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2019-2020年（直擊高考）高考英語 語法重難點系列 專題01 with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu) 我們把學(xué)英語比作為修房子：語法是房子的框架，詞匯是房子的磚瓦，高級詞匯和句型是房子的裝修。在這三者中語法是最基礎(chǔ)的部分。學(xué)生只有掌握了基本的語法才能靈活運用英語這種語言，只有能活用才會有能力的遷移。以下是按學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容的難點、重點、考點以及學(xué)生的易錯點分別做的英語語法系列歸納。其特點是：開門見山直擊考點。幾乎涵蓋了所有的重要考點，這樣學(xué)生覺得學(xué)有所用，最終形成前后穿插、縱橫交錯、點面結(jié)合的立體知識結(jié)構(gòu)圖。 一、with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu) 本結(jié)構(gòu)在試卷上出現(xiàn)的頻率非常高，學(xué)好這個結(jié)構(gòu)我們能準(zhǔn)確地進行答題、能更好地欣賞句子，同時也能讓我們的書面表達出彩。 with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)常有以下結(jié)構(gòu)： 1. with + 賓語 + doing With so many people municating in English now, I find it very necessary to master it. 現(xiàn)在有那么多的人用英語交流，我發(fā)現(xiàn)掌握英語很有必要。 2. with + 賓語 + done With my room cleaned, I went to bed. 房間打掃了我就上床睡覺了。 3. with + 賓語 + to do This is my first book, with the second to e out next year. 這是我的第一本書，第二本明年出版。 4. with + 賓語 + to be done This is my first book, with the second to be published next year. 這是我的第一本書，第二本明年出版。 5. with + 賓語 + adj. a. They left the office in a hurry, with the door open. 他們匆忙離開了辦公室，門都開著。 b. He always sleeps with the windows halfopen . 他總是把窗戶半開著睡覺。 6. with + 賓語 + adv. With all the lights on, the city looks more beautiful. 在所有燈光的照耀下，這座城市顯得更漂亮。 7. with + 賓語 + prep.-phrase He came in, with a basket on his back. 他進來了，背上背著一個籃子。 解析：從上面的結(jié)構(gòu)看1) 首先要區(qū)分開在什么情況下用分詞，什么情況下用不定式：如果表示do動作已發(fā)生或者是經(jīng)常性的就要用分詞；如果do動作還沒有發(fā)生就要用動詞不定式。邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系用doing/to do,邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系用done/to be done. a. With the boy leading (the way), we found her house very easily. 有那男孩帶路，我們很容易找到了她的家。 b. With the teacher helping me, I made much progress. 有老師幫我，我取得了很大的進步。 c. With the teacher to help me, I am sure I will also make progress. 有老師幫我，我相信我也能取得進步。 d . With his work finished, he spent his weekend playing football with his friends. 活干完了，他周末就和朋友一起踢足球。 e. With many problems settled, the manager went out for a tour. 許多問題解決了，經(jīng)理出去玩了一趟。 2) 注意下面句子的區(qū)別 a. With many problems to be settled, the manager took more care of his employees. 有許多問題要解決，經(jīng)理更關(guān)心他的職工。 b. With many problems to settle, the manager even couldn’t afford time to have dinner sometimes. 有許多問題要解決，經(jīng)理有時甚至都抽不出時間吃飯。 c. The teacher said to the students:“With too many language points to be remembered, I am a little worried every day.” 老師對學(xué)生說：“有太多的語言點要記，我每天都有點擔(dān)心” d. The students said to the teacher:“With too many language points to remember, we are a little worried every day.” 同學(xué)們對老師說：“有太多的語言點要記，我們每天都有點擔(dān)心” e. With two more letters to write, he has to stop watching TV. 還有兩封信要寫，他不得不停止看電視。 f. With five windows to be cleaned, the teacher dismissed his class ahead of time for students to do general cleaning. 有五個窗戶要擦，老師提前下課了讓同學(xué)們大掃除。 從上述例句可以看出：主語直接參與do動作用主動式to do,主語不參與do動作就用被動式to be done. 3）with + 賓語 + 介詞短語的用法 例如：老師手里拿著書走進教室?！? a. The teacher came in, with a book in his hand. b. The teacher came in, with a book in his hands. c. The teacher came in, with books in his hand. d. The teacher came in, with books in his hands. 在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中，賓語位置上的名詞和介詞短語中的名詞均不能單獨出現(xiàn)。（如句中賓語位置上的名詞book和介詞短語中的名詞hand）.如果去掉前面的介詞with就成了獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)： a. The teacher came in, a book in his hand. b. The teacher came in, a book in his hands. c. The teacher came in, books in his hand. d. The teacher came in, books in his hands. e. The teacher came in, book in hand. 在這種獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中，要么兩個名詞均不單獨出現(xiàn)，要么兩個名詞都單獨出現(xiàn)，當(dāng)名詞是單數(shù)的時候，后者（如：e例句）是人們最常用的。如： a. The teacher went out, book under arm. 老師夾著書出去了。 b. The soldier stood there, gun in hand. 那個士兵站在那里，拿著一桿槍。 c. He stood still, basket on back. 他一動不動地站著，背上背著籃子. d. The actor performed carefully, bowl on head. 演員認真地表演，頭上頂著碗。 with + 賓語+ 介詞短語這種結(jié)構(gòu)在上述例句中都是作狀語，這時可以去掉with換成獨立主格。但是如果在句中作定語就不能用獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。 a. Finally we came to a river with flowers on both sides. 最后我們來到了兩岸長著花的一條河邊，。 b. I know the girl with a smile on her face. 我認識臉上帶著微笑的那個女孩。 c. The playground with trees on every side is very big. 四周都是樹的那個操場很大。 活學(xué)套用： 1.（xx年湖北卷）71. With ________, some animals are facing the danger of dying out. (cut) 由于越來越多的森林被砍伐，一些動物正面臨著滅絕的危險。 2. （xx年湖北卷）74.________(把鑰匙握在手上)，he looked for them everywhere.(hold) 3. ___e on , please give some ideas about the project. ___Sorry,with so much work ____my mind ,I almost break down.(xx福建高考） A.filled B.filling C.to fill D. being filled 答案： B 解析：從對話來看，講的是目前的事，所以首先就確定要用分詞而不是動詞不定式，C就不可能選。再看so much work 和fill 是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞filling ，D是動賓關(guān)系，所以答案只能是B. 4. John received an invitation to dinner ,and with his work _______, he gradually accepted it.(xx安徽高考） A. finished B. Finishing C. Having finished D. was finished 5. With too many construction projects_______all the strength out of the economy ,people of the small country plained a lot.(xx南京質(zhì)檢一） A. sucking B. to suck C. being sucked D. being sucking 6. The sale usually takes place outside the house,with the audience ______on benches,chairs or boxes. A. Having seated B. seating C. seated D. being seated 7. She told me that she had finished three rooms with the others _____the next day. A. painting B. to paint C. painted D. to be painted 8. The teacher came in , with _____________. A. with a book in hand B. book in hand C. book in his hand D. a book in his hand 9. With so many people ____________in English every day ,English is widely used. A. municating B. to municate C. municated D. municate 10. The thief was brought in ,with his hands ______. A. tie B.tied C. tying D. to be tied