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專題二 夾敘夾議文,【文體攻略】 這種文體的語言既有記敘文的特點:借助敘述、描寫、抒情等手段記敘社會生活中的人、事、景、物的情態(tài)及其發(fā)展過程,用以表現(xiàn)作者思想,抒發(fā)作者情感;同時又具有議論文的語言個性(語言自然、客觀、準(zhǔn)確,邏輯性強,且具有概括性)。 夾敘夾議型完形填空一般有以下三個結(jié)構(gòu)模式: 1.先敘述作者自己的某一生活經(jīng)歷或見聞,然后針對這一事件發(fā)表自己對生活的看法,或揭示生活的真理,耐人尋味。 2.作者先提出一種觀點或看法,然后圍繞這一觀點或看法用具體的事例加以說明,有時也可能是用幾個事例從不同的側(cè)面來說明。 3.作者先提出一種觀點和見解,然后用某一事例來闡述這一觀點,最后再進一步地總結(jié)和升華。,解答這類題目的技巧和思路有: 1.大家在做這類完形填空題時,抓住作者的觀點或作者闡述的生活哲理是關(guān)鍵。因為作者敘述所發(fā)生的事情或事例是為其要表達的思想服務(wù)的。 2.文章的首句一般是一個完整的富有哲理的句子,這個句子不容忽視,因為它往往是全文的關(guān)鍵句,甚至是文章的主題。 3.抓住文章的線索,弄明白文章的邏輯關(guān)系。夾敘夾議文是記敘和議論在文中交錯運用,解題時一定要隨著記敘與議論的轉(zhuǎn)換,及時調(diào)整思維方式。 4.敘與議是一個有機的整體,“敘”是“議”的基礎(chǔ),即議論不能脫離記敘,必須在記敘的基礎(chǔ)上展開;“議”是“敘”的滲透,即議論在記敘的基礎(chǔ)上發(fā)表,且要有一定的深度與廣度。二者水乳交融,互為一體。,【典例示范】,(2015課標(biāo)全國卷Ⅱ) Where do you go when you want to learn something?School?A friend?A tutor?These are all 41 places of learning.But it may well be that the learning you really want 42 somewhere else instead.I had the 43 of seeing this first hand on a 44 . My daughter plays on a recreational soccer team.They did very well this season and so 45 a tournament,which normally was only for more skilled club teams.This led to some 46 experiences on Saturday as they played against teams 47 trained.Through the first two games,her 48 did not get one serious shot on goal.As a parent,I 49 seeing my daughter playing her best, 50 still defeated. It seemed that something clicked with the 51 between Saturday and Sunday.When they 52 for their Sunday game,they were 53 different.They had begun to integrate(融合) the kinds of play and teamwork they had 54 the day before into their 55 .They played aggressively and 56 scored a goal.,It 57 me that playing against the other team was a great 58 moment for all the girls on the team.I think it is a general principle. 59 is the best teacher.The lessons they learned may not be 60 what they would have gotten in school,but are certainly more personal and meaningful,because they had to work them out on their own. 41.A.public B.traditional C.official D.special 42.A.passes B.works C.lies D.ends 43.A.dream B.idea C.habit D.chance 44.A.trip B.holiday C.weekend D.square 45.A.won B.entered C.organized D.watched 46.A.painful B.strange C.common D.practical 47.A.less B.poorly C.newly D.better,48.A.fans B.tutors C.class D.team 49.A.imagined B.hated C.avoided D.missed 50.A.if B.or C.but D.as 51.A.girls B.parents C.coaches D.viewers 52.A.dressed B.showed up C.made up D.planned 53.A.slightly B.hardly