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111 高考英語(yǔ)一輪單元總復(fù)習(xí)講義精品薈萃外研版必修五Module 6 知識(shí)詳解 1.protect 　vt.　保護(hù) (回歸課本P53)In the 1990s the Chinese government began to take an active part in protecting the antelopes in the Hoh Xil Nature Reserve—the huge national park on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau，which is the main habitat of the antelopes. 20世紀(jì)90年代，中國(guó)政府開(kāi)始積極開(kāi)展在可可西里自然保護(hù)區(qū)的保護(hù)藏羚羊的工作——可可西里自然保護(hù)區(qū)是一個(gè)位于青藏高原的大型國(guó)家公園，是藏羚羊的主要棲息地。 【歸納總結(jié)】 【例句探源】 ①He put on the sunglasses to protect his eyes from the strong sunlight.他戴上太陽(yáng)鏡以保護(hù)眼睛免受日光的強(qiáng)烈照射。 ②It is their duty to protect their friends against the enemy. 保護(hù)朋友不受敵人傷害是他們的責(zé)任。 ③(高考江蘇卷)However，laws were established to protect the wolves from sportsmen and people who catch the animals for their fur. 然而，人們制定了法律保護(hù)狼免遭打獵人以及為了得到它們的皮而捕殺它們的人的傷害。 ④That coat is too thin to give you any protection against the cold.那件外套太薄了，根本無(wú)法御寒。 【注意】　prevent/keep/stop sb./sth.from doing sth.阻止某人做某事/阻止某事發(fā)生。主動(dòng)句中prevent/stop...from...中的from可省略，在被動(dòng)句中from不可省略，且keep...from...中的from也不能省略。 【易混辨析】 defend，protect 二者都有“保護(hù)；使安全”之意，有時(shí)可以互換使用，區(qū)別如下：defend指“保衛(wèi)；防御”，應(yīng)用范圍很廣，對(duì)象可以是具體的，也可以是抽象的；而protect指“保護(hù)……以免遭受危險(xiǎn)或傷害等”。 ①They built defense works to defend themselves against enemy. ②We must protect the children from harm. 【即境活用】 1．—Use my umbrella to ________ yourself from the rain，will you? —That’s very kind of you. A．prevent　　　　　　　B．keep C．rescue D．protect 解析：選D。prevent sb.from doing sth.＝keep sb.from doing sth.阻止某人做某事；rescue sb.from從……中把某人拯救出來(lái)，使某人免遭危險(xiǎn)；protect sb.from使……免于……。由語(yǔ)境知D項(xiàng)符合。 2.Flowers in our garden are well protected ________ the cold weather. A．on B．to C．a(chǎn)gainst D．with 解析：選C。句意：我們花園里的花木被保護(hù)以免遭冷空氣危害。 2.meanwhile　adv.　當(dāng)時(shí)，同時(shí)，在那當(dāng)中； n．　其時(shí)，其間 (回歸課本P53)Meanwhile，in those countries where the shawls are sold，police are getting tough with the dealers. 同時(shí)，在那些出售藏羚羊毛披肩的國(guó)家，警方開(kāi)始嚴(yán)厲打擊藏羚羊毛披肩的販賣者。 【歸納總結(jié)】 【例句探源】 ①M(fèi)other went shopping；meanwhile I cleaned the house. 媽媽去購(gòu)物了，與此同時(shí)，我打掃了房間。 ②The train will come in an hour.Meanwhile we can have lunch.火車還有一個(gè)小時(shí)才到，在此期間我們可以吃午飯。 ③(朗文P1220)I knew I wouldn’t get my exam results for several weeks，and I wasn’t sure what to do in the meanwhile. 我知道我要數(shù)周以后才會(huì)得到自己的考試成績(jī)，在此期間我拿不準(zhǔn)該做點(diǎn)什么。 ④(牛津P1251)Stress can be extremely damaging to your health.Exercise，meanwhile，can reduce its effects. 壓力對(duì)你的健康會(huì)是非常有害的，而鍛煉會(huì)減少這種害處。 【即境活用】 3．(高考遼寧卷)Jim went to answer the phone.________，Harry started to prepare lunch. A．However　　　　　　B．Nevertheless C．Besides D．Meanwhile 解析：選D。句意：Jim去接電話了。與此同時(shí)，Harry開(kāi)始做午飯。本題考查副詞用法。A然而；B雖然如此；C除此之外；D與此同時(shí)。根據(jù)前后句邏輯關(guān)系，應(yīng)選擇表示并列關(guān)系的D。 4.(高考浙江卷)The incomes of skilled workers went up.________，unskilled workers saw their earnings fall. A．Moreover B．Therefore C．Meanwhile D．Otherwise 解析：選C。句意“技術(shù)工人的收入提高了，與此同時(shí)非技術(shù)工人的收入下降了”。 