畢 業(yè) 設(shè) 計(jì)（論 文）任 務(wù) 書
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設(shè)計(jì)（論文）題目：
圓梳機(jī)中自動(dòng)取落綿裝置設(shè)計(jì)
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學(xué)生姓名：
專????業(yè)：
所在學(xué)院：
指導(dǎo)教師：
職????稱：
發(fā)任務(wù)書日期：年月日
任務(wù)書填寫要求
1．畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）任務(wù)書由指導(dǎo)教師根據(jù)各課題的具體情況填寫，經(jīng)學(xué)生所在專業(yè)的負(fù)責(zé)人審查、系（院）領(lǐng)導(dǎo)簽字后生效。此任務(wù)書應(yīng)在畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）開始前一周內(nèi)填好并發(fā)給學(xué)生。
2．任務(wù)書內(nèi)容必須用黑墨水筆工整書寫，不得涂改或潦草書寫；或者按教務(wù)處統(tǒng)一設(shè)計(jì)的電子文檔標(biāo)準(zhǔn)格式（可從教務(wù)處網(wǎng)頁上下載）打印，要求正文小4號(hào)宋體，1.5倍行距，禁止打印在其它紙上剪貼。
3．任務(wù)書內(nèi)填寫的內(nèi)容，必須和學(xué)生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）完成的情況相一致，若有變更，應(yīng)當(dāng)經(jīng)過所在專業(yè)及系（院）主管領(lǐng)導(dǎo)審批后方可重新填寫。
4．任務(wù)書內(nèi)有關(guān)“學(xué)院”、“專業(yè)”等名稱的填寫，應(yīng)寫中文全稱，不能寫數(shù)字代碼。學(xué)生的“學(xué)號(hào)”要寫全號(hào)，不能只寫最后2位或1位數(shù)字。
5．任務(wù)書內(nèi)“主要參考文獻(xiàn)”的填寫，應(yīng)按照《金陵科技學(xué)院本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）撰寫規(guī)范》的要求書寫。
?6．有關(guān)年月日等日期的填寫，應(yīng)當(dāng)按照國標(biāo)GB/T 7408—94《數(shù)據(jù)元和交換格式、信息交換、日期和時(shí)間表示法》規(guī)定的要求，一律用阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字書寫。如“2002年4月2日”或“2002-04-02”。
畢 業(yè) 設(shè) 計(jì)（論 文）任 務(wù) 書
1．本畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）課題應(yīng)達(dá)到的目的：
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鍛煉學(xué)生分析解決問題的能力，培養(yǎng)學(xué)生綜合運(yùn)用所學(xué)知識(shí)，結(jié)合具體的科學(xué)問題而獨(dú)立解決問題的能力。全面系統(tǒng)地對(duì)學(xué)生進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)方法和研究方法的基本訓(xùn)練，培養(yǎng)學(xué)生綜合運(yùn)用所學(xué)基礎(chǔ)理論、專業(yè)知識(shí)和各項(xiàng)技能，著重培養(yǎng)設(shè)計(jì)、計(jì)算、分析問題和解決問題的能力，進(jìn)而總結(jié)、歸納和獲得合理結(jié)論，進(jìn)行較為系統(tǒng)的工程訓(xùn)練，初步鍛煉科研能力，提高論文撰寫和技術(shù)表述能力，為實(shí)際工作奠定基礎(chǔ)，達(dá)到人才培養(yǎng)的目的和要求。
著重地培養(yǎng)以下幾方面能力：
1．調(diào)查研究、中外文獻(xiàn)檢索、閱讀與翻譯的能力；
2．綜合運(yùn)用基礎(chǔ)理論、專業(yè)理論和知識(shí)分析解決實(shí)際問題的能力；
3．查閱和使用專業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè)的能力；
4．設(shè)計(jì)、計(jì)算與繪圖的能力，包括使用計(jì)算機(jī)進(jìn)行繪圖的能力；
? 5．撰寫設(shè)計(jì)說明書（論文）的能力。
2．本畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）課題任務(wù)的內(nèi)容和要求（包括原始數(shù)據(jù)、技術(shù)要求、工作要求等）：
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1 設(shè)計(jì)從圓梳機(jī)上取下落棉的機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)
2 必要的力學(xué)計(jì)算
3 取落棉的機(jī)構(gòu)運(yùn)動(dòng)仿真
畢 業(yè) 設(shè) 計(jì)（論 文）任 務(wù) 書
3．對(duì)本畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）課題成果的要求〔包括圖表、實(shí)物等硬件要求〕：
1、撰寫中、英文翻譯一份；
2、撰寫開題報(bào)告一份；
3、相關(guān)裝配圖及其主要零件圖一套
4、控制流程圖
5、外文參考資料譯文（附原文）
6、鼓勵(lì)做拓展性研究
4．主要參考文獻(xiàn)：
[1]蔡一本. 提高絹紡圓梳梳折和精綿質(zhì)量的試驗(yàn)研究[J]. 紡織學(xué)報(bào),1988,08:5-8+3.
[2]潘福奎,馬志友,馬步虎. 毛紡精梳機(jī)圓梳梳理效能的研究[J]. 毛紡科技,1999,05:50-51.
[3]姜宏. 絹紡制綿用頭道圓梳機(jī)生產(chǎn)Ⅱ號(hào)綿的工藝探討[J]. 絲綢,1999,01:35-37+5.
