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黑龍江工程學院本科生畢業(yè)設計
摘 要
汽車在行駛的過程中，需要按照駕駛員的意志經(jīng)常改變其行駛方向，即所謂的汽車轉(zhuǎn)向。汽車的轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)是一套用來改變或恢復汽車行駛方向的專用機構(gòu)，本文的研究內(nèi)容即是輕型貨車的轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)設計。
本文針對的是與非獨立懸架相匹配的整體式兩輪轉(zhuǎn)向機構(gòu)。利用相關汽車設計和連桿機構(gòu)運動學的知識，首先對轉(zhuǎn)向器，轉(zhuǎn)向傳動機構(gòu)進行選擇，接著再對轉(zhuǎn)向器和轉(zhuǎn)向傳動機構(gòu)進行設計，最后，利用軟件AUTOCAD完成轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)的設計圖紙。
轉(zhuǎn)向器在設計中選用的是循環(huán)球式齒條齒扇轉(zhuǎn)向器，在對轉(zhuǎn)向器的設計中，包括了螺桿—鋼球—螺母傳動副的設計和齒條—齒扇傳動副的設計，前者是基于參照同類汽車，確定出鋼球中心距，設計出一系列的尺寸，而后者則是根據(jù)汽車前軸的載荷來確定出齒扇模數(shù)，再由此設計出所有參數(shù)的。
轉(zhuǎn)向梯形的設計選用的是整體式轉(zhuǎn)向梯形，本文在設計中借鑒同類汽車轉(zhuǎn)向梯形設計的經(jīng)驗尺寸對轉(zhuǎn)向梯形進行尺寸初選。再通過對轉(zhuǎn)向內(nèi)輪實際達到的最大偏轉(zhuǎn)角時與轉(zhuǎn)向外輪理想最大偏轉(zhuǎn)角度的差值的檢驗，和作為一個四桿機構(gòu)對其最小傳動角的檢驗，來判定轉(zhuǎn)向梯形的設計是否符合基本要求。
本文在消化，吸收，總結(jié)，歸納前人的成果上，系統(tǒng)、全面地對機械轉(zhuǎn)向系進行理論分析，設計及優(yōu)化。為輕型汽車轉(zhuǎn)向系的設計開發(fā)提供了一種步驟簡單的設計方法。
關鍵詞：轉(zhuǎn)向系；轉(zhuǎn)向器；轉(zhuǎn)向梯形；傳動副；結(jié)構(gòu)元件
ABSTRACT
In a moving vehicle, the driver will need to frequently change its traveling direction, the so-called steering. Vehicle steering system is used to change or restore a car in the direction of a dedicated agency, the contents of this paper is the study of light vehicle steering system design.
This article is aimed at non-independent suspension and would like to match the overall style of the two steering. The use of the relevant vehicle design and kinematic linkage of knowledge, first of all, the steering gear, steering transmission choice, and then to the steering gear and steering transmission (mainly trapezoidal steering ) design, and finally, the use of AUTOCAD software and the Steering system to complete the design drawings.
Steering the ball of choice is the cycle of fan-type steering gear rack teeth, in the design of steering gear, including a screw - Ball - Vice-nut drive the design and rack - fan drive gear pair design, the former is based on the reference to similar vehicles, to determine the center distance of the ball, the design of a series of size, while the latter is based on the vehicle front axle load to determine the fan module out of gear, and then all of the resulting design parameters.
Steering linkage design is a whole selection of steering trapezoid, the paper design is used in car steering linkage from a similar experience in the design of the size of the steering linkage to the primary size. Through to the actual steering wheel in the maximum deflection angle with the steering wheel in the most ideal test of the difference of deflection angle, and four institutions, as a minimum transmission angle of its examination, to determine whether the design of steering trapezoid in line with the basic requirements.
In this paper, digestion, absorption, and summing up, summing up the results of their predecessors, the systematic, comprehensive mechanical steering system to carry out theoretical analysis, design and optimization. For the light vehicle steering system design and development provides a simple design method steps.
key words：Steering system；Steering gear；Steering trapezium；Transmission vice；Structural components
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