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,選修8 Unit 1—Unit 5,Unit 1 A land of diversity,,1．________ (n.) 手段；方法 2．________ (n.) (人口、貿(mào)易的)繁榮 (vi.) 處于經(jīng)濟(jì)迅速發(fā)展時(shí)期 3．________ (n.) 海關(guān)；關(guān)稅；進(jìn)口稅 4．________ (vi.) 發(fā)生；出現(xiàn) 5．________ (vi.) 滑動(dòng)；滑行；滑跤 (n.) 滑動(dòng)；滑倒 6．________ (vt.&n.) 租用；雇用 7．________ (adv.) 無(wú)處；任何地方都不 8．________ (vt.&vi.) 改革；革新 (n.) 改革；改造；改良,重點(diǎn)單詞,means boom customs occur slip hire nowhere reform,9．________ (vt.&n.) 抓?。蛔ゾo；掌握；領(lǐng)會(huì) 10．________ (adj.) 清晰的；明顯的；明確的→__________ (n.)差別；區(qū)分；卓著 11．________ (n.) 大多數(shù)；大半→________ (n.) 少數(shù) 12．________ (vt.) 選擇；推選；選舉→________ (n.) 選舉 13．________ (n.) 申請(qǐng)人→________(v.) 申請(qǐng)→___________ (n.) 申請(qǐng) 14．________ (vt.) 指出；標(biāo)示；表明；暗示→________ (n.) 跡象→________ (n.) 指示器；指示物 15．___________ (adj.) 顯而易見(jiàn)的；顯然的；表面上的→ ___________ (adv.) 顯然地；顯而易見(jiàn)地,grasp,distinct,distinction,majority,minority,elect,election,applicant,apply,application,indicate,indication,indicator,apparent,apparently,1．________________ 繼續(xù)存在；繼續(xù)生存 2．________________ 用……辦法；借助…… 3．________________ 習(xí)慣于新的生活方式、工作等 4．________________ 堅(jiān)持；維持；沿襲(風(fēng)俗、傳統(tǒng)等) 5．________________ 背靠背 6．________________ 與……合作或一起工作 7．________________ 劃線；標(biāo)出……界線 8．________________ 包括；吸收；欺騙；理解 9．________________ 許多；很多 10．________________ 申請(qǐng)；請(qǐng)示得到,重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ),live on by means of make a life keep up back to back team up with mark out take in a great/good many apply for,1．However，it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago. 然而，可能至少在15 000年前美洲土著人就住在加利福尼亞了。 [解讀] it is likely that.“有可能……”。 [仿寫] 盜賊很可能不知道此物的價(jià)值。 ____________________the thieves don't know how much it is worth.,經(jīng)典句型,答案：It is likely that,2．It is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups，but simply a mixture of many races and cultures. 人們認(rèn)為，要不了多久，多種國(guó)籍的混合將會(huì)非常之大，以致不可能存在一種明顯主要的種族或文化群體，而只是多種族、多文化的混合體。 [解讀] it is believed that.“人們認(rèn)為/相信……”，其構(gòu)成為：it＋be＋過(guò)去分詞＋that從句。 [仿寫] 人們相信努力工作就能成功。 ____________________hard work can lead to success.,答案：It is believed that,3．Built in 1873，the cable car system was invented by Andrew Hallidie，who wanted to find a better form of transport than horse-drawn trams. 纜車系統(tǒng)建立于1873年，是由安德魯·哈利迪發(fā)明的，他想找到一種比馬拉軌道車更好的交通方式。 [解讀] built in 1873為過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。 [仿寫] 給予更多的關(guān)心和教導(dǎo)，這個(gè)孩子可能成為一名音樂(lè)家。 ________________，the child is likely to grow into a musician.,答案：Given more attention and instruction,4．That's why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language. 這就是今天有超過(guò)40%的加利福尼亞人把西班牙語(yǔ)作為第一或第二語(yǔ)言的原因。 [解讀] That's why.那就是為什么。 [仿寫] 他迷戀電腦游戲，那就是他為什么必須輟學(xué)的原因。 He is addicted to computer games，____________he has to drop out of school.,答案： that's why,1．means n. 手段，方法 [教材原句] Scientists believe that these settlers crossed the Bering Strait in the Arctic to America by means of a land bridge which existed in prehistoric times. 科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為，這些遷居者通過(guò)一條史前時(shí)期曾經(jīng)存在的大陸橋穿越北極地區(qū)的白令海峽到達(dá)美洲。