C.basically D.completely 54.A.seen B.known C.heard D.read 55.A.styles B.training C.game D.rules 56.A.even B.still C.seldom D.again 57.A.confused B.struck C.reminded D.warned 58.A.touching B.thinking C.encouraging D.learning 59.A.Experience B.Independence C.Curiosity D.Interest 60.A.harmful to B.mixed with C.different from D.applied to,【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文以敘事為主,但是最后的評論卻是文章的點題之筆。你從哪兒學(xué)到東西呢?學(xué)校?朋友?老師?這些都是傳統(tǒng)的學(xué)習(xí)的地方。作者通過自己的女兒所在的娛樂球隊與一個專業(yè)俱樂部的比賽,明白了經(jīng)驗才是孩子們最好的老師。 41.B 由上文的“School?A friend?A tutor?”可知,這些地方都是一些人們學(xué)習(xí)東西的傳統(tǒng)的地方,故B項traditional為正確答案。許多考生誤選C項,official的含義為“官方的,正式的”,與句意不符。 42.C pass“通過,經(jīng)過”;work“工作”;lie“位于,在于”;end“結(jié)束”。由空后的somewhere else以及本句句意“但是很有可能你真正想要學(xué)習(xí)的地方在其他地方”可知選C項。 43.D 根據(jù)下文作者講述自己親眼看見了女兒打比賽的過程以及感受可知,此處應(yīng)用chance。“我有機會親眼看見這一切”。,44.C 由第三段第一句中的Saturday and Sunday可知,這場比賽是在周末舉行。 45.B 由本句的“They did very well this season.”可知,她們這個賽季做得很好,所以他們進入通常只有那些更有技能的俱樂部球隊參加的聯(lián)賽。win“贏得”;enter“進入”;organize“組織”;watch“觀看”。故選B項。 46.A 根據(jù)第二段最后一句“.seeing my daughter playing her best, still defeated.”可知,對于作者的女兒所在的球隊來說,這些是痛苦的經(jīng)歷。故選A項。 47.D 根據(jù)上一句中的only for more skilled club teams及下文語境可推知對方“受過更好的訓(xùn)練”。 48.D 由第二段前三句可知,作者女兒的球隊進入了聯(lián)賽,她的球隊遇上了更出色的球隊,故此處用team表示“她的球隊沒有得分的射門”。,49.B imagine“想象”;hate“不喜歡”;avoid“避免”;miss“錯過,思念”。由句首的As a parent可知,作為家長,作者不愿意見到女兒失敗。故選B項。 50.C 由空前的playing her best以及空后的still defeated可知,前后是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,故選but。 51.A 根據(jù)第二段可知作者女兒的球隊與另外一個球隊進行比賽,及最后一段第一句“.for all the girls.”可推出作者女兒的球隊都是女孩子。故選A項。 52.B dress“穿”;show up“出現(xiàn)”;make up“彌補,化妝,組成”;plan“計劃”。句意:當(dāng)她們出場參加周日的比賽時……。故選B項。 53.D slightly“輕微地”;hardly“幾乎不”;basically“基本地”;completely“完全地”。根據(jù)下一句可知這些女孩子的表現(xiàn)與周六大不相同,故選D項。 54.A 由空后的the day before可知,她們把前一天所看到的足球的踢法及團隊合作融合到了她們自己的比賽中。 55.C style“風(fēng)格”;training“訓(xùn)練”;game“比賽”;rule“規(guī)則”。由上一句可知她們是來參加比賽的,故此處應(yīng)選擇game。,56.A 句意:她們踢得很有沖勁,甚至得了一分。even“甚至”;still“仍舊”;seldom“很少”;again“又,再”。故選A項。 57.B confuse“困惑”;strike“撞,打擊”;remind“提醒”;warn“警告”。句意:我突然想到,與另一個球隊的比賽……。句型It struck sb that.意為“某人突然想到……”。 58.D 由下文第59個空后的the best teacher以及第60個空后的in school可推知,此處應(yīng)用learning,表示“對于這個隊所有的女孩子們來說,都是一個學(xué)習(xí)的機會”。 59.A experience“經(jīng)驗”;independence“獨立”;curiosity“好奇心”;interest“興趣”。由第46個空后的experiences可推知答案為experience。句意:經(jīng)驗是最好的老師。 60.C be harmful to“對……有害”;be mixed with“與……混合”;be different from“與……不同”;be applied to“被應(yīng)用到……”。句意:他們學(xué)到的課程可能不會與他們在學(xué)校里所學(xué)到的有所不同……。故選C項。 