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2019-2020年高考英語典型試題精粹 專題十四 閱讀理解 　　高考精萃 (xx·四川卷) In 1943, when I was 4, my parents moved from Coeur d'Alene, Idaho, to Fairbanks, Alaska, where adventure was never very far away. We arrived in the summer, just in time to enjoy the midnight sun. All that sunlight was fantastic for Mom's vegetable garden. Working in the garden at midnight tended to throw her timing off, so she didn't care much about my bedtime. Dad was a Railway Express agent and Morn was his clerk. That left me in a mess. I usually managed to find some trouble to get into. Once I had a little fire going in the dirt basement of a hotel. I had tried to light a barrel(桶) of paint but couldn't really get a good fire going. The smoke got pretty bad, though, and when I made my exit, a crowd and the police were there to greet me. The policemen took my matches and drove me home. Mom and Dad were occupied in the garden and Dad told the police to keep me, and they did! I had a tour of the prison before Morn rescued me. I hadn't turned 5 yet. As I entered kindergarten, the serious cold began to set in. Would it surprise you to know that I soon left part of my tongue on a metal handrail at school? As for Leonhard Seppala, famous as a dog sledder (駕雪橇者), I think I knew him well because I was taken for a ride with his white dog team one Sunday. At the time I didn't realize what a superstar he was, but I do remember the ride well. I was wrapped (包裹)heavily and well sheltered from the freezing and blowing weather. In 1950, we moved back to Coeur d'Alene, but we got one more Alaskan adventure when Leonhard invited us eight years later by paying a visit to Idaho to attend a gathering of former neighbors of Alaska. 1．What can be inferred about the author's family? A. His father was a cruel man. B. His parents didn't love him. C. His parents used to be very busy. D. His mother didn't have any jobs. 2．What happened when the author was 4? A. He learned to smoke. B. He was locked in a basement. C. He was arrested by the police. D. He nearly caused a fire accident. 3．Which of the following is true? A. Leonhard was good at driving dog sleds. B. The author spent his whole childhood in Alaska. C. Leonhard often visited the author's family after 1950. D. The author suffered a lot while taking the dog sled in Alaska. 4．What is the author's purpose of writing the text? A. To look back on his childhood with adventures. B. To describe the extreme weather of Alaska. C. To express how much he misses Leonhard. D. To show off his pride in making trouble. 答案與解析 作者四歲的時候，一家人搬到了阿拉斯加州居住。在這個天寒地凍的地方，作者經(jīng)歷過很多的冒險和奇遇，這些成為作者日后難忘的回憶。 1．C　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句、第三段的前兩句和第四段第一句可推斷出，作者小時候，父母總是很忙，根本沒有時間照顧他。 2．D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容可知，喜歡惹是生非的作者有一天差點(diǎn)引發(fā)一場火災(zāi)。 3．A　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第一句中的定語“famous as a dog sledder”可知，萊昂納德擅長駕駛狗拉的雪橇。 4．A　主旨大意題。作者通過寫這篇文章主要回憶了自己小時候在阿拉斯加州居住時那些充滿冒險和奇遇的童年故事。 Passage 2 (xx·重慶卷) One moment it was quiet and calm in the forest, the next, the air was charged with tension. The elephant had heard the distant alarm calls of animals and her mood suddenly changed. I urged the elephant deeper into the forest. We sounded like a forest fire—crackling，snapping，trailblazing. But through all the noise came a sharp warning cry. The elephant stopped and we heard it again—the tell-tale call of a spotted deer. I looked quickly around the shadows of the forest. Rays of sunlight shone through tree branches, beneath which the patch-work(交錯) of green plants and shadows-within-shadows would make tiger stripes (條紋) look more attractive. Apart from an occasional noise from the elephant's stomach, the forest was silent. Gradually, the tension slipped from our bodies. The elephant seized a nearby branch and put it into her mouth. I reached forward and gently moved my hand over the elephant's neck；there was a soft part, free of wrinkles and hairs, behind her ear. This was my fourth time to_sense_the_aura of the forest in Corbett，although I saw no tigers in the end. Located at the foot of the Himalayan mountains，Corbett is home to about 135 Bengal tigers, but the forest seemed to be guarding their whereabouts(出沒處), a silent reminder of their secrecy and rarity. Still，I was happy enough touching the elephant behind the ear. If I had so desperately wanted to see a tiger，I could have gone to a zoo. After all，spotting tigers merely confirms their beauty; tracking them can make you aware of something more. 1．