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寫作離不開句子, 要寫好英語的句子,首先要了解英語的句子由哪些成分構(gòu)成,能充當(dāng)這些成分的是各是什么詞。 句子的組成部分分為：主語、謂語、賓語、定語、狀語、表語，其中主語與謂語是主要成分, 一般不可缺少。本單元復(fù)習(xí)主語、謂語和賓語。,句子成分Ⅰ：主語/謂語/賓語,練習(xí)：請(qǐng)找出下列句子的主語。 1. The boy comes from America. 1. The boy, 名詞作主語。 2. He usually goes to school alone. 2. He，代詞作主語。,主話表示句子所說的是什么人或什么事。,3. Studying English is very important. Studying English, 動(dòng)名詞短語作主語。 4. To teach him a lesson seems quite necessary. To teach him a lesson, 不定式短語作主語。 5. That he won the prize excited everyone. That he won the prize, 主語從句作主語。,6. It is important for us to have our dreams. it 形式主語to have our dreams 不定式短語作真正的主語。 7. It is obvious that he was wrong. it 形式主語, that he was wrong 主語從句作真正的主語。 8. It is no use crying over spilt milk. it 形式主語, crying over spilt milk動(dòng)名詞短語作真正的主語。,主語一般由名詞、______________ ,或者相當(dāng)于名詞的詞、短語或從句充當(dāng)(包括______ 、_______ 還有_________)。另外，當(dāng)句子的主語為___________、__________ 或__________時(shí), 主語部分太長,為使句子平衡, 避免頭重腳輕, 常用it作形式主語。,主格代詞(I、she等),不定式,動(dòng)名詞,主語從句,動(dòng)名詞短語,不定式短語,主語從句,謂語說明主語的動(dòng)作(即主語做了什么事)、狀態(tài)或特征。謂語由動(dòng)詞或短語動(dòng)詞充當(dāng), 或者由“系動(dòng)詞+表語”構(gòu)成。除了倒裝等特殊情況外, 謂語總是位于主語的后面, 即“主語→謂語”。,動(dòng)詞分為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞、連系動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞。實(shí)義動(dòng)詞單獨(dú)作謂語,連系動(dòng)詞與表語一起構(gòu)成謂語, 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞與動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成合成謂語, 助動(dòng)詞與動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式(如：原形、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞)共同構(gòu)成謂語部分。,【注意】謂語與主語在人稱與數(shù)方面要保持一致。,練習(xí)：請(qǐng)找出下列句子的謂語并指出謂語的構(gòu)成：實(shí)義動(dòng)詞、連系動(dòng)詞+表語、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞的原形還是助動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式？ 1. His parents are teachers. 1. are teachers，系動(dòng)詞+表語。 2. The sun rises in the east. 2. rises，實(shí)義動(dòng)詞。,3. We have finished reading the book. have finished, 助動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞。 4. You ought to work harder. ought to work, 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞原形。,5. I felt cold. 5. felt cold, 連系動(dòng)詞+表語。 6. He doesn’t like music. 6. doesn’t like, 助動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞原形。,賓語是動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作對(duì)象。一般由名詞、賓格代詞(me, her等), 或者相當(dāng)于名詞的詞、短語或從句充當(dāng)(包括不定式、動(dòng)名詞還有賓語從句)。賓語可分為直接賓語和間接賓語, 間接賓語說明動(dòng)作是對(duì)誰或?yàn)檎l而做, 直接賓語則是動(dòng)作的承受者或結(jié)果。一般情況下, 賓語都在動(dòng)詞后面, 順序是：主語→謂語→賓語。,練習(xí) 請(qǐng)找出下列句子的賓語。 1. He has never met her in person. Her, 賓格代詞作賓語。 2. She handed him a book. him賓格代詞作間接賓語, a book 名詞作直接賓語。 3. He likes to play basketball. to play basketball, 不定式短語作賓語。,4. We enjoy listening to music. listening to the music, 動(dòng)名詞短語作賓語。 5. She said that she felt sick. that she felt sick, 賓語從句作賓語。 6. They sent the injured to hospital. the injured, 名詞化的形容詞作賓語。,7. I find it impossible to believe her any longer. 7. it形式賓語, 不定式短語to believe her any longer.作真正賓語。 8. We consider it no good getting up late. 8. it形式賓語, getting up late動(dòng)名詞短語作真正賓語。 9. They believed it strange that he should have done that. 9. it形式賓語, 賓語從句that he should have done that作真正的賓語。,當(dāng)句子的賓語為___________、___________、或_________時(shí), 常用形式賓語it, 以保持句子的平衡。,注意：,不定式短語,動(dòng)名詞短語,賓語從句,綜合練習(xí),1.他在那里交了許多好朋友。(make) Kate (主語) has made (謂語) a lot of good friends (賓語) there. 2.今天我一定要讀完這本小說。(finish) I (主語) must finish (謂語) reading the novel (賓語).,3.她不肯幫助我。(refuse) She (主語) refused (謂語) to help me(賓語). 4.李明，還有另外兩個(gè)同學(xué)，在課堂上睡著了。 Li Ming(主語), together with another two classmates, has fallen asleep (謂語) in class.,5. 其實(shí)，記英語單詞并不難。(用doing作主語) In fact, remembering English words (主語) is not so difficult(謂語).,