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Unit 3 Under the sea,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,1.annualadj.每年的;按年度計算的n.年刊;年鑒 annuallyadv.每年地 2.witnessvt.當場見到;目擊n.目擊者;證人;證據(jù) 3.accommodationn.住所;住宿 accommodate vt.提供住宿;使適應 4.opposite prep.在……對面adj.相對的;相反的 5.pausevi.拋棄 abandonedadj.被拋棄的,放縱的,,,,,,,,,,,,,,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,10.conservationn.保護;保存 conservevt.保存;保護 11.targetn.目標;靶;受批評的對象 12.reflectvt.映射;反射;思考vi.思考 reflectionn.映像;思考;反映 13.pureadj.純的;純粹的;純潔的 purelyadv.完全;僅僅 14.awareadj.意識到的;知道的 awarenessn.意識 15.vividadj.生動的;鮮明的;鮮艷的 vividlyadv.生動地;鮮明地;鮮艷地 16.neatadj.整齊的;勻稱的 neatlyadv.整潔地;整齊地,,,,,,,,,,,,,,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,17.narrowadj.狹窄的;有限的;狹隘的 narrowlyadv.狹窄地;勉強地 18.sharpadj.銳利的;鋒利的;敏捷的 sharpenvt.使鋒利;使尖銳vi.尖銳 sharpenern.卷筆刀;磨具 19.tastyadj.好吃的 tastevt.品嘗n.味道;品味 tastelessadj.無味的;無鑒賞力的 20.scarevt.恐嚇 vi.受驚嚇 scaredadj.恐懼的,害怕的 scaryadj.引起恐慌的 21.Antarcticadj.南極的,,,,,,,,,,,,,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,22.pension n.養(yǎng)老金;退休金 pensioner n.領(lǐng)取養(yǎng)老金者,,,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,1.in the meantime 在此期間;與此同時 2.help (.)out 幫助(某人)擺脫困境或危難 3.be/become aware of 對……知道,明白;意識到…… 4.upside down 上下翻轉(zhuǎn) 5.(be) scared to death 嚇死了 6.ahead of 優(yōu)于;在……前面 7.hold up 舉起,抬起;支撐;阻擋;使延誤 8.sort out 整理;選出;解決 9.get close to 靠近,,,,,,,,,,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,1.那個時期,虎鯨(當時被稱為“殺手”)幫助捕鯨人在每年須鯨遷徙時捕捉須鯨。 It was a time when the killer whales,or “killers” as they were then called,helped the whalers catch the baleen whales that were on their annual migration. 2.走近一看,原來是一頭大鯨受到約六、七條虎鯨的攻擊。 As we drew closer,I could see a whale being attacked by a pack of about six other killers. 3.這是宣告捕鯨行動馬上就要開始的呼聲。 This was the call that announced there was about to be a whale hunt. 4.我們及時趕到岸邊,看到對面有一個龐大的動物猛力躍出海面,然后又墜落到水里。 We ran down to the shore in time to see an enormous animal opposite us throwing itself out of the water and then crashing down again. 5.海水很淺,但到了珊瑚礁的盡頭,就有一個陡坡,一直下降到滿是沙子的海底。 The water was quite shallow but where the reef ended,there was a steep drop to the sandy ocean floor.,,,,,,,Clancy had heard that every year the killers helped whalers catch huge whales.After working at the whaling station,he 1.witnessed(witness) it with his own eyes. On the afternoon he arrived,when he was sorting out his 2.accommodation(accommodate),he heard 3.a loud noise coming from the bay.Then he jumped into the boat with other whalers and headed out into the bay,4.where he saw a pack of about six killers working as a team attacking a whale.Some were throwing 5.themselves(them) on top of the whale’s blow-hole to stop it breathing 6.and others were stopping it diving or fleeing out to sea. Then the whaler in the bow of the boat aimed the harpoon at the whale.He let it go and the harpoon hit the spot.The badly 7.wounded(wound) soon died.Clancy was surprised 8.to find(find) the killers dragged the whale’s body 9.swiftly(swift) down into the depths of the sea.The whalers turned the boat around and went home.,,,,,,,,,,,He was told that the body wouldn’t float up for around 24 hours,during which the killers would have a good feed 10.on its lips and tongue.The whalers would return the next morning to bring in the body.,,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,?witness vt.