,板塊一：核心單詞,①by this means用這種方法 ②by means of通過(guò)；用；借助于 ③by no means決不；一點(diǎn)也不(放在句首時(shí)，句子用部分倒裝語(yǔ)序) ④by all means(用于交際英語(yǔ)表示同意)當(dāng)然可以；沒(méi)問(wèn)題 ⑤a means of communication一種通訊/交流工具,①—Can I use your car？——我能用你的汽車嗎？ —By all means.——當(dāng)然。 ②As is known to us，the telephone is a_______of communication. 眾所周知，電話是一種有用的通訊工具。 ③He traveled across the ice ________________a dog sled. 他用狗拉雪橇穿過(guò)這片雪地。 ④Punishment is______________a wise choice to help students grow up mentally and physically. 懲罰絕對(duì)不是幫助學(xué)生身心成長(zhǎng)的明智選擇。,答案：②useful means ③by means of ④by no means,2．majority n. 大多數(shù)；大半 [教材原句] Of the first Spanish to go to California，the majority were religious men，whose ministry was to teach the Catholic religion to the natives. 在首批移居加州的西班牙人中，大部分是宗教人士，他們的職責(zé)是向土著人傳授天主教。,(1)the majority of.大多數(shù)的…… be in a/the majority占多數(shù)；過(guò)半數(shù) (2)major adj. 較大的；較多的；主要的 vi. 主修 n. 主修課 major in 主修 (3)minority n. 少數(shù),①The majority was/were in favour of banning smoking. 大多數(shù)人支持禁煙。 ②Only a minority of people in that city do not have a car while the people taking subway to work are________________. 在那個(gè)城市只有少數(shù)人沒(méi)有汽車，但是乘坐地鐵上班的人卻占了大多數(shù)。 ③________________students in our class find it hard to learn English well，but I encourage them never to give it up. 我們班大多數(shù)的學(xué)生發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)好英語(yǔ)很難，但我鼓勵(lì)他們永遠(yuǎn)不要放棄。,答案： ②in the/a majority ③The majority of,3．occur vi. 發(fā)生；出現(xiàn) [教材原句] Yes.It didn't occur to me that. 是的，我沒(méi)想到……,①sth.occurs to sb.某人突然想起某事 ②It occurs to/strikes/hits sb.that.某人突然想起…… ③It occurs to sb.to do sth.某人突然想起做某事,①It never occurred to me that you could succeed in persuading him to buy the products. 我從未想到過(guò)你能說(shuō)服他購(gòu)買這些產(chǎn)品。 ②It____________ her that she should adopt the homeless child. 她突然想到她應(yīng)該收養(yǎng)這個(gè)無(wú)家可歸的孩子。 ③________didn't occur to her to ask for help. 她沒(méi)想到請(qǐng)別人幫忙。 ④When Babbage was working at Cambridge，a new idea________ ______him. 在劍橋工作時(shí)，巴比奇想到了一個(gè)新主意。,答案： ②occurred to/struck/hit ③It ④occurred to,4．indicate vt.指出，指示；指明，表明；暗示 [教材原句] Try to use the expressions above to indicate that you are listening carefully to your partner. 盡量使用以上的表達(dá)來(lái)表明你在聆聽(tīng)你同伴說(shuō)話。,(1)indicate sth.to sb.向某人指出某物 indicate that.示意，表明 as.indicates正如……所示 (2)indication n．指示；象征，預(yù)示,①Research indicates that eating habits are changing fast. 研究顯示，飲食習(xí)慣正迅速改變。 ②A sign________the right road for us to follow. 標(biāo)牌給我們指出了應(yīng)走的路。 ③With a nod of his head he______________me where I should sit. 他點(diǎn)頭示意我應(yīng)坐的地方。 ④There are____________that the economy is improving. 有明顯的跡象顯示經(jīng)濟(jì)已開(kāi)始好轉(zhuǎn)。,答案：②indicated ③indicated to ④clear indications,5．a(chǎn)pparently adv. 顯然地；顯而易見(jiàn)地 [教材原句] Apparently he'd been shocked when he saw a terrible accident in which a tram's brakes failed，the conductor could not control the situation and the tram slipped down the hill dragging the horses with it. 顯然，當(dāng)他看到在一場(chǎng)可怕的事故中，有軌電車的剎車失靈，列車長(zhǎng)控制不了形勢(shì)，電車拖著馬匹滑下山時(shí)，大為震驚。