[4]唐劍鋒. 圓梳、精梳結(jié)合制綿工藝的實(shí)踐[J]. 絲綢,1999,04:23-25+3-4.
[5]李淑青. 改進(jìn)制綿工藝提高梳綿制成率的實(shí)踐[J]. 江蘇絲綢,1997,05:5-6+14.
[6]周林松,曹建林. 圓梳機(jī)加壓滑輪的改進(jìn)[J]. 絲綢,1997,07:61.
[7]盛承華. 提高絹紡圓梳機(jī)制成率[J]. 絲綢,1983,07:11-14.
[8]徐燕君. 南通市絹紡行業(yè)的現(xiàn)狀及振興對(duì)策[J]. 江蘇絲綢,2000,04:26-27+31.
[9]胡德仲,候俊英. 絹紡線上紡制短麻條的實(shí)踐[J]. 黑龍江紡織,2000,03:6-7.
[10]劉華平. 海安縣繭絲綢產(chǎn)業(yè)的現(xiàn)狀與思考(上)[J]. 江蘇絲綢,2012,02:26-35.
[11]吳紅玲,蔣少軍,丁麗文. 精梳機(jī)梳理化纖條圓梳針排的改裝[J]. 紡織器材,2006,S1:50-51.
[12]劉莉. 紡機(jī)創(chuàng)新實(shí)錄[J]. 中國纖檢,2011,14:82-83.
[13]王繼榮,曲麗君. 毛紡精梳機(jī)裝配式圓梳及頂梳梳理效果研究(英文)[J]. 青島大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(工程技術(shù)版),2002,03:33-36.
[14]王樹惠,徐春葉,李龍,韓惠民. 新型裝配式整體圓梳頂梳結(jié)構(gòu)及其梳理性能的研究[J]. 西北紡織工學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào),1994,01:16-22.
畢 業(yè) 設(shè) 計(jì)（論 文）任 務(wù) 書
5．本畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）課題工作進(jìn)度計(jì)劃：
2015.12.13—2016.03.09? 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)調(diào)研；開題報(bào)告；英文翻譯；
2016.03.10—2016.04.06?? 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)查閱；收集資料；論文提綱；
2016.04.07—2016.05.04?? 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)驗(yàn)方案程序設(shè)計(jì)與優(yōu)化；
2016.05.05—2016.05.11?? 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)全套材料；
2016.05.12—2016.05.17??畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)論文預(yù)審；畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)答辯；
所在專業(yè)審查意見：
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負(fù)責(zé)人： ??????????? ?2016? 年??? 1 ?月???18 ?日
畢 業(yè) 設(shè) 計(jì)（論 文）開 題 報(bào) 告
設(shè)計(jì)（論文）題目：
圓梳機(jī)中自動(dòng)取落綿裝置設(shè)計(jì)
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學(xué)生姓名：
專????業(yè)：
所在學(xué)院：
指導(dǎo)教師：
職????稱：
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開題報(bào)告填寫要求
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1．開題報(bào)告（含“文獻(xiàn)綜述”）作為畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）答辯委員會(huì)對(duì)學(xué)生答辯資格審查的依據(jù)材料之一。此報(bào)告應(yīng)在指導(dǎo)教師指導(dǎo)下，由學(xué)生在畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）工作前期內(nèi)完成，經(jīng)指導(dǎo)教師簽署意見及所在專業(yè)審查后生效；
2．開題報(bào)告內(nèi)容必須用黑墨水筆工整書寫或按教務(wù)處統(tǒng)一設(shè)計(jì)的電子文檔標(biāo)準(zhǔn)格式打印，禁止打印在其它紙上后剪貼，完成后應(yīng)及時(shí)交給指導(dǎo)教師簽署意見；
3．“文獻(xiàn)綜述”應(yīng)按論文的框架成文，并直接書寫（或打?。┰诒鹃_題報(bào)告第一欄目內(nèi)，學(xué)生寫文獻(xiàn)綜述的參考文獻(xiàn)應(yīng)不少于15篇（不包括辭典、手冊(cè)）；
4．有關(guān)年月日等日期的填寫，應(yīng)當(dāng)按照國標(biāo)GB/T 7408—94《數(shù)據(jù)元和交換格式、信息交換、日期和時(shí)間表示法》規(guī)定的要求，一律用阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字書寫。如“2004年4月26日”或“2004-04-26”。