Which of the following was a clear signal of alarm? A. The elephant stopped. B. A spotted deer called. C. The elephant seized a branch. D. The forest was silent for a while. 2．The author begins his account of the tour in the forest mainly by ________. A. describing various sounds B. paring different animals C. listing different activities D. introducing various plants 3．What does the underlined part “to sense the aura” most probably mean? A. To see the diversity. B. To enjoy the scenery. C. To feel the atmosphere. D. To experience the freedom. 4．How does the author feel after several visits to Corbett? A. Seeing a Bengal tiger is quite thrilling. B. It is very time-consuming to travel in Corbett. C. It is really worthwhile to study the animals in Corbett. D. The process of finding Bengal tigers is most appealing. 答案與解析 作者去科比特國家公園尋找孟加拉野生虎，雖然這一過程充滿了危險、神秘和驚悚，而且毫無結(jié)果，但是作者卻樂此不疲，覺得尋找老虎的過程最有趣。 1．B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段倒數(shù)第二句中的“a sharp warning cry”以及it 所指代的“the tell-tale call of a spotted deer”可知梅花鹿的叫聲是一種警告的信號。 2．A　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容可知，作者主要是通過描述各種各樣的聲音開始講述他的森林之旅的。 3．C　推理判斷題。根據(jù)上文，特別是第一、二段可推斷出，畫線部分指的是“感覺到那種氛圍”。 4．D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句“After all, spotting tigers merely confirms their beauty; tracking them can make you aware of something more.” 可推斷出，作者覺得發(fā)現(xiàn)孟加拉虎的過程最吸引人。 Passage 3 (xx·山東卷) It was one of those terribly hot days in Baltimore. Needless to say, it was too hot to do anything outside. But it was also scorching in our apartment. This was 1962, and I would not live in a place with an air conditioner for another ten years. So my brother and I decided to leave the apartment to find someplace indoors. He suggested we could see a movie. It was a brilliant plan. Movie theaters were one of the few places you could sit all day and—most important—sit in air conditioning. In those days, you could buy one ticket and sit through two movies. Then, the theater would show the same two movies again. If you wanted to, you could sit through them twice. Most people did not do that, but the manager at our theater, Mr. Bellow, did not mind if you did. That particular day, my brother and I sat through both movies twice, trying to escape the heat. We bought three bags of popcorn and three sodas each. Then, we sat and watched The Music Man followed by The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance. We'd already seen the second movie once before. It had been at the theater since January, because Mr. Bellow loved anything with John Wayne in it. We left the theater around 8, just before the evening shows began. But we returned the next day and saw the same two movies again, twice more. And we did it the next day too. Finally, on the fourth day, the heat wave broke. Still, to this day I can sing half the songs in The Music Man and recite half of John Wayne and Jimmy Stewart's dialogue from The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance! Those memories are some of the few I have of the heat wave of 1962. They're really memories of the screen, not memories of my life. 1．In which year did the author first live in a place with an air conditioner? A．1952.　　　　　　　 B．1962. C．1972. D．1982. 2．What does the underlined word “It” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．The heat. B．The theater. C．The Music Man. D．The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance. 3．What do we known about Mr. Bellow? A．He loved children very much. B．He was a fan of John Wayne. C．He sold air conditioners. D．He was a movie star. 4．Why did the author and his/her brother see the same movies several times? A．The two movies were really wonderful. B．They wanted to avoid the heat outside. C．The manager of the theater was friendly. D．They liked the popcorn and the soda at the theater. 5．What can we learn from the last paragraph? A．