3.condition　n．　環(huán)境；情況；條件 (回歸課本P53)The small group of officials who work in the reserve are helped by volunteers who come from all over the country，and who are ready for the difficult conditions of life at 5,000 metres. 工作在保護(hù)區(qū)的政府官員們得到了來(lái)自全國(guó)各地的、愿意忍受海拔5000米以上惡劣生活環(huán)境的志愿者們的支持。 【歸納總結(jié)】 【例句探源】 ①The car is in very good condition.這輛汽車情況良好。 ②(牛津P411)The plants grow best in cool，damp conditions. 這些植物最適合在陰涼、潮濕的環(huán)境下生長(zhǎng)。 ③I’ll do it on condition that you pay for everything. 我可以做此事，條件是你得支付一切費(fèi)用。 ④People who take part in the sports meeting must be in good condition.參加運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)的人必須有良好的身體狀況。 ⑤On no condition should you give up the plan. 你決不應(yīng)該放棄那個(gè)計(jì)劃。 【注意】　condition表示某人或某物的狀態(tài)或狀況，而它的復(fù)數(shù)形式則表示某人或某物所處的環(huán)境或條件。 【易混辨析】 condition，situation，state condition意為“條件；情況”，其單數(shù)形式指人或事物所處的狀態(tài)，可與state互換；但condition還著重于一定原因或條件造成的狀態(tài)，如人的健康狀況、物的完好程度。其復(fù)數(shù)指一般、籠統(tǒng)的情況。 situation指某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)各種情況所造成的“處境；形勢(shì)”。 state除了可以與condition互換使用外，還可表示思想、感情心理等狀態(tài)。 ①We must keep up a good state of mind whenever we are in trouble. ②I’ve had no exercise for ages；I’m really out of condition. ③It is important for us to employ a word or phrase to the situation in language studies. 【即境活用】 5.Teachers’ working ________ should be improved in some areas，because many of the teachers are out of ________. A．condition；conditions B．conditions；condition C．conditions；conditions D．condition；condition 解析：選B。句意是：某些地區(qū)，老師的工作條件應(yīng)當(dāng)?shù)玫礁纳疲驗(yàn)橛性S多老師身體狀況欠佳。第一個(gè)空用復(fù)數(shù)形式conditions表示“條件；環(huán)境”；第二個(gè)空用out of condition表示“狀況不好”。 6．(高考遼寧卷)I agree to his suggestion ________ the condition that he drops all charges. A．by B．in C．on D．to 解析：選C。句意：我同意他的建議，條件是他應(yīng)降低所有的費(fèi)用。on the condition that在此處起連詞作用，引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“條件是，如果……”。此短語(yǔ)中只能用介詞on，故選C。 4.wonder　n．　奇跡；驚訝，驚奇 v．　想知道，納悶，對(duì)……感到疑惑；對(duì)……感到驚奇 (回歸課本P55)One of the wonders of the insect world. 昆蟲(chóng)世界中的一大奇觀。 【歸納總結(jié)】 【例句探源】 ①It’s no wonder you’ve got a headache when you drank so much last night.昨晚你喝了這么多酒，難怪你頭痛。 ②It’s a wonder you recognized me after all these years. 讓人驚奇的是這么多年之后你還認(rèn)得我。 ③(牛津P2315)We are wondering about next April for the wedding.我們正考慮著明年四月舉行婚禮。 ④I wonder what really happened.我想知道究竟出了什么事。 ⑤She wondered at her own stupidity. 她沒(méi)想到自己竟會(huì)這樣愚蠢。 ⑥I wonder/was wondering if you could post this letter for me. 不知你可不可以幫我把這封信寄出去。 【即境活用】 7.He hasn’t slept at all for three days.________ that he is tired out. A．There is no point　　B．There is no need C．It is no wonder D．It is no way 解析：選C。句意是：他一連三天沒(méi)有睡覺(jué)了。難怪他已疲憊不堪了。there is no point沒(méi)有意義了；there is no need沒(méi)有必要；it is no wonder難怪；it is no way決不。 8．完成句子 (1)____________ no one got hurt. 令人驚奇的是沒(méi)有人受傷。 答案：It’s a wonder (2)I ____________ you could help me. 你可不可以幫幫我。 答案：wonder if (3)We listened with ____________ to our father’s stories. 我們驚奇地聽(tīng)著爸爸講故事。 