5、開題報(bào)告（文獻(xiàn)綜述）字體請(qǐng)按宋體、小四號(hào)書寫，行間距1.5倍。
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畢 業(yè) 設(shè) 計(jì)（論文） 開 題 報(bào) 告
1．結(jié)合畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）課題情況，根據(jù)所查閱的文獻(xiàn)資料，每人撰寫不少于1000字左右的文獻(xiàn)綜述：
一、前言圓梳機(jī)用于加工棉纖維和化學(xué)纖維，屬于紡織機(jī)械。按照紡紗工藝流程，梳棉是一道重要的工序。圓梳機(jī)的前道工序是開清棉聯(lián)合機(jī)，后道工序是并條機(jī)（普梳工藝流程）或條卷機(jī)（精梳工藝流程）。原棉或棉型化纖經(jīng)開清棉工序后制成的棉卷或棉層中，纖維多呈束、塊狀，且有不少雜質(zhì)，還需要進(jìn)行細(xì)致的梳理加工。梳理機(jī)的作用就是通過細(xì)致的梳理將束、塊狀纖維進(jìn)一步分解成單纖維狀態(tài)，清除雜質(zhì)和疵點(diǎn)，并制成一定規(guī)格的卷裝。因此，蓋板梳理機(jī)的任務(wù)是： ? 1、梳理：對(duì)束、塊狀纖維進(jìn)行細(xì)致的梳理，使其分離成單纖維狀態(tài)，并盡可能使纖維伸直平行； ? 2、除雜：進(jìn)一步清除喂入半制品內(nèi)的雜質(zhì)、疵點(diǎn)和部分短纖維； ? 3、混和：在分離成單根纖維的前提下，對(duì)不同性狀和比例的纖維進(jìn)行充分地混和，以便制成均勻的梳棉條； ? 4、成條：為便于下道工序加工、儲(chǔ)存和運(yùn)輸，將纖維制成符合一定規(guī)格和質(zhì)量要求的棉條（俗稱生條），并有規(guī)律的圈放在條筒內(nèi)。梳理作用的實(shí)現(xiàn)主要是依靠針齒對(duì)纖維的作用。兩個(gè)對(duì)纖維有一定握持力且具較小隔距的針齒面作相對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)，纖維在其中受到兩個(gè)針齒面的共同作用，從而被扯松、梳理。我國用于梳棉技術(shù)裝備落后,勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率低。我國絹紡生產(chǎn)技術(shù)裝備中,30年代、50年代的老設(shè)備占60 % 以上,原料精練、制綿基本上為手工操作,半機(jī)械化操作,勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度高,與國外先進(jìn)水平相比差距很大。二、研究意義紡織業(yè)是我國國民經(jīng)濟(jì)傳統(tǒng)的支柱產(chǎn)業(yè)和重要的民生產(chǎn)業(yè)，也是國際競爭優(yōu)勢(shì)明顯的產(chǎn)業(yè)。它在繁榮市場、擴(kuò)大出口、吸納就業(yè)、增加農(nóng)民收入等方面都發(fā)揮著重要的作用。隨著中國加入WTO以來中國成為了全球紡織領(lǐng)域中最引人注目的地區(qū)之一，同時(shí)紡織業(yè)也成為中國入世后的強(qiáng)勢(shì)產(chǎn)業(yè)。我國經(jīng)過自身多年的努力發(fā)展，具備了世界上較完整的產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈、較高的加工配套水平、眾多發(fā)達(dá)的產(chǎn)業(yè)集群地和不斷增強(qiáng)的應(yīng)對(duì)市場風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的自我調(diào)節(jié)能力，給行業(yè)保持穩(wěn)健的發(fā)展步伐提供了堅(jiān)實(shí)的保障。近年來,我國絹紡工業(yè)利用自身的技術(shù)優(yōu)勢(shì),研究出絹紡低溫精練工藝,開發(fā)出絹紡自動(dòng)精練控制系統(tǒng),通過改造研究出一套適合我國絹紡原料加工的制綿新工藝生產(chǎn)線,開發(fā)出絹紡單錫林梳綿機(jī)。許多絹紡廠引進(jìn)了國外自調(diào)勻整高速針梳機(jī),氣接自動(dòng)絡(luò)筒機(jī),有捻并絲機(jī)和倍捻機(jī)等先進(jìn)設(shè)備,大大地提高了產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量,增強(qiáng)了我國絹紡加工手段,為我國絹紡工業(yè)參與國際競爭提供了可靠的技術(shù)保證。由此可見，推進(jìn)技術(shù)進(jìn)步,加快技術(shù)改造對(duì)我國絹紡機(jī)械來說是必不可少的！三、研究現(xiàn)狀從20世紀(jì)后期，高產(chǎn)梳棉機(jī)逐步發(fā)展發(fā)展起來。其在梳理技術(shù)、自動(dòng)監(jiān)控技術(shù)、在線檢測(cè)技術(shù)、負(fù)壓吸塵技術(shù)以及安全生產(chǎn)技術(shù)方面都得到了很大的發(fā)展;不僅轉(zhuǎn)速日益增高，產(chǎn)量也一增再增，尤其是產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量有了明顯的進(jìn)步，生條結(jié)雜少，重量不勻率降低，為紡好紗織好布奠定了堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)[}os}。