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111 名師導(dǎo)航 四點(diǎn)剖析 單詞·典句·考點(diǎn) 經(jīng)典例句　Banana is native to Taiwan. 香蕉是臺(tái)灣的土(特)產(chǎn)。 My native language is Chinese. 我的母語(yǔ)是漢語(yǔ)。 This house was built of native stones. 這間屋子是用當(dāng)?shù)氐氖^建的。 考點(diǎn)聚焦　1)native n. 本地人; 土產(chǎn)。如: He is a Beijing native. 他是土生土長(zhǎng)的北京人。 When we’re on holiday in Greece, we live like the natives. 我們?cè)谙ＥD度假時(shí), 就像當(dāng)?shù)厝四菢由睢? 2)常用詞組: be native to原產(chǎn)于 經(jīng)典例句　She followed her usual custom of spending Sunday at her villa at the seaside. 她按照通常的習(xí)慣，在海濱別墅度過(guò)了星期天。 Social customs vary greatly from country to country. 國(guó)與國(guó)之間的社會(huì)習(xí)俗有很大差異。 It is my custom to rise early. 早起是我的習(xí)慣。 考點(diǎn)聚焦　1)custom還可以表示 “關(guān)稅; 海關(guān)”, 常用作復(fù)數(shù)形式。如: the Customs海關(guān) At the airport, the Custom officers searched his case. 在機(jī)場(chǎng)，海關(guān)人員檢查了他的箱子。 2)單詞辨析:custom, habit, practice 都含“習(xí)慣”的意思。 custom 指“經(jīng)過(guò)一段時(shí)期在某人、一國(guó)、一地區(qū)或一個(gè)社會(huì)中形成的傳統(tǒng)的習(xí)慣或風(fēng)俗”。如: In China the custom prevails in eating dumplings on New Year’s Eve. 在中國(guó), 除夕晚上吃餃子的風(fēng)俗很盛行。 habit 指 “個(gè)人由于自然條件、社會(huì)環(huán)境、愛(ài)好或經(jīng)常接觸而導(dǎo)致習(xí)以為常的行為或特性”。如: Smoking is a bad habit. 抽煙是種壞習(xí)慣。 practice 語(yǔ)氣比 habit弱, 指“個(gè)人或大家都習(xí)慣了的做法或工作與生活的方式”。如: the practice of reading in bed 躺在床上看書(shū)的習(xí)慣 巧記提示　fool(n. 呆人)+-ish(形容詞后綴)→foolish 經(jīng)典例句　It was very foolish of you to park the car near the bus stop. 你真愚蠢, 竟然把汽車(chē)停在公共汽車(chē)站附近。 I felt rather foolish when I couldn’t answer the teacher’s question. 當(dāng)我回答不出老師的提問(wèn)時(shí)，我覺(jué)得自己很愚蠢。 I felt very foolish having to stand up and give a speech. 我必須站起來(lái)講話(huà), 感到很難為情。 He was angry with himself for having made such a foolish mistake. 他為犯如此愚蠢的錯(cuò)誤而對(duì)自己氣惱不已。 考點(diǎn)聚焦　1)詞形變化:動(dòng)詞:fool; 副詞:foolishly; 名詞:foolishness。 2)fool的用法: n. 笨人；呆子; 欺騙 I’m a fool, I left my coat on the train. 我真傻, 把外套丟在火車(chē)上了。 We were all made fools by the salesman. 我們?nèi)急煌其N(xiāo)員給騙了。 Fool’s haste is no speed. (諺) 欲速則不達(dá)。 v. 愚弄；欺騙 He fooled me into giving him money. 他欺騙我，要我給他錢(qián)。 You shouldn’t have let the children fool about with dangerous chemicals. 你不該讓孩子們胡鬧擺弄危險(xiǎn)的化學(xué)品。 You can’t fool her, she’s much too clever for that. 你愚弄不了她, 她夠精明的, 不會(huì)上你的當(dāng)。 3)單詞辨析:foolish, silly, stupid 三者都含有 “愚蠢的”之意, 一般情況下可以通用。 foolish 最常用, 著重指缺乏常識(shí)和判斷力。如: It’s foolish of you to buy such a book. 你買(mǎi)這樣的書(shū)真傻。 silly指因極端愚蠢而引起笑話(huà)或做出無(wú)聊的舉動(dòng), 暗示低能。如: Don’t do such silly things. 不要做那種蠢事。 stupid 著重指人智力低下, 含較強(qiáng)的貶義。如: His stupid behaviour got him into trouble. 他的愚蠢的行為給他帶來(lái)了麻煩。 活學(xué)巧用　1. 根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)意思寫(xiě)出相應(yīng)的單詞 （2006, 陜西）Well, you’ve acted __________(愚蠢地) and you will pay for it. 答案：foolishly 經(jīng)典例句　This wet ground is not firm enough to walk on. 這塊濕地不夠堅(jiān)實(shí), 不能在上面走。 Parents must be firm with their children. 父母對(duì)孩子一定要嚴(yán)格。 Mother kept a firm hold on her son’s hands as he said goodbye to her abroad. 兒子向母親告別到國(guó)外去時(shí), 母親緊緊地拉住他的雙手。 We must maintain a firm attitude. 我們必須采取堅(jiān)定的態(tài)度。 考點(diǎn)聚焦　1)firm 還可以當(dāng)作動(dòng)詞, 意思為 “使牢固, 使堅(jiān)定; 變穩(wěn)固, 變堅(jiān)實(shí)”。