【文章結(jié)構(gòu)】,A,B,A From my second grade on,there was one event I feared every year:the piano recital(獨奏會).A recital 1 I had to practice a boring piece of music and perform before strangers.,1.A.reflected B.explained C.meant D.proved 解析:前文提到鋼琴獨奏會,此處解釋獨奏會的含義。一場獨奏會對“我”來說就是“我”不得不練習(xí)一首無聊的樂曲,并在陌生人面前演奏。mean “意味著”;reflect “反映,反射”;explain “解釋”;prove “證明”。 答案:C,,,A,B,Each year I 2 ask my father if I could skip the recital “just this once”.And each year he’d shake his head,,2.A.would B.could C.might D.should 解析:每一年“我”都會常常問父親“這次”能不能不參加獨奏會。would “過去常常,總是”;could “能夠”;might “可以”;should “應(yīng)該”。 答案:A,,,A,B,And each year he’d shake his head,muttering(嘀咕) 3 about building self-confidence and working towards a 4 .,3.A.nothing B.everything C.anything D.something 解析:此處表示的是父親會嘀咕一些建立自信及朝著一個目標(biāo)努力的東西。此處something指“想來重要(或值得注意)的事物”;nothing “什么也沒有”;everything “一切”;anything “任何東西”。 答案:D 4.A.goal B.stage C.journey D.chance 解析:根據(jù)下文“我”從父親的首次獨奏會上學(xué)習(xí)的東西可知父親嘀咕的是朝著一個目標(biāo)努力,故選A項。goal “目標(biāo)”;stage “舞臺,階段”;journey “旅程”;chance “機會”。 答案:A,,,,,A,B,So it was with really great 5 that I stood in church one recent Sunday,video camera in hand,and 6 my 68-year-old father sweating,5.A.trouble B.satisfaction C.strength D.disappointment 解析:此處是強調(diào)句型,強調(diào)狀語with really great satisfaction。前文提到“我”不愿意參加獨奏會,后文提到“我”要觀看父親舉行的第一次獨奏會,故應(yīng)是感到 “滿足,滿意”,有暗自慶幸之意。trouble “麻煩”;strength “力氣,力量”;disappointment “失望”。 答案:B 6.A.kept B.sent C.watched D.felt 解析:前文提到“我”坐在教堂里手里拿著錄像機,故此處應(yīng)是要觀看父親的演出。keep “堅持”;send “送”;watch “觀看”;feel “感覺”。 答案:C,,,,,A,B,in his shirt 7 rising to play the piano in his very first recital. My father had longed to play music since childhood,but his family was poor and couldn’t 8 lessons.He could have gone on regretting it,,7.A.through B.from C.against D.before 解析:前文提到父親汗流浹背,后文提到此次演奏是父親的首次表演,故此處用before,表示父親演奏之前很緊張,故選D項。 答案:D 8.A.miss B.afford C.select D.understand 解析:根據(jù)前文父親的家里很窮可知此處表示的是付不起學(xué)鋼琴的錢,故選B項。afford “付得起……的費用”;miss “錯過,想念”;select “選擇,選舉”;understand “理解”。 答案:B,,,,,A,B,9 too many of us do.But though he was rooted in his past,he wasn’t 10 there.When he retired three years ago,,9.A.as B.once C.if D.while 解析:前文提到父親家庭條件不好,沒能夠?qū)W習(xí)彈鋼琴,故此處指的是他本可以像“我”們大多數(shù)人那樣一直遺憾下去。as“正如,好像”,引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句;once“曾經(jīng)”;if “如果”;while “然而”。 答案:A 10.A.educated B.protected C.stuck D.spoilt 解析:根據(jù)前文盡管他念念不忘過去但“他并沒有沉浸其中”,故選C項。stick“陷在,卡在”;educate“教育”;protect“保護”;spoil “寵愛,溺愛”。 