新型高產(chǎn)梳棉機(jī)主要具有以下技術(shù)特征： (1>提高錫林機(jī)構(gòu)的轉(zhuǎn)速。 (2)增加了在線調(diào)整蓋板一錫林機(jī)構(gòu)的隔距及在線磨針技術(shù)。 (3)設(shè)置在線監(jiān)測(cè)棉結(jié)、自調(diào)勻整、檢測(cè)各部件的運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)速度及產(chǎn)量等數(shù)據(jù)的裝置，并及時(shí)進(jìn)行屏幕顯示。 (4)應(yīng)用喂入部分的三刺輥技術(shù)，增加了錫林機(jī)構(gòu)開松、除雜的效果和減輕了主梳理區(qū)的除雜負(fù)擔(dān)，為錫林機(jī)構(gòu)的增速創(chuàng)造了條件。 (5)應(yīng)用變頻或伺服控制技術(shù)，使主要回轉(zhuǎn)部件利用電子技術(shù)來控制相互的速比。 (6)改善安全防護(hù)措施，如:高速回轉(zhuǎn)的錫林機(jī)構(gòu)重為1.5t，在60s內(nèi)可剎車停止運(yùn)行。在梳棉機(jī)上在安全門罩上裝有電子鎖，只有當(dāng)機(jī)器停穩(wěn)后才能打開電子鎖。 (7)增加錫林機(jī)構(gòu)的幅寬?？傊?，現(xiàn)代化梳棉機(jī)與過去傳統(tǒng)梳棉機(jī)相比，速度更快，梳理效果更好，生條質(zhì)量更優(yōu)。新型的梳棉技術(shù)，給梳棉機(jī)行業(yè)注入了新的血液，給紡織工業(yè)帶來了新的動(dòng)力。 21世紀(jì)，實(shí)現(xiàn)梳棉機(jī)的高產(chǎn)、優(yōu)質(zhì)成為國內(nèi)外紡機(jī)制造廠的重點(diǎn)研究對(duì)象。目前國內(nèi)、外紡織行業(yè)普遍采用模塊化、人性化設(shè)計(jì)以及抬高錫林機(jī)構(gòu)，加寬機(jī)幅和增加梳理面積等新技術(shù)來實(shí)現(xiàn)梳棉機(jī)的高產(chǎn)、優(yōu)質(zhì)。四、研究內(nèi)容本課題來自南通海安縣富有絹紡織有限公司，該設(shè)計(jì)課題是實(shí)現(xiàn)圓梳機(jī)中滾筒取落綿的自動(dòng)化，即設(shè)計(jì)從圓梳機(jī)上取下落棉的機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)，并進(jìn)行必要的力學(xué)計(jì)算。具體如下： 1）查閱有關(guān)資料，學(xué)習(xí)有關(guān)圓梳機(jī)的知識(shí) 2）熟悉圓梳機(jī)的任務(wù)和工藝流程； 3）圓梳機(jī)的主要結(jié)構(gòu)和主要作用； 4）設(shè)計(jì)取代人工操作的機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)； 5）出圖，用SolidWorks等軟件進(jìn)行實(shí)體造型； 6）對(duì)實(shí)體進(jìn)行分析，并做必要的力學(xué)計(jì)算；參考文獻(xiàn)： [1]蔡一本.?提高絹紡圓梳梳折和精綿質(zhì)量的試驗(yàn)研究[J].?紡織學(xué)報(bào),1988,08:5-8+3. [2]潘福奎,馬志友,馬步虎.?毛紡精梳機(jī)圓梳梳理效能的研究[J].?毛紡科技,1999,05:50-51. [3]姜宏.?絹紡制綿用頭道圓梳機(jī)生產(chǎn)Ⅱ號(hào)綿的工藝探討[J].?絲綢,1999,01:35-37+5. [4]唐劍鋒.?圓梳、精梳結(jié)合制綿工藝的實(shí)踐[J].?絲綢,1999,04:23-25+3-4. [5]李淑青.?改進(jìn)制綿工藝提高梳綿制成率的實(shí)踐[J].?江蘇絲綢,1997,05:5-6+14. [6]周林松,曹建林.?圓梳機(jī)加壓滑輪的改進(jìn)[J].?絲綢,1997,07:61. [7]盛承華.?提高絹紡圓梳機(jī)制成率[J].?絲綢,1983,07:11-14. [8]徐燕君.?南通市絹紡行業(yè)的現(xiàn)狀及振興對(duì)策[J].?江蘇絲綢,2000,04:26-27+31. [9]胡德仲,候俊英.?絹紡線上紡制短麻條的實(shí)踐[J].?黑龍江紡織,2000,03:6-7. [10]劉華平.?海安縣繭絲綢產(chǎn)業(yè)的現(xiàn)狀與思考(上)[J].?江蘇絲綢,2012,02:26-35. [11]吳紅玲,蔣少軍,丁麗文.?精梳機(jī)梳理化纖條圓梳針排的改裝[J].?紡織器材,2006,S1:50-51. [12]劉莉.?紡機(jī)創(chuàng)新實(shí)錄[J].?中國纖檢,2011,14:82-83. [13]王繼榮,曲麗君.?毛紡精梳機(jī)裝配式圓梳及頂梳梳理效果研究(英文)[J].?青島大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(工程技術(shù)版),2002,03:33-36. [14]王樹惠,徐春葉,李龍,韓惠民.?新型裝配式整體圓梳頂梳結(jié)構(gòu)及其梳理性能的研究[J].?西北紡織工學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào),1994,01:16-22. [15]絹紡學(xué)，中國紡織大學(xué) 絹紡教研室，1986.12.