如: The government must act to firm prices up. 政府必須采取行動(dòng)使物價(jià)穩(wěn)定下來(lái)。 The jelly firmed quickly. 果凍很快就凝結(jié)起來(lái)了。 Exercise will firm up your muscles. 鍛煉身體能使肌肉結(jié)實(shí)。 firm 還可以當(dāng)作名詞, 表示 “公司, (合伙)商”, 如: He has established his own firm. 他已建立起自己的公司。 2)單詞辨析:firm, hard, solid, stiff 都含“堅(jiān)硬的、不易拉彎和失去原形的”意思。 firm 指“組織和結(jié)構(gòu)堅(jiān)韌、不易彎曲的”, 如: His muscles are firm. 他的肌肉堅(jiān)實(shí)。 hard指“厚或堅(jiān)硬的, 而不易穿透、不易切割和壓碎的”, 如: as hard as a rock 堅(jiān)如巖石 solid指“物體的結(jié)構(gòu)很堅(jiān)固, 密度一致, 堅(jiān)硬得能抗壓”, 如: Houses must be built on solid ground. 房屋必須建造在堅(jiān)硬的土地上。 stiff指“堅(jiān)硬而不能彎曲的”, 如: a stiff collar 硬領(lǐng)。 巧記提示　[熟]jewel(n. 寶石；飾物)→[生]jewellery 經(jīng)典例句　She wore so much jewellery that she seemed to be covered in gold. 她戴了那么多首飾，看上去像是包在金子里似的。 The police recovered the stolen jewellery. 警察找回了被盜的珠寶。 Mrs. Young locked up her jewellery. 楊格夫人把她的珠寶都鎖藏起來(lái)了。 考點(diǎn)聚焦　jewellery與jewel的區(qū)別： jewellery 表示 “(總稱(chēng))珠寶玉石，珍寶”，是不可數(shù)名詞； jewel表示 “寶石；寶石飾物； 貴重飾物”，是可數(shù)名詞。 巧記提示　fast(adj. 緊，牢固)+-en(使) 經(jīng)典例句　The door of the garden will not fasten. 菜園門(mén)閂不上。 Don’t try and fasten the blame on me. 別想把過(guò)錯(cuò)推到我頭上。 She fastened the notice to the board. 她把通知貼到布告板上。 She fastened herself on him. 她纏住他不放。 考點(diǎn)聚焦　常用詞組 fasten down(把箱蓋等)釘上; 蓋緊; 確定 fasten in關(guān)進(jìn); 裝進(jìn) fasten off 打個(gè)結(jié); 縫牢 fasten on 抓住, 握緊; 盯住; 糾纏不放 fasten oneself on/upon纏住不放 fasten one’s eyes on sb. 盯住某人 fasten one’s attention upon a problem 把注意力集中在某一問(wèn)題上 fasten a crime on sb. 加罪于某人 fasten up拴緊; 捆; 釘牢; 關(guān)緊; 鎖牢 活學(xué)巧用　2. 單項(xiàng)填空 Don’t forget to __________ the windows before going to bed. There’s going to be storm tonight. A. clean B. open C. keep D. fasten 答案：D 經(jīng)典例句　Never tell him a secret, he’s got a loose tongue. 別把秘密告訴他，他的嘴不嚴(yán)。 She wore loose garments in the summer. 她夏天穿寬松的衣服。 Her hair hung loose to her shoulders. 她的頭發(fā)披散在肩上。 I bought these chocolates loose, not in a box. 我買(mǎi)的這些巧克力是散裝的, 不是盒裝的。 考點(diǎn)聚焦　loose(loosed, loosing)還可以當(dāng)作動(dòng)詞，表示 “放松；釋放”。如： He loosed his collar of his overcoat. 他解開(kāi)了大衣領(lǐng)口。 The guard loosed the dogs when the burglar alarm went off. 防盜警報(bào)器一響，警衛(wèi)就放出了警犬。 經(jīng)典例句　The paper should be folded in half. 這張紙應(yīng)該對(duì)折。 I folded the handkerchief and put it in my pocket. 我折好手絹，放進(jìn)口袋里。 The farmer folded the seeds in a piece of paper. 農(nóng)民用紙把那些種子包起來(lái)。 考點(diǎn)聚焦　1)[反] unfold v. 打開(kāi); 顯露; 開(kāi)花; 放(羊)出欄。 2)常用詞組： fold one’s arms交叉雙臂 fold one’s hands交叉手指 with folded arms 兩臂交叉(常指袖手旁觀(guān)) with folded hands兩手抱在一起(無(wú)所作為) fold away折疊起來(lái) fold down/back(把書(shū)頁(yè))折過(guò)來(lái), 折進(jìn)去; 向后折疊 fold up折疊起來(lái); 崩潰; 倒閉, 破產(chǎn) 經(jīng)典例句　The shop furnishes everything that is needed for camping. 這家商店供應(yīng)各種野營(yíng)用品。 The room was furnished with the simplest essentials, a bed, a chair, and a table. 房間里只布置了最簡(jiǎn)單的必需品, 一張床、一把椅子和一張桌子。 They are renting a furnished flat. 他們租用了一套帶有家具的公寓房子。 考點(diǎn)聚焦　1)[派] furnished adj. 配備家具的, 備有家具的；furnishment n. 裝備, 裝置 2)常用詞組： be furnished with備有, 安裝有, 陳設(shè)有 furnish out補(bǔ)充; 使(房屋的設(shè)備)完備 furnish sb. with sth. 供給某人某物 furnish sth. to sb. 供給某人某物 111