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A land of diversity,Unit 1,Section Ⅲ Using Language,Unit 1,Ⅰ.詞匯過關(guān) 1．________(vt.) 指出；表明；暗示→__________(n.) 指示，標(biāo)志→_________(n.) 指示物(器)；指示者 2．________(n.) 行李→(同義詞)________行李 3．________(adj.)顯而易見的；顯然的；表面上的→______________(adv.) 4．________(v.)申請；使用→___________(n.)申請人 5．___________(n.)處罰，懲罰→________(vt.) 懲罰 6．________(n.)正義；公平→________(adj.)正義的；公正的；合理的,indicate,indication,indicator,luggage,baggage,apparent,apparently,apply,applicant,punishment,punish,justice,just,7．________(v.)改革；革新→__________(n.)改革家 8．___________(n.)(公車)售票員；列車員；(車隊)指揮→________(v.)指導(dǎo)，指揮；管理 9．occur (vi.)發(fā)生；出現(xiàn)→___________________________ (同義詞或短語) 10．slip (vi.) 滑動，滑行→________/________(過去式，過去分詞)(n.) 滑動，滑倒,reform,reformist,conductor,conduct,take place/happen/come about,slipped,slipped,Ⅱ.短語自查 1．be shaped like______________ 2．draw/make a distinction________________ 3．a(chǎn) good/great many______________ 4．a(chǎn)pply for________________ 5．reform the system________________ 6．背靠背________________ 7．做評論________________ 8．與……合作或一起工作______________ 9．用線畫出范圍；標(biāo)出……界線______________ 10．包括；吸收；理解；欺騙________________,形狀像……,區(qū)分,許多；很多,申請；請示得到,改革體制,back to back,make a comment,team up with,mark out,take in,Ⅲ.經(jīng)典句式 1．________________ a couple from my hotel (Peter and Terri) and hired a car. 同飯店里的一對夫妻(彼得和泰莉)做伴，一起租了一輛小汽車。 2．There's a fascinating drive ______________ for tourists. 有一種專為旅游者選定的駕車游活動。,Ⅳ.語篇理解 Fill in the blanks according to the text GEORGE'S DIARY 12TH-14TH JUNE. GEORGE'S DIARY 12TH-14TH JUNE,答案：1.Bus 2.San Francisco Bay 3.Fisherman's Wharf 4.Exhausted 5.79km round-trip 6.Chinatown 7.museum 8.Ferry 9.Angel Island 10.the Golden Gate Bridge 11.Thoughtful,1.apparently adv.看來；顯然；顯然地；顯而易見地 ①Apparently，they are getting married soon. 很顯然，他們要結(jié)婚了。 ②I thought he had found a new job，but apparently he hasn't. 我原以為他找到了新工作，但顯然還沒有。 知識拓展 apparent adj. 顯然的；顯而易見的；表面上的 It is apparent that he knew nothing about how to repair cars. 很明顯，他對怎樣修理小汽車一竅不通。,活學(xué)活用 It is quite________that he has no intention of changing his mind. A．central B．a(chǎn)pparent C．major D．essential 答案：B apparent意思是“顯而易見的”；It is quite apparent that“……是顯而易見的”。A選項central意思是“中心的”；C選項major意思為“主要的”；D項essential意思為“基本的”。句意為“顯而易見，他不打算改變自己的主意?！?2．slip v．滑落；滑倒；悄悄疾行；溜；滑動；滑行 n．滑倒；差錯；滑動 ①As he ran up the stairs，his foot slipped and he fell. 他上樓梯時腳一滑摔倒了。 ②The thief slipped out by the back door. 那個小偷從后門溜走了。 ③One slip and you could fall to your injury. 滑倒一下你可能就會摔傷。 ④He recited the whole poem without a single slip. 他準(zhǔn)確無誤地背完了整首詩。,,知識拓展 slip out 無意說出 slip up 疏忽；不小心出錯 a slip of the tongue口誤,活學(xué)活用 (1)Boys and girls，don't throw watermelon skins about！Others might________over them and fall down. A．run B．slip C．hunt D．cry 答案：B 句意：孩子們，不要到處亂扔西瓜皮！別人踩上會滑倒摔跤的。slip“滑動；滑行；摔跤”，符合題意。run“跑”；hunt“打獵”；cry“哭”。,(2)補全句子 抱歉我說了那件事，只是無意中說出的。 I'm sorry I said that.It just________ ________. 答案：slipped out,3．hire；vt. 租用；雇用；n. 租用；租金 ①Can I hire the car for three days? 