畢 業(yè) 設(shè) 計(jì)（論文） 開 題 報(bào) 告
2．本課題要研究或解決的問題和擬采用的研究手段（途徑）：
1. 本課題要研究或解決的問題本課題是針對(duì)圓梳機(jī)的自動(dòng)化的研究。由于現(xiàn)有的圓梳機(jī)生產(chǎn)效率低下，并且很多地方需要人工手動(dòng)操作，因此關(guān)于圓梳機(jī)自動(dòng)化的研究勢(shì)在必行！本課題的目的就是設(shè)計(jì)出圓梳機(jī)中自動(dòng)取落綿的機(jī)械裝置。 2. 研究方法、途徑和步驟（1）研究方法和途徑 1）查閱資料，翻譯英文資料認(rèn)真研究獲得的有關(guān)絹紡機(jī)械和與圓梳機(jī)有關(guān)的專著、學(xué)術(shù)期刊和學(xué)位論文，從中間獲取當(dāng)代圓梳機(jī)相關(guān)設(shè)計(jì)的前沿資料和先進(jìn)技術(shù)，并且借鑒其機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)方法，用于自己的設(shè)計(jì)當(dāng)中；對(duì)于英文文獻(xiàn)資料應(yīng)該對(duì)其進(jìn)行翻譯，結(jié)合課題，對(duì)其進(jìn)行利用。 2）熟練掌握設(shè)計(jì)所需的內(nèi)容復(fù)習(xí)以前所學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)有關(guān)的專業(yè)知識(shí)，并熟練的運(yùn)用到設(shè)計(jì)中去。還要學(xué)習(xí)一些設(shè)計(jì)中所用到的其它方面的知識(shí)，如：利用AutoCAD進(jìn)行二維圖的繪制和利用SolidWorks等軟件進(jìn)行實(shí)體造型以及力學(xué)性能相關(guān)特性的了解等。（2）設(shè)計(jì)步驟 1）查閱有關(guān)資料，學(xué)習(xí)有關(guān)圓梳機(jī)的知識(shí) 2）熟悉圓梳機(jī)的任務(wù)和工藝流程； 3）圓梳機(jī)的主要結(jié)構(gòu)和主要作用； 4）設(shè)計(jì)取代人工操作的機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)； 5）出圖，用SolidWorks等軟件進(jìn)行實(shí)體造型； 6）對(duì)實(shí)體進(jìn)行分析，并做必要的力學(xué)計(jì)算；
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指導(dǎo)教師意見：
1．對(duì)“文獻(xiàn)綜述”的評(píng)語：
文獻(xiàn)檢索全面，分析合理。
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2．對(duì)本課題的深度、廣度及工作量的意見和對(duì)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）結(jié)果的預(yù)測(cè)：
同意繼續(xù)課題研究。
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紡織機(jī)械裝備的發(fā)展
紡織機(jī)械是為紡織工業(yè)生產(chǎn)建設(shè)服務(wù)的行業(yè)，我國紡織工業(yè)發(fā)展的設(shè)備基礎(chǔ)，從建國開始就明確立足于國內(nèi)的原則，目前我國棉紡設(shè)備總量超過4千萬錠，織機(jī)總量超過100萬臺(tái)，擁有量均居世界第1位，其中90％以上由國內(nèi)自行制造提供。我國紡織機(jī)械工業(yè)經(jīng)過40多年的努力，已能自己生產(chǎn)棉紡、毛紡、麻紡、絲絹、織造、染整、化纖、針織、非織造布、服裝等紡織機(jī)械和紡織專用儀器、器材等15個(gè)行業(yè)1700多個(gè)品種的成套設(shè)備，形成了一定的能力規(guī)模和制造體系。但從總體上講，我國紡織機(jī)械和國際先進(jìn)水平相比，仍有著較大的差距，品種、質(zhì)量和設(shè)備的成套水平，遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)跟不上我國紡織工業(yè)發(fā)展的新形勢(shì)，具體表現(xiàn)在低水平設(shè)備的生產(chǎn)能力有余，高水平設(shè)備的生產(chǎn)能力不足或還不能生產(chǎn)，需要改進(jìn)提高。
紡織機(jī)械是紡織纖維加工的專用機(jī)械，各類纖維從原料處理、生產(chǎn)到制成在市場銷售的紡織成品有著各自的加工特征和加工系統(tǒng)，具有工藝流程長、工藝技術(shù)復(fù)雜、機(jī)械設(shè)備成套性強(qiáng)，在長時(shí)間連續(xù)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)條件下，為保證紡織產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量，設(shè)備必須具有高可靠性、穩(wěn)定性和一致性。
（1）工藝流程長、工藝技術(shù)復(fù)雜、設(shè)備成套性強(qiáng)。紡織產(chǎn)品的加工工藝基本原理是將纖維原料均勻喂入，進(jìn)行開松、除雜、混和、梳理成條、混和并條、粗紡、精紡成為紗線；再將紗線經(jīng)過絡(luò)筒、整理、漿紗、穿筘、織造或針織成布，然后將布經(jīng)煉漂、染色或印花、后整理加工制成服裝用面料、襯里以及其他不同的用途。除了前后道生產(chǎn)主機(jī)的成套性要求外，還需要有一系列輔機(jī)和檢測(cè)儀器的配套，如整個(gè)流程的通風(fēng)、吸塵、濾塵、落紗設(shè)備等等。為使一個(gè)紡織工廠能投入正常、穩(wěn)定生產(chǎn)，所用設(shè)備必須前后、左右相互配套，銜接工藝要求。由于成套紡織機(jī)械品種多，關(guān)鍵零部件和專件多，批量大，不可能在一、二個(gè)企業(yè)中組織成套生產(chǎn)。所以紡織機(jī)械工業(yè)在開始創(chuàng)建時(shí)不僅重視成套設(shè)備的開發(fā)，又按成臺(tái)機(jī)械、專配件進(jìn)行專業(yè)化分工，在全國范圍內(nèi)采取協(xié)作成套的原則組織生產(chǎn)。與此同時(shí)，重視了紡織機(jī)械的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化、通用化和系列化并形成系統(tǒng)，對(duì)實(shí)現(xiàn)專業(yè)分工、全國配套工作起著推動(dòng)和促進(jìn)作用。
（2）可靠性、穩(wěn)定性、一致性要求高。紡織工業(yè)生產(chǎn)特點(diǎn)之一是普遍采用日夜三班連續(xù)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的方式，部分化纖設(shè)備要求年連續(xù)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)8000h不中斷。紡織機(jī)械在長期連續(xù)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)條件下必須可靠、穩(wěn)定。即機(jī)械的無故障率要高，運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)要穩(wěn)定。以染色機(jī)械為例，在同批坯布和染料條件下，須具有速度、壓力、溫度、液流等工藝參數(shù)的較高穩(wěn)定性，以防止成品出現(xiàn)色差、掉色或染色不勻等缺陷。鑄鐵件在紡織機(jī)械零件中目前仍占有較大比重（紡機(jī)、織機(jī)一般達(dá)40％～60％），鑄件一般是壁薄、形狀復(fù)雜、要求表面光潔，少沾纖維和便于清掃。制造工藝水平是保證整臺(tái)機(jī)械的穩(wěn)定性和一致性的前提，現(xiàn)代紡織機(jī)械要通過整機(jī)裝配和機(jī)械運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，驗(yàn)證其能否符合“三性”要求，從而保證出廠機(jī)械的質(zhì)量。
（3）工業(yè)衛(wèi)生和三廢防治要求高。在紡織工業(yè)生產(chǎn)過程中一般會(huì)產(chǎn)生粉塵和飛花（棉毛麻等短纖維），如不加以處理，會(huì)嚴(yán)重污染生產(chǎn)環(huán)境，損害操作人員的身體健康，影響產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量，甚至有可能發(fā)生粉塵燃爆事故，造成人身傷亡和財(cái)產(chǎn)損失。（A）以下，努力降低生產(chǎn)車間的總體噪聲。在化纖和印染生產(chǎn)過程中會(huì)產(chǎn)生工業(yè)廢水、廢液，造成環(huán)境污染，要求紡織機(jī)械做到少排放、多回收利用。
隨著紡織工業(yè)的發(fā)展，從70年代開始，國際紡織品由一般產(chǎn)品向優(yōu)質(zhì)、高檔、高附加值產(chǎn)品的方向發(fā)展，從而推動(dòng)各種優(yōu)質(zhì)、高效、自動(dòng)化程度高、用人少的新型紡織機(jī)械的研究開發(fā)，進(jìn)一步促進(jìn)和加快紡織機(jī)械的技術(shù)進(jìn)步。當(dāng)前各大類紡織機(jī)械的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)大體如下。