答案：wonder 5.put down　記下；放下；鎮(zhèn)壓，制止；平息；把……歸因于；把……記在……賬上；停車讓……下車；降落；著陸 (回歸課本P52)He shouted to the poachers to put down their guns. 他沖盜獵者大喊，讓他們放下槍。 【歸納總結(jié)】 【例句探源】 ①Here is my address；put it down before you forget it. 這是我的地址，記下來(lái)免得忘了。 ②(牛津P1613)It’s a great book.I couldn’t put it down. 這本書(shū)棒極了。我是愛(ài)不釋手啊。 ③She had put down unkind talk by living a peaceful life. 她過(guò)著平靜的生活，平息了流言飛語(yǔ)。 ④He put down his failure to the sudden change in weather. 他把失敗歸咎于天氣的突然變化。 ⑤You can put the lunch down to my account. 你可以把這頓午餐記到我的賬上。 ⑥He gave an old woman a lift and put her down at the door. 他讓一個(gè)老婦人搭車并在她家門口讓她下車。 ⑦After circling the field for two hours，the plane finally put down without incident. 飛機(jī)在機(jī)場(chǎng)上空盤(pán)旋了兩個(gè)小時(shí)，最后安全著陸。 【即境活用】 9.The government is determined to put ________ all opposition. A．down　　　　　　　　 B．up C．forward D．on 解析：選A。句意為：“政府決定鎮(zhèn)壓所有的反對(duì)派?！? 10．The plan ________ just because people were unwilling to co-operate. A．put down B．pulled down C．turned down D．broke down 解析：選D。句意為：“僅僅因?yàn)槿藗儾辉负献?，這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃流產(chǎn)了?！眕ut down“記下”；pull down“拆除”；turn down“拒絕”；break down“中止，流產(chǎn)，失敗”。 6.stand for　代表，象征；支持，主張；忍受，容忍 (回歸課本P59)The initials，WWF，stand for World Wide Fund for Nature. 縮略詞WWF代表“世界自然保護(hù)基金組織”。 【歸納總結(jié)】 【例句探源】 ①The letters WTO stand for World Trade Organization. 字母WTO代表世界貿(mào)易組織。 ②(朗文P1943)We will not stand for this sort of behavior，young man！小伙子，我們不會(huì)容忍這種行為！ ③His height makes him stand out in the crowd. 他身材高大，因此在人群中突出。 ④(牛津P1962)How can you stand by and see him accused of something he didn’t do? 你怎么能眼睜睜地看著他遭人誣陷而袖手旁觀呢？ 【即境活用】 11.The letters GNP ________ gross national product. A．stand for　　　　　　B．stands for C．stand behind D．stand aside 解析：選A。句意“字母GNP代表國(guó)民生產(chǎn)總值?！? 12．—What made the young man________of so many talents? —His hard work and wisdom. A．stand by B．stand out C．stand up D．stand for 解析：選B。句意是：“是什么使得這位年輕人在那么多的人才中脫穎而出？”“他努力的工作和智慧?！贝司湟胹tand out表示“杰出，出色”。 句型梳理 1.【教材原句】　Although surprised，the poachers had an advantage—there were more of them.(P52) 盡管很吃驚，偷獵者仍占優(yōu)勢(shì)——他們?nèi)硕?不害怕)。 【句法分析】　句中although surprised＝although they were surprised是讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的省略。狀語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)同主句主語(yǔ)一致或是無(wú)人稱代詞，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞含助動(dòng)詞be，可將從句的主語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞be一起省略。 ①Although (he is) quite old，he still jogs every day. 他盡管年老了，但仍堅(jiān)持每天慢跑。 ②Please lend me a hand if (it is) possible. 如果可能，請(qǐng)幫我一個(gè)忙。 ③He will not come unless (he is) invited. 除非受到邀請(qǐng)，否則他不會(huì)來(lái)。 ④When (I was) in Japan，I took many beautiful pictures. 在日本時(shí)，我拍了許多漂亮的照片。 ⑤Mistakes，if (there are) any，should be corrected. 如果有什么錯(cuò)誤，就應(yīng)當(dāng)改正。 【注意】　用在引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞后，不能同時(shí)用并列連詞but，但可用still，yet等詞加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣。 ⑥Though he is a little boy，yet/still he knows a lot. 雖然他還是個(gè)孩子，但他懂得很多。 