我能租這輛汽車用三天嗎？ ②The cost includes the hire of the hall. 費用包括禮堂租金。,知識拓展 let out sth. on hire 出租某物 be in the hire of sb. 為某人所雇用 work for hire 當(dāng)雇工 a hired farmhand 雇農(nóng) For Hire 空車(出租車的標(biāo)示) for/on hire 出租,比較網(wǎng)站 hire, employ與rent,She hasn't been employed (＝has not had a job) for six months now. 她現(xiàn)在已半年沒有工作了。 Is that your own computer, or do you rent it? 這電腦是你自己的，還是租來的？,活學(xué)活用 (1)完成句子 ①他父親雇了一個園藝師種花。 His father________a gardener to plant flowers. ②我哥哥經(jīng)常在夏天租船去釣魚。 During the summer，my brother often________a boat and goes fishing. 答案：①hired ②hires,(2)It is said that the headmistress________three months ago will soon________. A．hired; fired B．dismissed; be fired C．hired; be fired D．hiring; be dismissed 答案：C 句意：據(jù)說三個月前受聘的那位女校長很快就要被解雇。hire表示“雇用”；fire表示“解雇”；dismiss表示“開除”。第一個空是過去分詞作定語表示被動，第二個空用被動語態(tài)表示被解雇。,4．a(chǎn)uthority n. 權(quán)威；權(quán)力；當(dāng)局；官方 ①He is an authority on English. 他是英語方面的權(quán)威。 ②You don't have any authority for entering this house. It's private. 你們沒有權(quán)力進(jìn)入這所房子，這是住宅。 ③The authorities have taken measures to protect the trees. 當(dāng)局已經(jīng)采取措施保護(hù)這些樹。,知識拓展 ①abuse one's authority 濫用職權(quán) ②be an authority on 在……方面是權(quán)威 ③by the authority of 蒙……的許可 ④have authority over 對……有權(quán)力 ⑤in authority 權(quán)力；當(dāng)權(quán)(地位),活學(xué)活用 補全句子 (1)家長對他們的孩子具有法律權(quán)益。 Parents________legal________ ________their children. (2)這里誰管事？ Who is ________ ________here? (3)他是法國文學(xué)方面的權(quán)威。 He is________ ________ ________French literature. (4)他們無權(quán)封閉河道。 They________ ________ ________ ________close the canal.,答案：(1)have；authority over (2)in authority (3)an authority on (4)have no authority to,5．reform vt.& vi.改革；革新；改造 n．[C，U]改革；改造；改良 ①They've reformed the education system to fit in with the new situation. 他們改革了教育制度，以適應(yīng)新的形勢。 ②The reform in teaching methods is warmly welcomed by students. 教學(xué)方法的改革受到了學(xué)生們的熱烈歡迎。,知識拓展 reform the healthcare system 改革醫(yī)療保健制度 reform oneself 改過自新 education reform 教育改革 a reform in teaching methods 教學(xué)方法的改革,活學(xué)活用 補全句子 我盡量使他改過自新，但是徒勞無功。 I tried________ ________ ________，but in vain. 答案：to reform him,6．grasp vt.抓??；領(lǐng)會 n．(常用單數(shù))緊抓；領(lǐng)會；能力所及 ①Make sure you grasp the rope with both hands. 一定要用雙手抓緊繩索。 ②They failed to grasp the full significance of his remarks. 他們沒有領(lǐng)會他的話的全部意義。 ③She grasped at his coat as he rushed past her. 他從她身邊沖過去時，她使勁抓住了他的上衣。 ④Peace was not completely beyond his grasp. 和平并非完全是他力所不及的事。,知識拓展 (1)grasp sb. by the shoulders/arm/hand 抓住某人的肩膀/胳膊/手 grasp a chance/an opportunity抓住機會 grasp at sth.盡力抓住…… (2)have a good/poor grasp of.對……理解得很好/差 within one's grasp 為某人力所能及的；為某人所能理解的 beyond one's grasp＝beyond the grasp of sb. 為某人所不能理解的；為某人力所不及的,活學(xué)活用 (1)補全句子 ①如果想成功，我們必須抓住每一個機會。 We must________ ________ ________if we are to succeed. ②看來你對這個題目理解得很透徹。 You seem to________ ________ ________ ________ ________the subject. 