,(1)As is apparently shown/stated in the picture/chart/passage above.正如上面圖畫/圖表/文中明顯展示/陳述的那樣…… (2)apparent adj.顯然的；顯而易見(jiàn)的 It is apparent that.顯然……(＝apparently) It is apparent from sth.that.從某物上很明顯地看出…… It is apparent to sb.that.某人明白……,①It soon became apparent to everyone that he couldn't sing. 很快大家都明白他不會(huì)唱歌。 ②________was apparent from his words that he was unsatisfied with the result. 從他的語(yǔ)言中可以明顯地看出他對(duì)這個(gè)結(jié)果不滿意。 ③He was ________ much surprised at the news that the amateur athlete beat the professional one who ranked top ten. 聽(tīng)到那個(gè)業(yè)余運(yùn)動(dòng)員打敗了排名前十位的職業(yè)運(yùn)動(dòng)員這個(gè)消息，他大為震驚。,答案：②It ③apparently,6．hire vt.&n.租用；雇用 [教材原句] Teamed up with a couple from my hotel(Peter and Terri) and hired a car. 同飯店里的一對(duì)夫妻(彼得和泰莉)做伴，一起租了一輛小汽車。,hire sth.out(to sb.)把……租出去(給某人) on hire出租 for hire可供出租,①We hired a driver to take us on a tour of the city. 我們雇用了一個(gè)司機(jī)帶我們游覽這個(gè)城市。 ②These cars are________hire. 這些汽車供出租用。,答案：②for,[填一填] ①She________the cottage to holiday makers in the summer. ②I________a suit for the wedding. ③She________as a secretary.,答案：①rented ②hired ③is employed,7．live on以……為主食，靠……生活；繼續(xù)存在，繼續(xù)活著 [教材原句] The customs and languages of the immigrants live on in their new home. 這些移民的風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣以及語(yǔ)言在他們的新家都得以延續(xù)。,板塊二：短語(yǔ)和句型,①live up to符合(標(biāo)準(zhǔn))，不負(fù)(盛名)，履行(諾言) ②live with忍受，容忍 ③live through經(jīng)歷(艱難或險(xiǎn)境) ④live a．life過(guò)……的生活,①The Irish used to live on a diet of potatoes. 愛(ài)爾蘭人過(guò)去用馬鈴薯作為主食。 ②She died ten years ago but her memory____________. 她十年前就去世了，但她卻留在人們的記憶中。 ③He has____________two world wars. 他經(jīng)歷了兩次世界大戰(zhàn)。 ④He failed to____________his parents' expectations. 他辜負(fù)了父母的期望。 ⑤I just had to learn to____________pain. 我不得不學(xué)會(huì)忍受痛苦。,答案： ②lives on ③lived through ④live up to ⑤live with,8. make a life 習(xí)慣于新的生活方式、工作等；謀生 [教材原句] Some died or returned home，but most remained in California to make a life for themselves despite great hardship. 有些人死了或回家了，但是大多數(shù)人留在加利福尼亞謀生，盡管困難重重。,(1)lead/live a．life過(guò)著……的生活 lose one's life失去生命 come to life蘇醒 bring sb./sth.(back) to life給……活力；使復(fù)活 lay down one's life (for sb./sth.)為……獻(xiàn)身：犧牲生命 start/make a new life開(kāi)始新生活 (2)make/earn a/one's living謀生,①They settled down in Canada and made a life for themselves. 他們?cè)诩幽么蠖ň酉聛?lái)，習(xí)慣新的生活方式。 ②When the girl finally ________________，we began to breathe easily. 這個(gè)女孩蘇醒后我們才放心。 ③The new teacher always ________________with his humor. 新來(lái)的老師總是用他的幽默把課上得生動(dòng)活潑。 ④The local farmers can grow crops to_______________________. 當(dāng)?shù)氐霓r(nóng)民可以種莊稼謀生。,答案： ②came to life ③brought the class to life ④make a living,9．mark out畫線；標(biāo)出……界線 [教材原句] There's a fascinating drive marked out for tourists. 有一種專為旅游者選定的駕車游活動(dòng)。,mark vt.做記號(hào)；打分；慶祝；標(biāo)志 n．痕跡；標(biāo)記；分?jǐn)?shù) mark.with.用……給……做標(biāo)記 make a mark on在……上做標(biāo)記,①They scratched lines in the dirt to mark out a pitch. 他們?cè)诘厣蟿澇鲆粋€(gè)球場(chǎng)。 ②You'd better____________each small area to see clearly. 你最好能標(biāo)出各個(gè)小區(qū)，以便看得清楚些。 ③She marked the important words______________. 