The author turned out to be a great singer. B．The author enjoyed the heat wave of 1962. C．The author's life has been changed by the two movies. D．The author considers the experience at the theater unforgettable. 答案與解析 本文為記敘文。1962年天氣炎熱，家中沒有空調(diào)，作者與其弟弟兩人來到電影院看電影躲避酷暑。 1．C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“This was 1962, and I would not live in a place with an air conditioner for another ten years.”可知，那年是1962年，作者在沒有空調(diào)的房子里又生活了十年。所以可以得知，作者第一次生活在有空調(diào)的屋子里應(yīng)是1972年。 2．D　代詞指代題。根據(jù)文章第三段中“Then, we sat and watched The Music Man follwed by The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance. We'd already seen the second movie once before.”可知，畫線詞it 指的是上文提到的電影The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance，故D項正確。 3．B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段最后一句“It had been at the theater since January, because Mr. Bellow loved anything with John Wayne in it.”可知他是約翰·韋恩的一位影迷。故B項正確。 4．B　推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段最后一句“Finally, on the fourth day, the heat wave broke.”以及第二段第一句和第三段第一句可知，他們反復(fù)看同樣的影片，就是為了在電影院避暑。故B項正確。 5．D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段所述內(nèi)容可知，直到今天，當(dāng)時的情景歷歷在目，甚至其中的一些臺詞作者都能背誦。因此可以看出，這段經(jīng)歷對作者來說是難忘的。故D項正確。 Passage 4 (xx·福建卷) It was Mother's Day morning last year and I was doing shopping at our local supermarket with my five-year-old son, Tenyson. As we were leaving, we found that only minutes earlier an elderly woman had fallen over at the entrance and had hit her head on the concrete. Her husband was with her, but there was blood everywhere and the woman was embarrassed and clearly in shock. Walking towards the scene, Tenyson became very upset about what had happened to the couple. He said to me, “Mum, it's not much fun falling over in front of everyone.” At the front of the supermarket, a charity(慈善) group had set up a stand selling cooked sausages and flowers to raise funds. Tenyson suggested that we should buy the lady a flower. “It will make her feel better，” he said. I was amazed that he'd e up with this sweet idea. So we went over to the flower seller and asked her if we could buy a flower for the lady to cheer her up. “Just take it，”she replied. “I can't take your money for such a wonderful gesture.” By now paramedics(急救人員) had arrived, and were attending to the injured woman. As we walked up to her, my son became intimidated by all the blood and medical equipment. He said he was just too scared to go up to her. Instead I gave the flower to the woman's husband and told him, “My son was very upset for your wife and wanted to give her this flower to make her feel better.” At that, the old man started crying and said, “Thank you so much, you have a wonderful son. Happy Mother's Day to you.” The man then bent down and gave his wife the flower, telling her who it was from. Though badly hurt and shaken, the old lady looked up at Tenyson with love in her eyes and gave him a little smile. 1．What does the author intend to tell us? A．One can never be too careful. B．Actions speak louder than words. C．Love begins with a little smile. D．A small act of kindness brings a great joy. 2．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．The elderly woman was knocked down by Tenyson. B．Tenyson's idea of buying a flower gained his mother's support. C．Tenyson's care for the elderly woman puzzled the flower seller. D．The elderly woman was moved to tears by Tenyson's gesture. 3．The underlined word “intimidated” in the fourth paragraph probably means “________”． A．a(chǎn)stonished B．struck C．frightened D．excited 4．What would be the best title for the passage? A．Flower Power B．Mother's Day C．An Accidental Injury D．An Embarrassing Moment 答案與解析 在母親節(jié)這天，兒子為在超市門前摔倒的老婦人買花以使她感覺好點(diǎn)，這個小小的善舉讓我們體會到愛無處不在。 1．D　目的意圖題。本文主要介紹的是兒子細(xì)小的善舉為老婦人帶來了快樂，故選D項。A項“一個人越小心越好”；B項“行動勝過語言”；C項“愛始于微笑”；D項“小小善舉能帶來快樂”。 2．B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“So we went over to the flower seller and asked her if we could buy a flower for the lady to cheer her up.”可知小男孩的舉動得到了媽媽的支持。根據(jù)第一段第二句可知A項錯誤；根據(jù)第三段最后一句可知C項錯誤；根據(jù)最后一段可知D項錯誤。 3．C　詞義猜測題。根據(jù)下文“He said he was just too scared to go up to her.”可知此處intimidated 應(yīng)是“害怕”，故選C項。 4．A　文章標(biāo)題題。