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111 Unit1 Building the future Part One Teaching Design 第一部分 教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì) Aims and requirements ◆ read an essay about food aid and development aid, and a feature story about sustainable development. ◆ listen to a conversation between a student and his grandfather about development ◆ discuss development and interview a government official ◆ write an essay about the development of your city or town ◆ prepare and present a report about how your city or town supports sustainable development Procedures ● Welcome to the unit Step 1 Brainstorming At the beginning of this period, let’s watch a video. What can you learn from it? Step 2 Sharing information 1. Work in groups of four and discuss the four pictures on page 1. Picture 1 What is in the picture? (A lot of grains and a hand.) What can food aid do to help solve the problem of poverty? (Food aid can help feed people who have no food.) Do you think food aid is a short-term or a long-term solution to the problem of poverty? Why or why not? (Food aid is a short-term solution as it gives food immediately to people who are very hungry, but it does not allow them to grow their own food in the future.) Picture 2 What is the man doing in the picture? (He is building something.) Why do you think he works so hard? (He works so hard because he might be poor and need the money.) Do you think training people to make a living is a short-term or long –term solution to the problem of poverty? Why or why not? (Training people is a long-term solution to the problem of poverty. It allows them to make a living by themselves.) Picture 3 What has happened to the village? (It has become a city. With the development of society, many villages have changed a lot over the years. Tall buildings have been built and motorways and bridges have been constructed. The living conditions of local people have been greatly improved. Small villages have been developed into towns or cities.) Do you prefer living in the city or in the country? Why? What problems may developing too fast cause? (Developing too fast might harm the natural environment. For example, many trees have been cut down in order to build factories, roads and bridges. Also, almost everything we do in our modern lives, be it cooking or traveling, requires the use of Earth’s natural resources, which we may run out of one day.) Picture 4 What do you think the things are used for? (I think these machines are used to generate electricity by using wind power.) What might happen to the cold, oil and other natural resources in a thousand years? (The supplies of coal, oil and other natural resources might run out in a thousand years.) What is renewable energy? Can you suggest some good examples of energy for the future? (Renewable energy is energy that comes from a source that will not run out. Solar, wind and hydroelectric or water energy are all sources of renewable energy that could be used in the future.) 2. Work in pairs and have a discussion about the questions below the pictures. Sample answers 1 In my opinion, compared to the old city several years ago, my home town, Nanjing, is developing at a fast rate and is taking on a new look. As the capital city of east China’s Jiangsu Province, Nanjing has experienced great changes. Many buildings and motorways have been built, polluted rivers have been cleaned, and more trees and flowers have been planted. With the continued development of the city, there is no doubt that it will develop into a modern, international city in twenty years’ time. 2 I do not think giving food and money to poor people will solve all their problems. Food aid is merely a short-term solution to a long –term problem. Giving food and money will probably solve the immediate problem of hunger and food shortages, yet food has been eaten and the money has been used up. There are many causes of poverty. In order to solve the problem, we need to identify what causes poverty and then try to combat it. 3 As I see it, development brings both opportunities and challenges. Without correct policies and strategies, it may be bad for a country. To begin with, it might do harm to our natural environment. For example, many trees have been cut down in order to build factories, roads bridges. Besides, natural resources may be used up for development. Step3: Discussion: Look at the following pictures and then have a discussion: Food has never before existed in such abundance, so why are 820 million people in developing countries going hungry? what causes poverty? How to solve the problem? For reference: the cause of hunger wars diseases natural disasters local environment wrong policies and strategies growing population limited natural resources solution： stop wars give medical care and training improve local environment provide educational training donate food and money develop renewable energy For reference: the cause of hunger 1． NATURE Natural disasters such as floods, tropical storms and long periods of drought are on the increase with calamitous consequences for food security in poor, developing countries. 2. WAR Since 1992, the proportion of short and long-term food crises that can be attributed to human causes has more than doubled, rising from 15 percent to more than 35 percent. All too often, these emergencies are triggered by conflict. In war, food sometimes becomes a weapon. Soldiers will starve opponents into submission by seizing or destroying food and livestock and systematically wrecking local markets. Fields and water wells are often mined or contaminated, forcing farmers to abandon their land. 3. POVERTY TRAP In developing countries, farmers often cannot afford seed to plant the crops that would provide for their families. Craftsmen lack the means to pay for the tools to ply their trade. Others have no land or water or education to lay the foundations for a secure future. The poverty-stricken do not have enough money to buy or produce enough food for themselves and their families. In turn, they tend to be weaker and cannot produce enough to buy more food. In short, the poor are hungry and their hunger traps them in poverty. 4. R-EXPLOITATION OF ENVIRONMENT Poor farming practices, deforestation, overcropping and overgrazing are exhausting the Earth's fertility and spreading the roots of hunger. Increasingly, the world's fertile farmland is under threat from erosion, salination and desertification. Step4: Homework: 1. Read the article in Part A on page 102 in Workbook 2. Prepare the Reading part. 111