當場見到;目擊;經(jīng)歷,見證n.目擊者;證人;證據(jù) I thought,at the time,that this was just a story but then I witnessed it with my own eyes many times.當時我以為只是一個故事罷了,但是后來我親眼見過多次。(教材原句P20) ◆常見用法 1.witness sth.見證……;目擊…… witness to sth./doing sth.為……作證 2.bear/give witness to 證實……,證明…… be (a) witness to 看見(某事發(fā)生);是……的目擊者 appeal for witnesses尋找目擊者,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,Her principal was called to witness to her good character.她的校長被傳喚來證明她優(yōu)良的品德。 This old building has witnessed better days.這棟老房子見證過曾經(jīng)的輝煌。 The temples and theaters all bear witness to the city’s former greatness.廟宇和劇院都印證了這個城市以前的輝煌。 The detectives are appealing for witnesses.偵探正在尋找目擊者。,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,◆詞義辨析 1.witness指證據(jù)或證人,尤指后者,且有親眼見到之意。 Witnesses to the crash say they saw an explosion just before the disaster.空難目擊者稱,就在災難發(fā)生之前他們看見飛機發(fā)生了爆炸。 2.proof指足以直接證明某事為事實的依據(jù),側(cè)重作為充分證據(jù)所導致的結(jié)果。 Have you got any proof that you own this bike?你有什么證據(jù)證明這輛自行車是你的? 3.evidence為普通用詞,在法律上指能起證明作用的,如證明、公證書以及所有的實物東西等。在生活中指任何一樣可證明某一件事的真實性的東西。 There wasn’t enough evidence to prove his guilt.沒有充分的證據(jù)能證明他有罪。,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,◆現(xiàn)學活用 完成句子 1.有誰目擊了這場交通事故? Did anyone witness the traffic accident? 2.許多變革發(fā)生于19世紀。 The 19th century witnessed many changes. 3.司機作證說,他看到此人進入那棟建筑物。 The driver witnessed to having seen the man enter the building.,,,,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,?urge vt.催促;極力主張;驅(qū)策 “Man overboard!Turn the boat around!”urged George,shouting loudly.喬治大聲喊道:“有人落水了!把船頭調(diào)回去!”(教材原句P20) ◆常見用法 1.urge sb.to do sth.催促某人做某事 urge that/It is urged that.極力主張(從句用虛擬語氣) urge sb./sth.on 激勵(人);驅(qū)策(動物) urge sth.on sb.向某人強調(diào)某事 2.have an urge to do sth.渴望做某事 I urge that you (should) read this report carefully.我勸你仔細看看這份報告。 He urged the horses on with a whip.他用鞭子策馬前行。 They urged on us the need for cooperation.他們向我們強調(diào)合作的必要性。,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,◆拓展延伸 urgent adj.緊急的,迫切的 in urgent need of 急需 ◆現(xiàn)學活用 單句填空 1.They urged us to give(give) our support. 2.Urged(urge) on by the crowd,the Italian team scored two more goals. 3.These people are in urgent(urge) need of relief.,,,,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,?abandon vt.遺棄,拋棄;放棄,終止;使放縱,使聽任 From James’s face,I could see he was terrified of being abandoned by us.從詹姆斯的臉上我能看出他非?？只?生怕被我們遺棄。(教材原句P21) ◆常見用法 1.abandon sth.for sth.放棄……而從事…… abandon oneself to 沉溺于,縱情于(=be addicted to) be abandoned by被……拋棄 2.with/in abandon盡情地;放縱地 The bad weather forced them to abandon their plan.惡劣的天氣迫使他們終止了計劃。 Those who abandon themselves to despair can not succeed.那些自暴自棄的人不會成功。 People were shouting and cheering in gay abandon.人們興高采烈,縱情歡呼。,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,◆拓展延伸 abandoned adj.