答案:C,,,,,A,B,he 11 his church music director to take him as a student. For a moment after my father sat down at the keyboard,he 12 stared down at his fingers.,11.A.allowed B.invited C.inspired D.persuaded 解析:根據(jù)后文“我”父親舉行獨奏會可知他應(yīng)該是說服了教堂的音樂總監(jiān)收他為徒,故選D項。persuade“說服,勸服”;allow“允許”;invite“邀請”;inspire“鼓舞,激勵”。 答案:D 12.A.roughly B.simply C.merrily D.curiously 解析:根據(jù)前文父親在鋼琴前坐下及后文“我”的擔(dān)心可知,父親沒有彈奏只是低頭盯著自己的手指,故選B項。simply “僅僅,只是”;roughly“粗糙地,大致地”;merrily“高興地”;curiously“好奇地”。 答案:B,,,,,A,B,Has he forgotten the 13 ?I worried,remembering those split seconds 14 ago when my mind would go blank,13.A.words B.videos C.notes D.lessons 解析:根據(jù)前文父親的表現(xiàn):只是低頭凝視著自己的手指,及“我”擔(dān)心父親是否忘了“音符”可知選C項。note“音符”;word“話,語言”;video“視頻”;lesson“課”。 答案:C 14.A.decades B.weeks C.hours D.moments 解析:此處表示的是“我”記起了數(shù)十年前“我”演奏時大腦一片空白、手指僵硬的時刻,故選A項。decades ago “數(shù)十年前”。 答案:A,,,,,A,B,and my fingers would 15 .But then came the beautiful melody(旋律),from the 16 fingers that once baited(裝餌于) my fishing lines.,15.A.play B.freeze C.click D.adjust 解析:根據(jù)大腦一片空白可知此處表示的是手指僵硬,故選B項。play “彈奏,玩?！?freeze “凍僵,僵硬”;click “點擊”;adjust “調(diào)整”。 答案:B 16.A.same B.warm C.different D.dirty 解析:根據(jù)后文曾經(jīng)為“我”的漁線上裝魚餌可知,這美妙的音樂與之出自同一雙手,故選A項。 答案:A,,,,,A,B,And I 17 he had been doing what music teachers always stress: 18 the music and pretend the others aren’t there.,17.A.predicted B.realized C.imagined D.insisted 解析:此處指的是“我”意識到他根據(jù)音樂老師一直強調(diào)的來做,故選B項。realize“意識到”;predict“預(yù)測,預(yù)見”;imagine “想象”;insist“堅持”。 答案:B 18.A.pass over B.turn up C.bring in D.concentrate on 解析:根據(jù)下文假裝沒有人在那兒可知,音樂老師一直強調(diào)的是把注意力放在音樂上,故選D項。pass over“置之不理,忽視”;turn up “出現(xiàn),調(diào)大”;bring in“帶來,引進”;concentrate on “集中注意力于”。 答案:D,,,,,A,B,“I’m 19 of him for starting something new at his age,”I said to my son Jeff. “Yeah,and doing it so 20 ,”Jeff added. With his first recital,my father taught me more about courage and determination than all the words he used those 30-plus years ago. 【語篇導(dǎo)讀】父親的首次鋼琴獨奏會使“我”明白了“開始新的東西永不為遲”的道理,同時也讓“我”明白了勇氣和決心的含義,這是任何語言所不能比擬的。,A,B,19.A.ashamed B.aware C.tired D.proud 解析:父親在這個年紀(jì)還能學(xué)習(xí)新的東西,“我”為他感到自豪,故選D項。be proud of “對……自豪”;be ashamed of “對……感到羞愧”;be aware of “意識到”;be tired of “對……感到厭煩”。 答案:D 20.A.casually B.anxiously C.nicely D.frequently 解析:根據(jù)“Yeah”可知兒子很贊同“我”說的話,“而且演奏得真是太好了”。故選C項。nicely“好極了”;casually “隨意地”;anxiously“焦急地”;frequently“經(jīng)常地,頻繁地”。 答案:C,,,,,A,B,B Lara was dying to discover how college could benefit her.Day after day,she sat in the 1 ,waiting for something her professors said to have a(n) 2 .,1.A.study B.theater C.classroom D.hall 解析:A項“學(xué)習(xí)”;B項“劇院”;C項“教室”;D項“大廳”。