（1）紡紗機(jī)械繼續(xù)向優(yōu)質(zhì)、高產(chǎn)、高效和連續(xù)化、自動(dòng)化方向發(fā)展。如棉紡機(jī)械普遍采用多包細(xì)抓、均勻混和、逐漸開松、多梳少打、雜質(zhì)早落、少傷纖維的抓、清梳聯(lián)合機(jī)，全過程采用計(jì)算機(jī)監(jiān)測(cè)、監(jiān)控，梳棉配置復(fù)合式自調(diào)勻整裝置以保證生條的均勻度。近幾年，工業(yè)發(fā)達(dá)國家為實(shí)現(xiàn)紡紗行業(yè)由勞動(dòng)密集型向技術(shù)密集型方向轉(zhuǎn)變，紡紗機(jī)械的連續(xù)化、自動(dòng)化得到迅速提高，如自動(dòng)開棉包和連續(xù)抓棉、開清梳聯(lián)合機(jī)和細(xì)紗絡(luò)筒聯(lián)合機(jī)，梳棉、精梳、并條、粗紗和細(xì)紗之間已實(shí)現(xiàn)了工序間無人運(yùn)輸車或吊掛裝置將半成品送到下道工序的自動(dòng)運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)，初步滿足了無人或少人紡紗車間的需要。此外，轉(zhuǎn)杯紡紗機(jī)、平行紡紗機(jī)、摩擦紡紗機(jī)和噴氣紡紗機(jī)等新型紡紗機(jī)械近年發(fā)展迅速，日趨成熟。
（2）織造機(jī)械由于無梭織機(jī)具有入緯率高、優(yōu)質(zhì)、高效、品種適應(yīng)性廣、噪聲低等優(yōu)點(diǎn)，已成為世界各國采用的主要機(jī)型。此外，計(jì)算機(jī)輔助紋織設(shè)計(jì)，電子多臂和電子提花裝置的推廣應(yīng)用也是織造技術(shù)現(xiàn)代化的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)。針織機(jī)械隨著針織品的發(fā)展，近年來在性能、速度和機(jī)電一體化水平方面有很大提高，微機(jī)控制織物花型已普遍采用。
（3）染整機(jī)械的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)是在廣泛應(yīng)用電子技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)上強(qiáng)化染整工藝條件的實(shí)現(xiàn)，在整個(gè)生產(chǎn)過程中加強(qiáng)在線檢測(cè)，進(jìn)一步自動(dòng)控制生產(chǎn)工藝條件，向優(yōu)質(zhì)、高效、多功能、小浴比、節(jié)能和減少公害方向發(fā)展。整理機(jī)械主要是發(fā)揮化學(xué)整理和機(jī)械整理的特點(diǎn)，有時(shí)是相互交替，增添整理功能，為提高織物檔次、改善織物服用性能和滿足特殊功能的要求，進(jìn)一步提高織物的附加值。
（4）化學(xué)纖維的發(fā)展是開發(fā)新品種、高質(zhì)量、多功能、仿真和高附加值產(chǎn)品?；瘜W(xué)纖維機(jī)械中合成纖維機(jī)械的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)是繼續(xù)向高速、高效、大容量、短流程、自動(dòng)化方向發(fā)展，使纖維生產(chǎn)達(dá)到穩(wěn)產(chǎn)、高產(chǎn)、少人操作、便于變換產(chǎn)品品種。粘膠纖維機(jī)械向連續(xù)、自動(dòng)化、高速、大容量、節(jié)能和少污染方向發(fā)展。我國化纖機(jī)械為提高技術(shù)水平，需結(jié)合我國國情重點(diǎn)發(fā)展：
1）開發(fā)大生產(chǎn)能力腈綸成套設(shè)備。在完成干法腈綸成套設(shè)備的同時(shí)，進(jìn)一步開發(fā)二步法濕法腈綸紡絲成套設(shè)備；
2）開發(fā)生產(chǎn)滌綸差別化纖維和微細(xì)纖維、超細(xì)纖維的成套設(shè)備以及年產(chǎn)3萬t能力的滌綸成套設(shè)備；
3）開發(fā)年生產(chǎn)能力5000t的錦綸6聚合、紡絲成套設(shè)備；
4）開發(fā)新型錦、滌綸工業(yè)用絲成套設(shè)備；
5）開發(fā)年生產(chǎn)能力2萬t的粘膠短纖維前處理和紡絲生產(chǎn)線以及新型粘膠長絲設(shè)備。加快企業(yè)自身技術(shù)改造，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)代制造技術(shù)和加工設(shè)備，掌握現(xiàn)代企業(yè)管理方法，能根據(jù)市場需要，努力開發(fā)新的紡織機(jī)械產(chǎn)品，及時(shí)提供水平高又符合我國國情的紡織機(jī)械，更好地為我國紡織工業(yè)的現(xiàn)代化服務(wù)。
Development of spinning and weaving machinery
Spinning and weaving machinery is to be that textile industry produces the industry that construction serves, equipment basis that our country textile industry develops, from building up a country beginning to keep a foothold in domestic principle definitely, our country cotton spinning equipment all quantity exceeds 40 million ingots at present , loom all quantity exceeds 1 million , own amounts occupy the 1st world without exception , provide among them above 90% from in the homeland proper motion fabrication. Our country spinning and weaving mechanical industry by efforts made for more than 40 years, already can self have produced cotton spinning , wool spinning , bast fibre spinning , silk 15 industry more than 1,700 breed complete sets of equipment such as thin tough silk , instrument , equipment and material weaving , dyeing the round number , chemical fiber , spinning and weaving machinery and spinning and weaving special use knitting , must weave cloth , uniforms , etc., have formed certain ability scale and have created system. Our country spinning and weaving machinery and advanced international level are compared with each other , still are have bigger gap but from talking as a whole,breed , mass and equipment level in complete set, cannot keep abreast with the new circumstances that our country textile industry develops over, the efficiency showing concretely in low level equipment is odd , high tone equipment efficiency is insufficient or can not give birth to a child , need to improve rise.
