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專題一 記敘文,【文體攻略】 記敘文是高考完形填空題中出現(xiàn)頻率最高的一類文體。近幾年主要以敘事、記人為主,有幽默故事、童話寓言、歷史故事、人物傳記等,大多數(shù)都富有積極的教育意義,給人以人生的啟迪或是充滿了生活情趣和人生感悟。有的記敘文在結(jié)尾處稍加一兩句議論,常常涉及文章內(nèi)涵,這是對(duì)記敘部分的升華。 解答記敘文體的完形填空,常用以下幾點(diǎn)答題技巧: 1.讀透首句,掌握主旨 重視首句,明確短文話題,了解篇章結(jié)構(gòu),預(yù)測(cè)全文內(nèi)容。絕大多數(shù)記敘文的作者都會(huì)用一句話點(diǎn)明人物的姓名、身份或事件發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn),然后再逐漸深入介紹事件的發(fā)生、發(fā)展,最后得出結(jié)論。所以讀透句首對(duì)于學(xué)生了解全篇至關(guān)重要,這就是我們理解文章內(nèi)在聯(lián)系的“突破口”。,2.跳空速讀全文,掌握中心 速讀全文要求一氣呵成,跳過(guò)空格,快速閱讀,領(lǐng)會(huì)大意,把握中心。重點(diǎn)了解記敘文的要素,如:時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物和事件等,從整體上把握文章的敘述順序和結(jié)構(gòu)主線。 3.身臨其境,故事重構(gòu) 采取換位思考的方式,假設(shè)自己就是故事的主人公,在此情此景下,模擬故事的情景,體會(huì)人物的心情,推理故事的發(fā)展、體驗(yàn)作者的心情以及觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度等。這樣才能對(duì)故事或事件有一個(gè)貼切的把握,才能選出符合語(yǔ)境的選項(xiàng)。同時(shí)要注意文化背景知識(shí)和生活常識(shí)。 4.關(guān)注末段,注意感想 最后一段通常是作者的有感而發(fā)、心理體驗(yàn)或經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn)等。要注意結(jié)合語(yǔ)境選用合適的形容詞、副詞、動(dòng)詞或名詞等。,5.瀏覽全文,復(fù)查核定 根據(jù)記敘文的線索,考生一定要進(jìn)行回查,仔細(xì)推敲,校正全文,使故事恢復(fù)原貌。檢查要點(diǎn)是:(1)語(yǔ)意是否前后一致;(2)上下文是否通順連貫,內(nèi)容是否完整;(3)所選詞匯是否符合語(yǔ)法、句法結(jié)構(gòu);(4)文化背景和生活常識(shí)是否合理。,【典例示范】,(2015課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷Ⅰ) My kids and I were heading into the supermarket over the weekend.On the way,we spotted a man holding a piece of paper that said,“ 41 my job.Family to Feed.” At this store,a 42 like this is not normal.My 10-year-old noticed him and made a 43 on how bad it must be to have to stand 44 in the cold wind. In the store,I asked each of my kids to 45 something they thought our “friend”there would 46 .They got apples,a sandwich and a bottle of juice.Then my 17-year-old suggested giving him a 47 .I thought about it.We were 48 on cash ourselves,but.well,sometimes 49 from our need instead of our abundance is 50 what we need to do!All the kids 51 something they could do away with for the week.,When we handed him the bag of 52 ,he lit up and thanked us with 53 eyes.When I handed him the gift card,saying he could use it for 54 his family might need,he burst into tears. This has been a wonderful 55 for our family.For days the kids have been looking for others we can 56 !Things would have played out so 57 if I had simply said,“No,we really don’t have 58 to give more.”Stepping out not only helped a brother in 59 ,it also gave my kids the 60 taste of helping others.It’ll go a long way with them.,41.A.Lost B.Changed C.Quit D.Finished 42.A.condition B.place C.sight D.show 43.A.suggestion B.comment C.decision D.call 44.A.outside B.proudly C.by D.angrily 45.A.draw B.say C.arrange D.pick 46.A.order B.supply C.appreciate D.discover 47.A.dollar B.job C.hot meal D.gift card 48.A.easy B.low C.soft D.loose 49.A.giving B.saving C.spending D.begging 50.A.yet B.even C.still D.just 51.A.declared B.shared C.ignored D.expected 52.A.toys B.medicine C.food D.clothes 53.A.sleepy B.watery C.curious D.sharp 54.A.whoever B.whatever C.whichever D.whenever,55.A.experience B.example C.message D.adventure 56.A.rely on B.respect C.learn from D.help 57.A.suddenly B.vividly C.differently D.perfectly 58.A.time B.power C.patience D.money 59.A.fear B.love C.need D.memory 60.A.strong B.sweet C.strange D.simple,【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】本文為記敘文。