根據(jù)第一句Lara was dying to discover how college could benefit her勞拉急于知道大學(xué)對她有何益處可知,她應(yīng)是坐在教室聽教授講課,故選C項。 答案:C 2.A.judgment B.result C.joke D.influence 解析:A項“判斷”;B項“結(jié)果”;C項“玩笑”;D項“影響”。根據(jù)后文waiting for something her professors said to have a(n) 可知她是等著教授說一些對她有所影響的事,故選D項。 答案:D,,,,,A,B,By the end of the semester nothing 3 had happened and she was 4 .,3.A.strange B.negative C.impressive D.moving 解析:A項“奇怪的”;B項“負(fù)面的”;C項“印象深刻的”;D項“感人的”。根據(jù)后文and asked,“Is this all there is?”她去問這就是全部嗎,可知沒有對她印象深刻的內(nèi)容,故選C項。 答案:C 4.A.puzzled B.disappointed C.pleased D.worried 解析:A項“迷惑的”;B項“失望的”;C項“高興的”;D項“擔(dān)憂的”。前文說沒有對她印象深刻的內(nèi)容,可知她應(yīng)該是感到失望,故選B項。 答案:B,,,,,A,B,She approached one of her 5 and asked,“Is this all there is?” The teacher looked at her for a moment and answered,“For you,apparently so.” As simple as it is,this story contains an important 6 for all potential students to learn:,5.A.professors B.classmates C.teammates D.partners 解析:根據(jù)前文Day after day,she sat in the ,waiting for something her professors (她坐在教室等待教授告訴她對她來說有影響的東西),可知無所得后她就去找教授詢問,故選A項。 答案:A 6.A.truth B.symbol C.memory D.reality 解析:A項“事實,真相”;B項“象征”;C項“錢”;D項“現(xiàn)實”。根據(jù)句子As simple as it is,this story contains an important for all potential students to learn可知,這個故事包含的是一個事實,故選A項。 答案:A,,,,,A,B,you cannot depend entirely on others to 7 you.If you do,you will get 8 with the education system with its inefficiencies and imperfections.,7.A.change B.educate C.follow D.invite 解析:A項“改變”;B項“教”;C項“跟隨”;D項“邀請”。根據(jù)句子you cannot depend entirely on others to you(你不能只依靠別人來教你)可知選B項。 答案:B 8.A.concerned B.frustrated C.satisfied D.connected 解析:A項“關(guān)心”;B項“沮喪”;C項“滿意”;D項“聯(lián)系”。根據(jù)句子you will get with the education system with its inefficiencies and imperfections.可知,你若僅依靠別人來教你,你會對教育系統(tǒng)的不足和不完美感到沮喪,故選B項。 答案:B,,,,,A,B,You’ll enjoy your educational experience more and get more 9 if you realize that 10 education is self-education,,9.A.pleasure B.information C.benefit D.help 解析:A項“愉悅”;B項“信息”;C項“益處”;D項“幫助”。根據(jù)句子You’ll enjoy your educational experience more and get more 可知你會享受你的教育經(jīng)歷并得到更多益處,故選C項。 答案:C 10.A.compulsory B.formal C.real D.public 解析:A項“義務(wù)的”;B項“正式的”;C項“真正的”;D項“公共的”。根據(jù)句子if you realize that education is self-education可知,如果你意識到真正的教育是自我教育,你將會享受你的教育經(jīng)歷并得到更多益處,故選C項。 答案:C,,,,,A,B,as it is you who 11 how much and how well you will learn. Learning is a partnership of two or more willing minds.Your teachers can 12 you with information and guidance,,11.A.decides B.notices C.recognizes D.guesses 解析:A項“決定”;B項“通知”;C項“辨認(rèn)出”;D項“猜出”。