spinning and weaving machinery is the special use machinery that spinning and weaving fibre processes , the finished product fibre of all kinds is produced from the material handling, to manufacturing spinning and weaving selling in marketplace has the respective treating characteristic and processes system, have the process flow is long , the technology is complicated , the machinery equipment complete set is strong, under longtime continuous duty condition, be ensure that spinning and weaving product quality , equipment must have high reliability , stability and compatibility. (1) process flow is long , the technology is complicated , the equipment complete set is strong. Spinning and weaving product treating handicraft basal principle is that fibre raw material is entered homogeneously hey , carry out an opening , comb able strip , blend drawing out , the roving except miscellaneous , blending,spinning become yarn; Again, yarn is tempered with fire by that spooling, arranging , the sizing , denting , the cloth weaving or knitting Cheng, will spread classics then bleaching , is arranges manufacture a clothing from plus material , lining and other different use of treating behind dyeing or the revenue stamp. Except that the front and back says that the complete set producing a lead plane's demands, need to forming a complete set having a series of auxiliary engine and detecting instrument, if entire technological process ventilation , dust absorption, filter dust , doff equipment etc. Be made a spinning and weaving factory can throw into giving birth to a child, regular , stable by be made a spinning and weaving factory can throw into giving birth to a child regular , stable, technological requirements. Key component and part and the end document are many , batches are big since the spinning and weaving machinery breed in complete set is many,organization gives birth to a child in complete set impossibly in one, two enterprise. Therefore spinning and weaving mechanical industry establishes the exploitation taking complete sets of equipment seriously now and then not only in beginning, the accessory carries out division of labour on the basis of specialization according to becoming platform machinery , end , adopts the principle organization in complete set who cooperates within the whole nation range giving birth to a child. Meanwhile, have taken spinning and weaving machinery normalizing seriously , be applied or used universally-rization preparing the system being seriated and taking form, the whole nation supporting job are playing drive and promote role to realizing division of labour based on specialization. (2) reliability , stabilities , compatibility demand height. That textile industry produces one of characteristic is common adopt Class Three continuous duty way , part chemical fiber equipment demand annual continuous duty 8000 hs blocks of wood be interrupted day and night. Spinning and weaving machinery must reliable , stabilize under long range continuous duty condition. The fault-free rates being machinery ask height , the travel to need to stabilize. Take dyeing machinery as example , must have higher technological parameter stabilities such as speed , pressure , the temperature , liquid stream, to prevent from chromatic aberration , defects such as fading or dyeing not dividing evenly appearing on finished product under same batch of grey cloth and dyestuff condition. At present still, iron casting occupies bigger specific gravity (spinning machine , amounts to 40% ~ like the loom in spinning and weaving machinery parts 60%), be wall like casting slightly, the form is complicated , require that outside is bright and clean, stop being stained with fibre and easy to clean. Creating technological level is to swear to rectify platform the machinery stability and compatibility premise , modern spinning and weaving machinery is going to work by complete machine assembling and machinery, mass verifying whose being able to conform to "three nature " requests , to swear to leave the factory thereby or not machinery. (3)Prevention and cure demands industrial hygienes and the three wastes highly. May produce dust and flying (the linter hemp waits for a staple), if not handling in general in textile industry procedure of production, meeting contaminate a production environment gravely, damage operation personnel good health , affect product quality, be in the cards dust happened burning exploding even the accident, brings about person casualties and property loss. (A) the following , effort reduce the noise producing workshop's population. The meeting produces the industrial sewage , waste liquid , brings about environmental pollution in chemical fiber and printing and dyeing procedure of production, require that spinning and weaving machinery achieves stopping discharging , many reclaim make use of.