被遺棄的;無約束的 an abandoned car 一輛廢棄的汽車 ◆詞義辨析 abandon, desert與give up 1.abandon強調(diào)永遠或完全地放棄或拋棄人或事物等,這可能是被迫的,也可能是自愿的。 After careful consideration, it was agreed to abandon the project.經(jīng)過慎重考慮,大家同意放棄這個項目。 2.desert著重指違背法律責任和義務,或自己的信仰與誓言的行為,多含非難的意味。 He has been deserted by most of his advisers.他的大多數(shù)顧問都棄他而去。 3.give up側(cè)重指沒有希望或因外界壓力而放棄。 Coastguards had given up all hope of finding the two divers alive.海岸警衛(wèi)隊對兩位潛水員生還已完全不抱希望。,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,◆現(xiàn)學活用 用abandon及其相關(guān)短語的適當形式填空 那個孩子被他的父母遺棄了。后來有人發(fā)現(xiàn)那個被拋棄的孩子在大街上游蕩,他已陷入了絕望。 The child was abandoned by his parents.Later on,the abandoned boy was found wandering in the street,abandoning himself to despair .,,,,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,?reflect vt.反射;映射;思考 vi.思考 I’m sitting in the warm night air with a cold drink in my hand and reflecting on the day—a day of pure magic!我坐在溫暖的夜空下,手里拿著一瓶冷飲,回憶著當天的事情——這是神奇的一天!(教材原句P24) White clothes are cooler because they reflect the heat.白色的衣服因為反射熱穿起來比較涼快。,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,◆常見用法 be reflected in 反射在……;反映出…… reflect sb./sth.in sth.在……中反射出…… reflect sth.from sth.從某物(表面)反射(光、熱、聲等) reflect on/upon sth.認真思考某事 reflect what/how.反映出,顯示出 Increased sales were reflected in higher profits.銷售量的增加顯示了更高的利潤。 Does this letter reflect what you really think?這封信是否表達了你真實的想法? ◆巧學妙記,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,◆拓展延伸 refection n.反射;反映;思考 be a reflection of 是……的反映 be lost in reflection陷入深思中 on reflection再三考慮 ◆現(xiàn)學活用 單句填空 1.She could see her face reflected(reflect) in the water. 2.Take some time to reflect on your future plans. 3.The rising crime rate is a reflection(reflect) of an unstable society. 4.Just as the clothes a person wears,the food he eats and the friends with whom he spends his time,his house reflects(reflect) his personality.,,,,,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,?aware adj.意識到的;知道的 The first thing I became aware of was all the vivid colours surrounding me—purples,reds,oranges,yellows,blues and greens.我首先注意到的是我周圍那些鮮艷的色彩——紫色、紅色、橘黃、明黃、藍色和綠色等。(教材原句P24) ◆常見用法 be/become aware of 意識到,覺察到 be aware that.意識到,覺察到…… make sb.aware of 使某人知道、明白 as far as I’m aware據(jù)我所知,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,I was a millionaire,but was aware that there were a lot of hungry people in the world.我曾是百萬富翁,但我意識到世界上還有許多忍饑挨餓的人。 Their sudden attack made us more aware of the danger around us.他們突然的攻擊使我們更加注意我們周圍的危險。 ◆拓展延伸 awareness n.意識;知道 unaware adj.沒有發(fā)覺的;不知道的 be unaware of沒有發(fā)覺……,不知道…… It is important that students develop an awareness of valuing parents’ love.重要的是學生們要逐漸懂得珍惜父母的愛。,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,◆現(xiàn)學活用 用aware的相關(guān)用法完成句子 1.據(jù)我所知,尚無人對此采取任何措施。 As far as I’m aware,nobody has done anything about it. 2.缺乏對地方習俗文化差異的了解會帶來麻煩。 A lack of awareness of cultural differences to local customs can create problems. 3.我們正意識到光污染的負面影響。 We are becoming aware of the negative effects of light pollution. 4.應當讓司機認識到酒后開車的危險。 