【易混辨析】 though，although，as (1)though，although，as都可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。 (2)although較正式，多置于句首。它引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句只能用自然語(yǔ)序。 (3)though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，除了用于自然語(yǔ)序外，也可用于倒裝語(yǔ)序。另外though還可用作副詞置于句末意為“然而”。 (4)as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，從句必須用倒裝語(yǔ)序。其中表語(yǔ)名詞提前時(shí)不加冠詞。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞前置時(shí)，從句要加may，might，can，could，will，would等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞do，does，did等；如是及物動(dòng)詞，賓語(yǔ)也要隨著提前。 ①Although he is very young，he can do it well. 雖然他很年輕，但他能做好。 ②Though she was no more than twenty-two，she was already a highly successful businesswoman. 雖然她不過(guò)才22歲，卻已經(jīng)是一位非常成功的女商人了。 ③Try as she might，Sue couldn’t get the door open. 無(wú)論休怎樣努力，她就是打不開(kāi)門。 ④Lose money as I did，I got a lot of experience. 我雖然丟了錢，但得到很多經(jīng)驗(yàn)。 【即境活用】 13．用though/as/although填空 ①Proud ________ these two nobles are，they are afraid to see me. ②________ he is a hero，he has some shortcomings. ③Manage ________ we might，we couldn’t get out of the difficulty. 答案：①though/as?、贏lthough/Though　③as/though 14.Learned ________ you are，you should learn from others ________ you go. A．a(chǎn)s；where　　　B．a(chǎn)lthough；wherever C．a(chǎn)s；wherever D．though；where 解析：選C。此處為倒裝句，故用as或though引導(dǎo)；第二空用wherever表示“無(wú)論何處”，引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句。 15.(安徽高三模擬)When ________ about his future plans，Zhang Yimou said that his next movie would follow a modern theme. A．a(chǎn)sking B．a(chǎn)sked C．to ask D．being asked 解析：選B?？疾闋钫Z(yǔ)從句的省略。when asked是when he was asked的省略。 2.【教材原句】　But today the government seems to be winning the battle.(P53) 但是現(xiàn)在政府好像正要贏得這場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)斗。 【句法分析】　此處seem to be doing結(jié)構(gòu)表示“好像正在做某事”的意思。seem有以下句型結(jié)構(gòu)： 【歸納總結(jié)】 (1)seem(to be)＋adj./n./介詞短語(yǔ)/分詞 好像……/看上去好像 seem＋to do/to have done/to be doing 好像要做……/已做了……/正在做…… (2)It seems that...好像……(用陳述語(yǔ)氣) It seems as if/though...看上去好像……(從句可用虛擬語(yǔ)氣) There seems to be...好像有…… 【例句探源】 ①What seems easy to some people seems difficult to others. 某些人覺(jué)得容易的事情，別人可能覺(jué)得困難。 ②He seemed to have forgotten my name. 他似乎忘了我的名字。 ③It seems as if everybody else knew about it except me. 看上去好像除了我之外別人都知道此事。 【即境活用】 16．I seem ________ him somewhere before，but I can’t remember the exact place. A．to see　　　　　　B．to have seen C．seeing D．having seen 解析：選B。句意“我記得好像從前在哪里見(jiàn)過(guò)他，但忘了確切地點(diǎn)了?！庇貌欢ㄊ降耐瓿蓵r(shí)表示先于謂語(yǔ)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。 17.—Is Bob still working in your school? —I’m afraid not.He is said ________ and ________in a private school recently. A．to resign；to teach B．to have resigned；teaching C．having resigned；to be teaching D．to have resigned；to be teaching 解析：選D。句意是：“鮑勃還在你學(xué)校教書(shū)嗎？”“恐怕不在了。據(jù)說(shuō)他已辭職，最近正在一家私立學(xué)校工作?！盚e is said后面要接動(dòng)詞不定式，resign發(fā)生在is said之前，所以要用不定式的完成時(shí)；teach in a private school與is said同時(shí)進(jìn)行，所以要用不定式的進(jìn)行時(shí)。 111