With the development of textile industry, begin from the seventies, the textile goods faces an international from general product high grade , top grade , the high value-added products direction develop , drive various high grade thereby, high-effect, automation degree is high , little servant new model spinning and weaving machinery research and development , further, promotes and accelerates spinning and weaving machinery technological progress. Currently respectively big kind spinning and weaving machinery developing trend cardinal principle as follows. (1) spinning machinery continues to high grade , high yield , the high-effect sum melts in a row , automation direction develops. Adopt to wrap up the thin grasping grasping , blending homogeneously , combing gradually open pine , many stop since foreign substance is caducous, few wound fibre , blowing-carding machine much if cotton spinning machinery is common, the entire proceeding adopt a computer monitor, supervisory control, combs cottton from homogenizing the entire device deploying compound style to swear to grow degree of homogeneity. The industrialized country is that the reason is labor-intensive over the past few years, realize the industry spinning change to technology-intensive direction, the spinning machinery continuation melt, have automated to get prompt rise , have turned on the blowing-carding machine and the spun yarn spooling combined machine if the automation opens a bale of cotton and grasps cotton in a row, have combed cottton , have already have realized nobody's working procedure room transport cart between combing , drawing out , low count yarn and spun yarn or have said that the working procedure automation has transported system , the first step has satisfied need of unmanned or few person spinning workshop under hanging a device delivering the semi-finished product to. New model spinning machinery such as besides, rotating the cup spinning machine , the spinning machine of equal rank , rubbing the spinning machine and the jet spinning machine is be expanding by leaps and bounds in the late years , day by day mature.
(2) weaving machinery is had because of the shuttleless loom entering rates latitude height , high grade, high-effect, breed adaptability is broad , noise waits for merit low, already become the main model that all the countries in the world adopts. Besides, computer-aid lines weaves design , many arms of electron and electron jacquard weave device application and dissemination are also to weave the developing trend that the technology modernizes. Knit machinery with the development of knitted fabric , have very big rise in recent years in the field of function , speed and integration of machinery with electronics level, the type controlling the fabric flower adopt PC already commonly. (3)That dyes entire machinery developing trend is to strengthen the realization acquiring entire technological conditions on extensive use electron technology basis , reinforce online detecting in entire procedure of production, autocontrol produces technological conditions further , develop to high grade , high-effect , multifunctional , small bath ratio , energy conservation and decrease social effect of pollution direction. Arranging machinery is that bringing a chemistry into play arranging prepares the characteristic that machinery arranges , is to be superseded mutually , to add to arrange a function sometimes mainly , is to improve the fabric grade , to improve fabric wearability and to satisfy the functional peculiar request , improves the fabric additional value further. (4)Development of chemical fibre is the high value-added products developing the new breed , height mass , multifunctional , simulated sum. That diamars machinery developing trend is to continue developing to high speed , high-effect , high-capacity , short technological process , automation direction in chemical fibre machinery, makes fibre produce the reach the dependable crop , high yield , little person operation , easy to shift a product breed. Machinery prepares a viscose to continuation , automation , high speed , high-capacity , energy conservation stopping contaminating direction developing. Our country chemical fiber machinery is to improve engineering level , needs developing combining with our national condition priority: 1) develops big efficiency acrylic complete sets of equipment. While being completed doing law acrylic complete sets of equipment, wet process acrylic spinning complete sets of equipment developing two footwork further; 2) develops fibre and tiny fibre producing polyester difference-rization , surpasses thin fibrous complete sets of equipment and annual output of 30,000 t ability polyester complete sets of equipment; 3) 6 polymerization developing annual efficiency 5000 ts polyamide fibre , spinning complete sets of equipment; 4) develops the newmodel brocade , polyester industry uses silk complete sets of equipment; The year handles 5) exploitation in the efficiency 20,000 ts viscoses staple front preparing the spinning production line and new model viscose filament yarn equipment. Accelerate enterprise oneself changes its technology , apply the modern fabrication technology and process equipment, have modern enterprise office procedure in hand , can need according to the marketplace, the product making great efforts to develop new spinning and weaving machinery, provides level height in time according with our national condition spinning and weaving machinery , the modernization being our country textile industry better serves.