答案：①grasp every opportunity ②have a good grasp of,(2)—Have you passed the English exam? —Well，success is ________my grasp. A．within B．a(chǎn)t C．a(chǎn)round D．on 答案：A 句意：——你這次英語考試及格了嗎？——噢，成功在我的掌控之中(即考試及格了)。within one's grasp在某人的控制之中。,7．nowhere adv.無處；到處都無 This animal is found in Australia，and nowhere else. 這種動物生長在澳大利亞，別處沒有。 知識拓展 get/go nowhere毫無進(jìn)展 nowhere to be found/seen哪兒也找不到/看不到 nowhere in sight不可能看見 get sb.nowhere(讓某人)毫無進(jìn)展,活學(xué)活用 完成句子 (1)上星期六他什么地方都沒去。 He went________last Saturday. (2)我們就此事討論了一上午，結(jié)果毫無進(jìn)展。 We discussed it all morning but________ ________. (3)如果你事事都為你兒子去做，就會讓他毫無進(jìn)展。 If you do everything for your son，you'll________ ________ ________. 答案：(1)nowhere (2)got/went nowhere (3)get him nowhere,1.team up with 與……合作或一起工作 ①They team up with another family to rent a house. 他們與另一家合租一所房子。 ②The two companies have teamed up to produce new software. 兩家公司聯(lián)手生產(chǎn)新軟件。 ③He teamed up with a friend and set up a trade business. 他與一個朋友聯(lián)合， 做起了買賣。,知識拓展 cooperate with 與……合作 If you can cooperate with each other, everything should run smoothly. 如果你們能互相配合，一切都會順利的。,活學(xué)活用 (1)He preferred to go into business alone rather than to________anyone else. A．team up with B．catch up with C．fit in with D．put up with 答案：A 句意：他情愿獨自經(jīng)商，而不愿與人合伙。team up (with sb.) 表示“合作；(與某人)結(jié)成一隊”。,(2)Mr Wang is a kind and warm-hearted man, with whom we all like to________. A．team up B．catch up C．put up D．come up 答案：A 句意：王先生善良、熱心，我們都喜歡和他合作。team up with“與……合作或一起工作”，符合題意。catch up with“趕上”；put up with“容忍”；come up with“想出”。,2．mark out畫線；標(biāo)出……的界限；選出；選定 ①A volleyball court had been marked out on the grass. 排球場已經(jīng)在草坪上畫了出來。 ②Who will be marked out for this intensive training? 誰將被選定參加這期強化訓(xùn)練？,知識拓展 mark down記下；(商品)減價；給低分 mark for life留下終生的傷痕 mark off劃出(界限，范圍)；劃分開 mark up提高；標(biāo)記 mark with以……為標(biāo)記；以……表明 make a mark做記號 Just a moment.Let me mark down your name and address. 等一下，讓我把你的姓名和地址記下來。 Gas has been marked up recently. 最近汽油已漲價。,活學(xué)活用 (1)補全句子 ①城市的很多街道已被標(biāo)出來要拓寬。 Many streets in this city have been________ ________for extension. ②他的三幅畫已被選定供展覽。 Three of his paintings________ ________ ________ ________for exhibition. 答案：①marked out ②have been marked out,(2)The children went out together and________a tennis court on the lawn. A．marked out B．marked up C．marked off D．marked down 答案：A 句意：孩子們一起出去了，在草坪上畫了個網(wǎng)球場。mark out“畫出界線”，mark up“提價，加價”；mark off“劃線分隔”；mark down“減價，打價”，故A項符合題意。,3．take in (1)包括；囊括；包含 You can also take in some of the notable architectural monuments. 你也可以將一些著名的紀(jì)念性建筑包括在參觀的項目中。 (2)欺騙；蒙騙 Don't be taken in by his charm—he's ruthless. 不要被他那迷人的風(fēng)度所蒙蔽，其實他冷酷無情。,(3)理解；領(lǐng)會；記住 I couldn't take in the meaning of the word. 我不能夠理解這個詞的含義。 (4)吸入，吞入(體內(nèi)) Fish take in oxygen through their gills. 魚用鰓吸取氧氣。,知識拓展 ①take down取下；記下；拆卸 ②take on開始雇用；呈現(xiàn)；受歡迎 ③take back收回；使回想起 ④take off脫下；起飛；開始成功 ⑤take for認(rèn)為；誤認(rèn)為 ⑥take.as.把……理解為/當(dāng)作 ⑦take over接管；接任 ⑧take out帶……出去 ⑨t(yī)ake apart拆開 ⑩take up占據(jù)；開始做,活學(xué)活用 (1)(2013·遼寧)Briggs will ________ as general manager when Mitchell retires. A．