她用紅色鉛筆標(biāo)出了重要的詞。 ④He got____________in maths test. 他在數(shù)學(xué)測(cè)驗(yàn)中得了滿分。,答案：②mark out ③with a red pencil ④a full mark,10．take in 包括；吸收；收留；欺騙 [教材原句] It's a 79 km round-trip that takes in all the famous tourist spots. 這是一次往返79公里的旅行，它包括了所有著名的旅游景點(diǎn)。 [猜一猜] 觀察句子，寫出句中take in的含義 ①This is the total cost of the holiday，taking everything in.________ ②Don't be taken in by products promising to make you lose weight quickly.________ ③I found it easy to take in what the teacher had taught.________ ④He was homeless，so we took him in.________,答案： ①包括 ②欺騙 ③理解 ④收留,①M(fèi)y writing career took off when I discovered my own style. 找到自己的寫作風(fēng)格后，我的寫作事業(yè)開(kāi)始有起色了。 ②The old city has________________ a new look. 這座古城呈現(xiàn)了新面貌。 ③Since Jerry is absent today，let's get someone else to____________the work where it was left off yesterday. 由于杰瑞今天缺席，我們讓別人從昨天停下來(lái)的地方繼續(xù)做這項(xiàng)工作。,答案： ②taken on ③take up,11．a(chǎn) great/good many許多；很多 [教材原句] Saw some interesting temples here，a number of markets and a great many restaurants. 在這兒看到了一些有趣的寺廟，不少的集貿(mào)市場(chǎng)和大量的餐館。,,①The country has a great many problems that need urgent attention. 該國(guó)有許多急需關(guān)注的問(wèn)題。 ②A great________students like music and sports. 很多學(xué)生都喜歡音樂(lè)和體育活動(dòng)。 ③It seems that a________many of them are out of work now. 他們中的許多人現(xiàn)在似乎都失業(yè)了。 ④There is a great/good________of oil on the surface of the sea after the accident. 事故后，海面上有大量的石油。 ⑤________________reading English. 很多學(xué)生在讀英語(yǔ)。,答案：②many ③great/good ④deal ⑤Many a student is,12．That is why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language. 這就是今天有超過(guò)40%的加利福尼亞人把西班牙語(yǔ)作為第一或第二語(yǔ)言的原因。,(1)That is why.這就是為什么……(why從句表示結(jié)果) (2)That's because.這是因?yàn)椤?because從句表示原因) (3)The reason why.is/was that.……的原因是……(表語(yǔ)從句常用that引導(dǎo)，而不用because),①He was ill.That was why he was absent from the meeting. 他病了，那就是他缺席會(huì)議的原因。 ②The boss scolded him.That was_______he made the same mistake again. 老板責(zé)罵了他，那是因?yàn)樗址噶送瑯拥腻e(cuò)誤。 ③The reason_______he was late for school was_____he got up late. 他上學(xué)遲到的原因是他起床晚了。 ④One reason why she prefers to live in the city is ________ she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants. 她選擇住在城市的原因是她可以很容易地到一些地方，像商店、飯店。,答案：②because ③why；that ④that,13．It is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups，but simply a mixture of many races and cultures. 人們認(rèn)為，要不了多久，多種國(guó)籍的混合將會(huì)非常之大，以致不可能存在一種明顯主要的種族或文化群體，而只是多種族、多文化的混合體。,It's believed that.“人們認(rèn)為……”。在該句型中，it是形式主語(yǔ)，that引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句。 ①It's said that. 據(jù)說(shuō)…… ②It's reported that. 據(jù)報(bào)道…… ③It's hoped that. 大家希望…… ④It's well-known that. 眾所周知…… ⑤It's thought that. 大家認(rèn)為…… ⑥It's suggested that. 據(jù)建議……,①It is generally believed that IT has both advantages and disadvantages. 人們普遍認(rèn)為信息技術(shù)既有優(yōu)點(diǎn)又有缺點(diǎn)。 ②It is reported that the way people spend their holidays has changed a great deal in the past ten years. ＝The way people spend their holidays________________a great deal in the past ten years. 據(jù)報(bào)道在過(guò)去十年里人們度假的方式已改變了許多。