time. ●Expressions Followed by the Subjunctive The Subjunctive is used after the following expressions: It is best (that) It is crucial (that) It is desirable (that) It is essential (that) It is imperative (that) It is important (that) It is recommended (that) It is urgent (that) It is vital (that) It is a good idea (that) It is a bad idea (that) 111 EXAMPLES: It is crucial that you be there before Tom arrives. It is important that she attend the meeting. It is recommended that he take a gallon of water with him if he wants to hike to the bottom of the Grand Canyon. ●Negative, Continuous and Passive Forms of Subjunctive The Subjunctive can be used in negative, continuous and passive forms. NEGATIVE EXAMPLES: The boss insisted that Sam not be at the meeting. The company asked that employees not accept personal phone calls during business hours. I suggest that you not take the job without renegotiating the salary. PASSIVE EXAMPLES: Jake recommended that Susan be hired immediately. Christine demanded that I be allowed to take part in the negotiations. We suggested that you be admitted to the organization. CONTINUOUS EXAMPLES: It is important that you be standing there when he gets off the plane. It is crucial that a car be waiting for the boss when the meeting is over. I propose that we all be waiting in Tim's apartment when he gets home. ●Should as Subjunctive After many of the above expressions, the word "should" is sometimes used to express the idea of subjunctiveness. This form is used more frequently in British English and is most common after the verbs "suggest," "recommend" and "insist." EXAMPLES: The doctor recommended that she should see a specialist about the problem. Professor William suggested that Wilma should study harder for the final exam. ■ Making sentences with subjunctive (1) To build your understanding of the subjunctive (a) please go to text again to make as many subjunctive (a) sentences as possible. 1. If Frankenstein were a young scientist from Geneva, in Switzerland, he would be studying at university. 2. If he discovered the secret of how to give life to lifeless matter Frankenstein would use bones from dead bodies to create a creature that resembles a human being. 3. If the creature were extremely ugly, it would terrify all those who would see it. 4. If the monster were able to speak, he would be intelligent and had human emotions. 5. If he were lonely and unhappy, he should begin to hate his creator, Frankenstein. 6. If Frankenstein refused to create a wife for him, the monster would murder Frankenstein's brother, his best friend Clerval, and finally, Frankenstein's wife Elizabeth. 7. If the scientist chased the creature to the Arctic in order to destroy him, he would die there. 8. If the monster disappeared into the ice and snow, his creator would end his own life. 9. If I saw my creation at midnight, I would feel very anxious. 10. If I prepared the equipment that would give life to the lifeless thing, the rain would fall against the window soon. 11. If my candle were burnt out, I would see the yellow eye of the creature open. 12. If the animal breathed hard, he would move its arms and legs violently. 13. If I could describe my emotions in words, I would be a professor. 14. If I worked hard to create a monster, I would be famous throughout the country. 15. If I tried to make him beautiful, he would not be the ugliest thing in the world. 16. If you had seeing eyes, you could see the veins beneath his yellow skin. 17. If his hair was black and his teeth were white, I would marry him. 18. If his clothing contrasted with his yellow eyes, his wrinkled yellow skin and black lips would not be visible to others. 19. If I worked for two more years, I would give life to a lifeless body. 20. If I did not sleep, I would destroy my health. 111