get away B．take over C．set off D．run out 答案：B 考查動詞短語的用法。句意：Mitchell退休后，Briggs將會接管當(dāng)總經(jīng)理。get away離開；take over 接管；set off動身，引爆；run out用光。故B項為正確答案。,(2)Once they are out on the street, the cars will________air and replace it with poison gases. A．bring in B．take in C．get in D．turn in 答案：B 句意：汽車一旦出廠開到大街上，就會吸進(jìn)空氣，排出有毒氣體。take in表示“吸入，吞入(體內(nèi))”。,(3)完成句子 ①變色龍可以變成周圍環(huán)境的顏色。 The chameleon can________ ________the colours of its background. ②給我開了一些止痛藥片。 I was given some pills to________ ________the pain. 答案：①take on ②take away,4．a(chǎn) great/good many許多；很多 ①Today a great many students were absent. 今天有不少學(xué)生缺席。 ②A great many problems have arisen. 許多問題已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)了。 ③A great many of us don't like speaking English in class. 我們當(dāng)中許多人不喜歡在課堂上講英語． ④A great many of the guests joined the picnic in the courtyard. 許多客人加入到院子里的野餐．,注意：a great many后一般不用of，但后接代詞或所修飾的名詞前有定冠詞the，后接指示代詞these，those，物主代詞my，their等時，需接of。,知識拓展 “許多”的表達(dá)法：,(4)large amounts of＋不可數(shù)名詞＋復(fù)數(shù)謂語 (5)masses/quantities of＋可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞＋復(fù)數(shù)謂語,活學(xué)活用 選詞填空 (1)The song has been sung by________students. (2)I am in a position to save you________time. (3)________the students come from Shanghai. 答案：(1)a great many (2)a great deal of (3)A good many of,1.Apparently he'd been shocked when he saw a terrible accident in which a tram's brakes failed, the conductor could not control the situation and the tram slipped down the hill dragging the horses with it. 他曾經(jīng)目睹了一起可怕的交通事故：一輛軌道車剎車失靈，售票員控制不了局面，這輛軌道車連同拉車的馬一起從山上滑了下來，很明顯這讓他感到震驚。,(1)本句的主句是apparently he'd been shocked。when引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，該從句含有in which引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾accident。in which引導(dǎo)的定語從句中又有三個并列分句：a tram's brakes failed, the conductor could not control the situation和the tram slipped down the hill。 (2)現(xiàn)在分詞短語dragging the horses with it在此作伴隨狀語?，F(xiàn)在分詞(短語)在句中作狀語還可表示時間、條件、原因、方式、結(jié)果等，它的邏輯主語與句子的主語一致。 She greeted me, smiling. 她笑著與我打招呼。 He left, saying nothing. 他什么也沒說就離開了。,巧學(xué)助記 現(xiàn)在分詞(短語)與其邏輯主語是主謂關(guān)系；過去分詞(短語)與其邏輯主語是動賓關(guān)系。 Not having enough hands, we turned to them for help. 由于沒有足夠的人手，我們向他們尋求幫助。 Taught by the teacher, they had made great progress. 在老師的教導(dǎo)下，他們?nèi)〉昧撕艽蟮倪M(jìn)步。,活學(xué)活用 ________ which university to attend, the girl asked her teacher for advice. A．Not knowing B．Knowing not C．Not known D．Knowing 答案：A 本題考查非謂語動詞的用法。本題中know與其邏輯主語之間的關(guān)系為主謂關(guān)系，not 否定分詞時要放于其前面，故選A項。,2．Their miserable stay seemed to be punishment rather than justice and freedom to them. 悲慘的境遇對他們來說似乎是一種懲罰而談不上公正和自由。 rather than 表示“而不是”，是一個并列連詞，常用于“平行結(jié)構(gòu)”中，它連接的并列成分可以是名詞、代詞、形容詞、介詞(短語)、動名詞、分句、不定式、動詞等。 (1)連接兩個名詞或代詞 He is an explorer rather than a sailor. 與其說他是一個海員，不如說他是一個探險者。,(2)連接兩個形容詞 The sweater she bought was beautiful rather than cheap. 