Drivers should be made aware of the danger of driving after drinking.,,,,,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,?scare vt.恐嚇 vi.受驚嚇 I told myself they weren’t dangerous but that didn’t stop me from feeling scared to death for a moment!我自言自語地說它們并不危險,但是這樣一點也不能抑制我那怕得要死的心情。(教材原句P24) ◆常見用法 scare.away/off把……嚇跑了 scare sb.into/out of doing sth.恐嚇某人做/不做某事 scare sb.to death把某人嚇得要死 The dog scared the thief away.狗把小偷嚇跑了。 His threats scared them out of carrying out the plan.他的威脅迫使他們不敢實行該計劃。 You scared them to death with your mouth.你一開口就把他們嚇了個半死。,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,◆拓展延伸 1.scaring adj.令人害怕的 scared adj.感到害怕的,感到驚恐的 be scared to do sth.不敢做某事 be scared of/that.害怕…… be scared to death 嚇得要命 ◆現(xiàn)學活用 用適當?shù)慕樵~填空 1.Some parents try to scare their children into behaving well. 2.The child has always been scared of dogs. 3.His face was white as a sheet and he looked scared to death.,,,,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,help (.) out幫助(某人)擺脫困境或危難 What evidence was there that Old Tom was helping the whalers out?有什么證據(jù)能表明(虎鯨)老湯姆在幫捕鯨人擺脫困境?(教材原句P21) My father helped me out with money when I lost my job.我失業(yè)的時候,父親資助我錢幫我渡過難關(guān)。 He helped her out of the car.他幫她從轎車里出來。,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,◆拓展延伸 1.help sb.with sth.幫助某人做某事 help sb.(to) do sth.幫助某人做某事 can’t help to do sth.幫不上忙做某事 can’t help doing sth.情不自禁,忍不住做某事 can’t help but do sth.不得不做某事 help oneself to 隨便吃、喝等;自取 2.with one’s help/with the help of 在某人的幫助下 ◆現(xiàn)學活用 單句填空 1.Whenever I hear the story,I cannot help crying(cry). 2.We were told to help ourselves to the food at the party. 3.When she saw the accident,she couldn’t help but cry(cry).,,,,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,?see sb.看見某人…… We ran down to the shore in time to see an enormous animal opposite us throwing itself out of the water and then crashing down again.我們及時趕到岸邊,看到對面有一個龐大的動物猛力躍出海面,然后又墜落到水里。(教材原句P20) see后可接現(xiàn)在分詞、(不帶to的)動詞不定式及過去分詞作賓語補足語,在含義上也有所區(qū)別: see sb.doing sth.強調(diào)看見某人正在做某事,其被動語態(tài)為be seen doing sth.。 see sb.do sth.強調(diào)動作的完成,其被動語態(tài)為be seen to do sth.。 在see sb./sth.done結(jié)構(gòu)中,賓語和賓語補足語在邏輯上為被動關(guān)系。 還有一些感官動詞也具有類似的用法,常見的這類動詞有 feel,hear,watch,notice,observe 等。,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,◆現(xiàn)學活用 單句填空 1.To learn English well,we should find opportunities to hear English spoken(speak) as much as we can. 2.I heard her singing(sing) an English song when I passed by her room yesterday.,,,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,?where.,there be.在……的地方,有…… The water was quite shallow but where the reef ended,there was a steep drop to the sandy ocean floor.水很淺,但到了珊瑚礁的盡頭,就有一個陡坡,一直下降到滿是沙子的海底。(教材原句P24) where.,there be.意為“在……的地方,有……”,where引導地點狀語從句。 Where man is greedy,there is never peace.只要人類有貪欲,就絕不會有和平。 Where there is a will,there is a way.有志者事竟成。 where引導的地點狀語從句一般放在主句的后面,但在一些諺語或表示抽象意義的句子中,常將地點狀語從句放在主句之前。 The little girl who got lost decided to remain where she was and wait for her mother.那個迷路的小女孩決定待在原地等她媽媽。