本文主要介紹的是兒子提議為在超市門前摔倒的老婦人買一束花以便使她心情好起來和這一善舉的影響的故事，故最佳標(biāo)題是A項“花的力量”。B項“母親節(jié)”；C項“意外傷害”；D項“尷尬時刻”均不符合題意。 Passage 5 (xx·山東卷) One morning, Ann's neighbor Tracy found a lost dog wandering around the local elementary school. She asked Ann if she could keep an eye on the dog. Ann said that she could watch it only for the day. Tracy took photos of the dog and printed off 400 FOUND fliers(傳單), and put them in mailboxes. Meanwhile，Ann went to the dollar store and bought some pet supplies, warning her two sons not to fall in love with the dog. At the time, Ann's son Thomas was 10 years old, and Jack，who was recovering from a heart operation，was 21 years old. Four days later Ann was still looking after the dog，whom they had started to call Riley. When she arrived home from work，the dog threw itself against the screen door and barked madly at her. As soon as she opened the door, Riley dashed into the boys' room where Ann found Jack suffering a heart attack. Riley ran over to Jack，but as soon as Ann bent over to help him the dog went silent. “If it hadn't e to get me, the doctor said Jack would have died，”Ann reported to a local newspaper. At this point，no one had called to claim the dog, so Ann decided to keep it. The next morning Tracy got a call. A man named Peter recognized his lost dog and called the number on the flier. Tracy started crying, and told him，“That dog saved my friend's son.” Peter drove to Ann's house to pick up his dog, and saw Thomas and Jack crying in the window. After a few moments Peter said, “Maybe Odie was supposed to find you，maybe you should keep it.” 1．What did Tracy do after finding the dog? A. She looked for its owner. B. She gave it to Ann as a gift. C. She sold it to the dollar store. D. She bought some food for it. 2．How did the dog help save Jack? A. By breaking the door for Ann. B. By leading Ann to Jack's room. C. By dragging Jack out of the room. D. By attending Jack when Ann was out. 3．What was Ann's attitude to the dog according to Paragraph 4? A. Sympathetic. B. Doubtful. C. Tolerant. D. Grateful. 4．For what purpose did Peter call Tracy? A. To help her friend's son. B. To interview Tracy. C. To take back his dog. D. To return the flier to her. 5．What can we infer about the dog from the last paragraph? A. It would be given to Odie. B. It would be kept by Ann's family. C. It would be returned to Peter. D. It would be taken away by Tracy. 答案與解析 本文為記敘文。主要講述翠西發(fā)現(xiàn)一條流浪的小狗，囑咐安照看一下。有一次小狗救了安的兒子杰克。最終感動了它原來的主人，答應(yīng)讓它留在安家。 1．A　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“She asked Ann if she could keep an eye on the dog.”以及第二段第一句可知，當(dāng)翠西發(fā)現(xiàn)小狗之后，想讓安幫忙照看，而她給狗拍照并印發(fā)傳單投入郵箱，故只有A項正確。 2．B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第二、三句可知，當(dāng)安回家時，小狗朝她叫，然后沖到男孩們的房間，在那里安發(fā)現(xiàn)杰克的心臟病犯了。 3．D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段安跟當(dāng)?shù)貓蠹堈f如果不是這條狗引導(dǎo)她進(jìn)入杰克的房間，杰克就沒命了。由此可知安對這條狗是懷有感激之情的，故D項正確。 4．C　推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段第一句“Peter drove to Ann's house to pick up his dog...”可知彼得開車來到安家來認(rèn)領(lǐng)他的狗。因此C項正確。 5．B　推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段中“...Peter siad, ‘Maybe Odie was supposed to find you, maybe you should keep it.’”可知，彼得最終讓這條狗留在了安家。故B項正確。 Passage 6 (xx·重慶卷) I was never very neat, while my roommate Kate was extremely organized. Each of her objects had its place, but mine always hid somewhere. She even labeled (貼標(biāo)簽 ) everything. I always looked for everything. Over time, Kate got nearer and I got messier. She would push my dirty clothing over, and I would lay my books on her tidy desk. We both got tired of each other. War broke out one evening. Kate came into the room. Soon, I heard her screaming, “Take your shoes away! Why under my bed！” Deafened, I saw my shoes flying at me. I jumped to my feet and started yelling. She yelled back louder. The room was filled with anger. We could not have stayed together for a single minute but for a phone call. Kate answered it. From her end of the conversation, I could tell right away her grandma was seriously ill. When she hung up, she quickly crawled (爬) under her covers, sobbing. Obviously, that was something she should not go through alone. All of a sudden, a warm feeling of sympathy rose up in my heart. Slowly, I collected the pencils, took back the books，made my bed, cleaned the socks and swept the floor, even on her side. I got so into my work that I even didn't notice Kate had sat up. She was watching, her tears dried and her expression was one of disbelief. Then, she reached out her hands to grasp mine. I looked up into her eyes. She smiled at me, “Thanks.” Kate and I stayed roommates for the rest of the year. We didn't always agree, but we learned the key to living together: giving in, cleaning up and holding on. 1．