根據(jù)句子as it is you who how much and how well you will learn可知正是你自己決定你會學(xué)多少以及學(xué)得多好,故選A項。 答案:A 12.A.assist B.mix C.honor D.charge 解析:A項“幫助”;B項“混合”;C項“敬佩”;D項“收費”。根據(jù)句子Your teachers can you with information and guidance可知老師可以幫助你獲得知識并引導(dǎo)你,故選A項。 答案:A,,,,,A,B,but much of the responsibility to learn is on your 13 .If you welcome this 14 ,,13.A.family B.desk C.feet D.shoulders 解析:A項“家”;B項“桌子”;C項“腳”;D項“肩膀”。根據(jù)句子but much of the responsibility to learn is on your 以及常識可知,大部分要學(xué)的責(zé)任還是在你肩上,故選D項。 答案:D 14.A.trick B.fun C.luck D.responsibility 解析:A項“詭計”;B項“趣味”;C項“幸運”;D項“責(zé)任”。根據(jù)句子If you welcome this ,you will exercise more可知如果你歡迎責(zé)任,你會得到更多鍛煉,故選D項。 答案:D,,,,,A,B,you will exercise more control over your 15 experience,both in and out of the classroom.Then,even if some of your instructors 16 to meet their responsibilities in the partnership,,15.A.business B.travel C.college D.work 解析:A項“商業(yè)”;B項“旅行”;C項“大學(xué)”;D項“工作”。根據(jù)句子you will exercise more control over your experience,both in and out of the classroom可知選C項。 答案:C 16.A.fail B.continue C.stop D.desire 解析:A項“失敗”;B項“繼續(xù)”;C項“停止”;D項“渴望”。根據(jù)句子even if some of your instructors to meet their responsibilities in the partnership可知,此處表示盡管你為承擔(dān)團隊責(zé)任做出的指導(dǎo)失敗了,故選A項。 答案:A,,,,,A,B,you can still 17 the situation from your side. Having more control will make you feel more fully involved,and feeling more involved will make you more 18 about your education;,17.A.damage B.control C.avoid D.describe 解析:A項“傷害”;B項“控制”;C項“避免”;D項“描述”。前文說盡管你為承擔(dān)團隊責(zé)任做出的指導(dǎo)失敗了,你仍能從內(nèi)部控制這種情形,故選B項。 答案:B 18.A.scared B.enthusiastic C.careful D.guilty 解析:A項“害怕的”;B項“熱情的”;C項“認(rèn)真的”;D項“內(nèi)疚的”。根據(jù)句子Having more control will make you feel more fully involved,and feeling more involved will make you more about your education可知,更多的控制會使你覺得對你的教育更有熱情,故選B項。 答案:B,,,,,A,B,19 ,you will not only increase your capacity to learn but will probably 20 the process more.You will also experience a greater sense of freedom and direction.,19.A.in particular B.for example C.in other words D.as a result 解析:A項“特別地”;B項“例如”;C項“換句話說”;D項“結(jié)果”,根據(jù)后文內(nèi)容可知,應(yīng)是“結(jié)果你不僅會增加學(xué)習(xí)能力,還會……”。故選D項。 答案:D 20.A.believe B.doubt C.regret D.enjoy 解析:A項“相信”;B項“懷疑”;C項“后悔”;D項“喜歡,享受”。根據(jù)句子you will not only increase your capacity to learn but will probably the process more可知你不僅會增加學(xué)習(xí)能力,還會享受這個過程,故選D項。 答案:D,,,,,