,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,◆拓展延伸 wherever“在何處,無論何處”,既可引導讓步狀語從句,也可引導地點狀語從句。 As far as I’m concerned,you are free to go wherever you like.在我看來,你愿意去哪里就去哪里。 ◆現(xiàn)學活用 完成句子 1.有團結(jié)就有勝利。 Where there is unity ,there is victory. 2.無火不生煙,無風不起浪。 Where there is smoke,there is fire. 3.我已經(jīng)決定兩年后大學畢業(yè)時去最需要我的地方。 I’ve made up my mind to go where I’m most needed after I graduate from university in two years’ time.,,,,一、單句填空 1.(2015·浙江高考改編)If you’re lucky enough to land such an (accommodate),though,be sure you’re 100 percent on time. 1.accommodation?？涨坝胁欢ü谠~an修飾,此空填名詞。句意:如果你很幸運,得到了去這樣的工作場所的機會,務必要準時抵達。 2.(2014·上海高考改編)The British and Swedish governments have introduced a so-called “traffic light system” to classify foods healthy or unhealthy. 2.as。固定搭配classify…as…“把……分類為……”。 3.(2014·福建高考改編)—Could you tell me the trick of making such (taste) cakes? —Well,I just follow the directions in the cookbook. 3.tasty。此處應用形容詞修飾名詞cakes。tasty“可口的,美味的”。句意:——你能告訴我制作如此美味的蛋糕的竅門嗎?——喔,我只是按照食譜上的說明做的。,4.(2014·湖北高考改編)The author urges readers (consider) the role of elevators in city development. 4.to consider。urge sb.to do sth.“催促某人做某事”,不定式作賓語補足語。句意:作者催促讀者考慮電梯在城市發(fā)展中的作用。 5.(2014·湖北高考改編)He wanted the glass surfaces (reflect) the sky and the city. 5.to reflect。want sth.to do sth.意為“想用某物來做某事”。句意:他想用玻璃的表面來映射天空和城市。 6.(2013·陜西高考改編)Those (witness) questioned by the police just now gave very different descriptions of the fight. 6.witnesses。witness作“目擊者,見證人”講時為可數(shù)名詞,其復數(shù)形式為witnesses。句意:剛才警察盤問的那些證人對打架事件做了各種不同的描述。,7.(2013·陜西高考改編)I came upon a shabby house (abandon),full of broken glass and rubbish. 7.abandoned。house與abandon之間為被動關(guān)系,應用過去分詞作后置定語。句意:我遇到了一所被遺棄的房子,里面到處都是玻璃碎片和垃圾。 8.(2013·安徽高考改編)They make the wishes come true either by providing things that are necessary,or by raising money or (help) out in whatever way they can. 8.helping?？崭袂笆÷粤薭y,應用動名詞helping。句意:他們是通過以下方式使愿望成真的:提供必須的物品、籌資或以他們所能采用的任何方式來幫助他們擺脫困境。 9.Often in movies about schools,students gain (popular) on the athletics field more than in the classroom. 9.popularity。此處應用名詞作動詞gain的賓語。,10.To a small and faraway town like this,a car accident is always considered interest,so people soon gathered around. 10.of?！皁f+抽象名詞”相當于名詞的形容詞形式,表示事物的特征。此處of interest 相當于interesting。,二、單元話題微寫作 保護企鵝 根據(jù)提示,將以下句子連成一篇英語短文。 1.一位農(nóng)民目睹了一場可怕的情景,360只企鵝在兩夜間都被狐貍殺死了。(witness;terrifying;penguin) 2.此后,他發(fā)現(xiàn)中島上幾乎到處都有遺棄的死企鵝。(Middle Island;abandoned) 3.當?shù)毓賳T催促他幫忙解決困境。(urge;help out) 4.仔細思考后,他建議在島上放養(yǎng)一只獵狗來保護企鵝。(reflect on) 5.狐貍看到狗就被嚇跑了,有的甚至被嚇死了。(flee away;be scared to death) 6.因為意識到了獵狗的重要作用,政府在島上放養(yǎng)了更多的獵狗。(be aware of),A farmer witnessed a terrifying scene.360 penguins were killed by foxes over about two nights.From then on,he found dead penguins abandoned nearly everywhere on Middle Island.Local authorities urged him to help out.After reflecting on what had happened,he suggested sending one hunting dog to protect the penguins.The moment the dog appeared,foxes were frightened to flee away,some were even scared to death.Aware of the important role the dog played,the local government introduced more dogs on the island.,