與其說她買的這件羊毛衫便宜不如說它漂亮。 (3)連接兩個介詞短語 We will have the meeting in the classroom rather than in the great hall. 我們是在教室里開會，不是在大廳里。 (4)連接兩個動名詞 She enjoys singing rather than dancing. 她喜歡唱歌，而不喜歡跳舞。,(5)連接兩個不定式 ①I decided to write rather than(to)telephone. 我決定寫信而不打電話。 ②Rather than allow the vegetables to go bad, he sold them at half price. 他唯恐蔬菜爛掉，把它們以半價賣掉了。(注：rather than 后接不定式時，不定式可以帶to，也可以不帶to。但rather than位于句首時，則只能接不帶to 的不定式。) (6)連接兩個動詞 He ran rather than walked. 他是跑來的，而不是走來的。,(7)連接兩個分句 We should help him rather than he should help us. 是我們應(yīng)該幫助他而不是他應(yīng)該幫助我們。 知識拓展 would do.rather than do./would rather do.than do.寧愿做……而不愿做…… prefer to do.rather than do.更愿意做……而不愿做……,活學(xué)活用 (1)翻譯句子 ①她寧愿死也不愿背叛國家。 ________________________________________________ ②我更愿意在家呆著，不想去購物。 ________________________________________________ 答案：①She would die rather than betray her country. (She would rather die than betray her country. ) ②I prefer to stay at home rather than go shopping.,(2)—You seemed to be impressed by his skill. —Not exactly. It was his courage________his skill that really impressed me. A．rather than B．a(chǎn)s well as C．but also D．together with 答案：A 句意：“你好像對他的技能印象深刻?！薄安煌耆?，是他的勇氣而非技能真正使我印象深刻?！眗ather than“而不是”，符合題意。as well as和together with都有“和；也”的意思，而but also常和not only搭配使用。,寫作指導(dǎo) 本單元的寫作任務(wù)是學(xué)會描寫某一地方的短文，此類寫作多屬說明文。因此應(yīng)注意說明文的特點，應(yīng)按照一定的順序來寫。首先對其進(jìn)行總體介紹，然后依次描寫其位置、面積、周邊環(huán)境、交通、人口、歷史、特色等，最后進(jìn)行結(jié)尾。,單 元 寫 作,常用詞匯 1．位置(location)： 1)lies in/to/on. 2)There lies. 3)is located/situated in 4) stretches along. 5)at the foot of,2．面積(area)： 1) covers an area of. 2) takes up. 3)has an area of. 4)with an area of. 5)the size of our city is. 3．周邊環(huán)境(surroundings)： 1) faces 2) surrounded by. 3)There stands.,4．交通(transportation)： 1)It is very convenient for. 2)The best/nearest way to. is. 3)It takes. to take a taxi fromto. 4)It is only a few bus stops from. It is within easy reach，not far from highway.,5．人口(population)： 1)has a population of. 2)with a population of. 3)The population of. is. 4)Forty percent of the population are. 5)There are. 6．歷史(history)： 1)has a history of. 2)with a history of. 3)has witnessed too much.in history 4)old village for.years,7．名勝(places of interest)： 1)is rich in 2)is known as. 3)is famous for. 4)is home to. 5) attracts. 6)． is a feast for the mind as well as the eyes.,8．特色(something special)： 1) The place is famous for. 2)The special character of the place is. 3)Something special of the place is. 4)be native to./a native of.,話題導(dǎo)入 假設(shè)你是李華，是西安某賓館的接待員。有一批外國游客剛剛抵達(dá)。請你用英語向他們簡要介紹一下西安的情況。主要內(nèi)容包括：,注意：1.詞數(shù)：100～120。,2．可根據(jù)內(nèi)容要點適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，使行文連貫。 ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________,寫作詞匯熱身 1．排行，等級________ 2．擁有……人口________ 3．名勝古跡________ 4．從……角度講________,寫作表達(dá)練習(xí) 1．在中國整個歷史中，有13個王朝曾把西安當(dāng)作首都。 ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ 2．西安是擁有700萬人口的大城市。 ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ 3．從接受高等教育方面講，西安排全國第四。 ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________,參考答案 寫作詞匯熱身：1.rank 2.with a population of 3.places of interest 4.in terms of 寫作表達(dá)練習(xí)：1.Throughout China's long history, thirteen dynasties made Xi'an their capital. 2.It's a city of large size with a population of over 7,000,000. 3.Xi'an ranks the fourth in the country in terms of higher education.,參考范文 Ladies and Gentlemen， Welcome to Xi'an, the capital of Shanxi Province and a world-famous city in China. Throughout China's long history，thirteen dynasties made Xi'an their capital. Xi'an has been developing rapidly during the past two decades. It's a city of large size with a population of over 7,000,000. Xi'an ranks the fourth in the country in terms of higher education. What's more, the city is very beautiful and enjoys an agreeable climate. Within Xi'an you can find many places of interest, such as the Terracotta Warriors, the Bell Tower, and the Big Wild Goose Pagoda.,The city has good transport service, it's easy to travel anywhere in our country, by land or by air. I hope you'll have a good time in Xi'an. Thank you.,名師點評 本文達(dá)到了描寫地點的四項基本要求：基本特征；遵循一定的順序，運用恰當(dāng)?shù)姆椒ㄟM(jìn)行說明；語言準(zhǔn)確無誤；用列數(shù)字、作比較等明確說明了介紹的地點，條理清楚，脈絡(luò)分明，語言平實，通俗易懂。 用了一些比較高級的結(jié)構(gòu)，如：Xi'an has been developing rapidly. What's more, the city is very beautiful and enjoys an agreeable climate.等，增加了文章的文采，使所寫內(nèi)容打動讀者，達(dá)到最佳的表達(dá)效果。,Ⅰ.單詞拼寫 1．A signpost________(指出)the right road for us to follow.2.I wouldn't advise stopping the car—there is________(沒地方)to park. 3．We are________(感激)to you for all your help. 4．We'll attach the label to our________(行李)． 5．The ship________(滑行)through the water. 答案：1.indicated 2.nowhere 3.thankful 4.luggage 5．slipped,Ⅱ.根據(jù)漢語提示完成句子 1．________ ________ ________ ________(我突然想起)that I didn't have my ID card with me. 2．It's a great experience to________ ________ ________(與……合作)such a hard-working man. 3．The school has been asked to________ ________(標(biāo)出……的界線)an area for children to play games. 4．________ ________ ________ ________(背靠背站著)and you will find something different. 5．The tuition________ ________(包括)the cost of food and accommodation at college.,答案：1.It occurred to me 2.team up with 3.mark out 4．Stand back to back 5.takes in,Ⅲ.用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1．Mr Liu is a supporter of________；he is totally a________.(social) 2．He________the children for their carelessness and the________was too severe. (punish) 3．________，she took no notice of the________mistakes in the accident. (apparent) 4．He________that I should give him some________of how I did in the test. (indicate),5．All the________can________in person or by letter and at the same time should hand in their________before May 5th.(apply) 答案：1.socialism；socialist 2.punished；punishment 3.Apparently；apparent 4.indicated；indications 5.applicants；apply；applications,