,答案：②is reported to have changed,14．Built in 1873，the cable car system was invented by Andrew Hallidie，who wanted to find a better form of transport than horse-drawn trams. 纜車系統(tǒng)建立于1873年，是由安德魯·海利迪發(fā)明的，他試圖找到一種比馬拉軌道車更好的交通方式。,Built in 1873為過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)。過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)通常在句中作時(shí)間、原因、條件、讓步、伴隨、方式等狀語(yǔ)。過(guò)去分詞通常與句子的主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，或表示動(dòng)作已完成。,①Seated in his car，he waved goodbye to all the people who came to see him off. 他坐在車上，向前來(lái)為他送行的所有人揮手告別。(表時(shí)間) ②________(give) enough time，he could do it better. 如果給他充足的時(shí)間，他可以做得更好。(表?xiàng)l件) ③Professor Li stood there，_________(surround)by many students. 李教授站在那里，許多學(xué)生圍著他。(表伴隨) ④________(wound)，the brave soldier continued to fight. 雖然受傷了，這位勇敢的戰(zhàn)士仍繼續(xù)戰(zhàn)斗。(表讓步),答案：②Given ③surrounded ④Wounded,根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示，用句末括號(hào)內(nèi)的英語(yǔ)單詞完成句子 1．For whatever odd reason，I was into him，____________all of my friends and family hated him.(despite) 不知因?yàn)槭裁垂殴值脑?，我就是被他迷住了，盡管我的朋友和家人都討厭他。 2．In education we are striving not to teach youth to make a living，but____________.(life) 教育不是為了教會(huì)青年人謀生，而是教會(huì)他們創(chuàng)造生活。,單元語(yǔ)法專練：,答案： 1.despite the fact that 2.to make a life,3．For some reason we are satisfied when we think we are well-protected；____________ask ourselves：why has this happened？(occur) 出于某種原因，當(dāng)我們覺(jué)得防范周密時(shí)就感到心滿意足；我們沒(méi)有問(wèn)過(guò)自己：為什么會(huì)出現(xiàn)這種情況？ 4．The information highway will not only____________with distant friends，it will also enable us to find new companions.(keep) 信息高速公路將不僅會(huì)使與遙遠(yuǎn)的朋友保持聯(lián)系變得更容易，而且還能使我們找到新的朋友。,答案：3.it doesn't occur to us to 4.make it easier to keep up,5．The Olympics of 776 BC was the first，for which there is a written record，but____________these events existed before this.(believe) 公元前776年的奧運(yùn)會(huì)是有文字記錄的第一屆，但據(jù)說(shuō)在此之前這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)就已經(jīng)存在了。 6．The freight must be added to the cost of the goods and____________the prices are higher.(why) 運(yùn)費(fèi)必須加到貨物的價(jià)格上面，這就是為什么這些貨物價(jià)格比較高的原因。,答案： 5.it is believed that 6.that's why,7．____________in China，Japan and Taiwan，the East Asian islands at the center of an angry dispute are little more than remote shards of guano-covered rock.(call) 無(wú)論中國(guó)、日本和臺(tái)灣如何稱呼這些處于激烈爭(zhēng)議中心的東亞島嶼，它們都不過(guò)是一些鳥(niǎo)糞覆蓋的巖石而已。 8．Claims to the uninhabited islands____________Senkaku or Diaoyu are complicated by past bitterness and modern interdependency between China and Japan.(know) 中日之間痛苦的過(guò)去和現(xiàn)代經(jīng)濟(jì)的相互依賴使無(wú)人居住的被稱作尖閣諸島或釣魚島的主權(quán)爭(zhēng)議變得更加復(fù)雜。,答案： 7.Whatever/ No matter what they're called 8.(which are) known as,9．____________a scholarship that I was able to graduate from my dream university.(apply) 正是因?yàn)槲疑暾?qǐng)了獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金我才得以從我理想中的大學(xué)畢業(yè)。 10．____________their fault to them did they realize it.(point) 直到我們指出了他們的錯(cuò)誤，他們才意識(shí)到這點(diǎn)。,答案： 9.It was because I applied for 10.Not until we pointed out,