What made Kate so angry one evening? A．She couldn't find her books. B．She heard the author shouting loud. C．She got the news that her grandma was ill. D．She saw the author's shoes beneath her bed. 2．The author tidied up the room most probably because ________. A．she was scared by Kate's anger B．she hated herself for being so messy C．she wanted to show her care D．she was asked by Kate to do so 3．How is Paragraph 1 mainly developed? A．By analyzing causes. B．By showing differences. C．By describing a process. D．By following time order. 4．What might be the best title for the story? A．My Friend Kate B．Hard Work Pays Off C．How to Be Organized D．Learning to Be Roommates 答案與解析 作者與室友在生活習(xí)慣上有天壤之別，作者特別邋遢，而室友特別整潔有條理，兩人生活在一起難免有摩擦。但是偶然發(fā)生的一件事讓作者明白了友好相處的秘訣。 1．D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第三句可知，那天晚上，凱特非常生氣，因?yàn)樽髡甙研朔旁诹怂拇蚕隆? 2．C　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“All of a sudden, a warm feeling of sympathy rose up in my heart.”可推斷出，作者主要是想通過收拾房間這種行為表達(dá)對凱特的關(guān)心。 3．B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容可知，該段主要通過對比的方式說明兩個人在生活習(xí)慣方面的巨大差異。 4．D　主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，最后一段最后一句起到了畫龍點(diǎn)睛的作用，點(diǎn)明了文章的主旨，即：學(xué)會成為室友。 Passage 7 (xx·課標(biāo)全國卷Ⅱ) Arriving in Sydney on his own from India, my husband, Rashid, stayed in a hotel for a short time while looking for a house for me and our children. During the first week of his stay, he went out one day to do some shopping. He came back in the late afternoon to discover that his suitcase was gone. He was extremely worried as the suitcase had all his important papers, including his passport. He reported the case to the police and then sat there，lost and lonely in a strange city, thinking of the terrible troubles of getting all the paperwork organized again from a distant country while trying to settle down in a new one. Late in the evening, the phone rang. It was a stranger. He was trying to pronounce my husband's name and was asking him a lot of questions. Then he said they had found a pile of papers in their trash can(垃圾桶)that had been left out on the footpath. My husband rushed to their home to find a kind family holding all his papers and documents. Their young daughter had gone to the trash can and found a pile of unfamiliar papers. Her parents had carefully sorted them out, although they had found mainly foreign addresses on most of the documents. At last they had seen a half-written letter in the pile in which my husband had given his new telephone number to a friend. That family not only restored the important documents to us that day but also restored our faith and trust in people. We still remember their kindness and often send a warm wish their way. 1．What did Rashid plan to do after his arrival in Sydney? A．Go shopping. B．Find a house. C．Join his family. D．Take a vacation. 2．The girl's parents got Rashid's phone number from ________. A．a(chǎn) friend of his family B．a(chǎn) Sydney policeman C．a(chǎn) letter in his papers D．a(chǎn) stranger in Sydney 3．What does the underlined word “restored” in the last paragraph mean? A．Showed. B．Sent out. C．Delivered. D．Gave back. 4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．From India to Australia B．Living in a New Country C．Turning Trash to Treasure D．In Search of New Friends 答案與解析 “我”丈夫到達(dá)悉尼之后，把他的重要文件和護(hù)照丟了，就在他陷入絕望的時候，一個陌生人打來電話并把他女兒在垃圾桶撿到的文件完好無損地歸還給他。 1．B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從第一段中的“...looking for a house for me and our children.”可知，Rashid 到了悉尼之后，計劃為家人尋找一座房子。 2．C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從倒數(shù)第二段最后一句可知，女孩的父母是從文件的一封信中找到了Rashid 的電話號碼。 3．D