作者和孩子們周末去超市購(gòu)物時(shí),在超市外面看到一名男子在乞討。作者和孩子們?yōu)檫@位乞討者挑選了一些食物,并送給他一張代金卡。幫助他人給孩子們帶來(lái)了很多的快樂(lè)。 41.A 根據(jù)后面的“Family to Feed.”可以推斷出,這位男子失業(yè)了,同時(shí)還需要撫養(yǎng)家人,所以他上街乞討。 42.C 作者在此處想要說(shuō)明的是,上文描述的男子乞討的情景并不常見(jiàn)。sight在此處意為“景象,情景”,符合語(yǔ)境。condition“條件,環(huán)境”;place“地方”;show“展覽,表演”。 43.B make a comment on sth.是固定搭配,意為“評(píng)論某事”。作者10歲的孩子注意到了那名乞討的男子并進(jìn)行了評(píng)論。 44.A 根據(jù)前面的“how bad”以及后面的“in the cold wind”可知,這名男子是站在外面進(jìn)行乞討的。,45.D 進(jìn)入商店后,作者要求每個(gè)孩子挑選他們覺(jué)得我們的這位“朋友”最可能重視的東西。pick在此處意為“選擇,挑選”。 46.C appreciate在此處意為“重視,歡迎”,符合語(yǔ)境。order“訂購(gòu)”;supply“提供,供應(yīng)”;discover“發(fā)現(xiàn)”。 47.D 根據(jù)下文第54空所在的句子中的“When I handed him the gift card”可知,此處作者17歲的孩子建議送給乞討的男子一張代金卡。 48.B low在此處是形容詞,意為“少的,缺少(錢)的”,說(shuō)明作者一家也不富裕,經(jīng)濟(jì)也很拮據(jù)。 49.A 根據(jù)下文內(nèi)容可知,作者的兒子想把這張代金卡送給那位乞討的男子,雖然他們也不富裕,但是作者還是同意了。,50.D just在此處意為“恰好”。作者認(rèn)為在自己不富有的情況下為他人提供幫助恰好是我們需要做的事情。 51.A 作者的孩子們非常支持17歲的哥哥(或姐姐)的做法,他們紛紛宣布取消自己在這一周要買的東西,為的是把代金卡送給乞討的男子。 52.C 上文提到作者一家在商店主要購(gòu)買了一些食物,所以此處指的是我們把那袋子食物遞到了乞討男子的手中。 53.B 當(dāng)作者一家把那袋子食物遞給乞討的男子時(shí),他非常高興,眼含熱淚感謝我們。watery意為“濕潤(rùn)的,水汪汪的”。 54.B 作者把代金卡也送給了那名男子,并告訴他可以用來(lái)購(gòu)買家人可能需要的任何東西。 55.A 根據(jù)下文內(nèi)容可知,幫助乞討男子的事情對(duì)于作者一家來(lái)說(shuō)一直是一次美好的經(jīng)歷。 56.D 因?yàn)樯衔闹v述的是幫助他人的經(jīng)歷,所以此處表示作者的孩子們一連好幾天到處尋找我們能夠幫助的人。,57.C 此處使用了虛擬語(yǔ)氣,表示作者的假想:如果自己當(dāng)初不同意幫助乞討的男子,情況會(huì)完全不同。 58.D 根據(jù)常理可知,幫助乞討的人主要需要付出金錢,而不是時(shí)間、能力或耐心,所以此處應(yīng)選money。 59.C in need是固定短語(yǔ),意為“需要幫助的”。作者一家?guī)椭艘晃恍枰獛椭娜恕?60.B 根據(jù)常理可知,幫助他人會(huì)給人帶來(lái)甜蜜的滋味和快樂(lè)的感受,所以此處應(yīng)選sweet。 【文章結(jié)構(gòu)】,A,B,A (2015湖北卷) “Daily Star,sir,”called Jason,carrying some newspapers under his arm.The little boy had been running up and down the street,but there were still twenty 1 left.His voice was almost gone and his heart was 2 .The shops would soon close,and all the people would go home.,1.A.shops B.coins C.people D.papers 解析:根據(jù)前文的“.carrying some newspapers under his arm.”可知,此處表示還剩下20份報(bào)紙。故選D項(xiàng)。 答案:D 2.A.open B.heavyC.pure D.weak 解析:根據(jù)上下文可知,小男孩的報(bào)紙還剩下20份,而街上行人越來(lái)越少,他沒(méi)有掙到所需要的錢,因此心情沉重。heavy“沉重的,低落的”,符合語(yǔ)境。故選B項(xiàng)。 答案:B,,,,,A,B,The shops would soon close,and all the people would go home.He would have to go home too,carrying the papers 3 money.He had hoped to sell more papers tonight to make more money to buy a 4 for his mother and some seeds for his bird.That was why he had bought the papers with all his money.,3.A.instead of B.in return for C.regardless of D.in exchange for 解析:小男孩沒(méi)將報(bào)紙賣出去,因此就會(huì)帶著這些報(bào)紙而不是掙到的錢回家。instead of“代替,而不是”,符合句意。 答案:A 4.A.cup B.cardC.comb D.cake 解析:根據(jù)下文的“and the cake he wanted to buy for his mother,.”可知,他想給母親買個(gè)蛋糕。故選D項(xiàng)。 答案:D,,,,,A,B,He 5 as he thought of his failure to sell all his papers. “You don’t know the 6 of selling papers.You must shout,‘Hot news!Bomb bursting!’”,5.A.gave in B.broke down C.got away D.showed up 解析:此處句意為“一想到他沒(méi)有將全部報(bào)紙賣出去,他情緒低落”。give in“屈服,讓步”;break down“情緒低落,出故障”;get away“脫身,離開(kāi)”;show up“出現(xiàn)”。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知選B項(xiàng)。 答案:B 6.A.difficulty B.process C.goal D.secret 解析:根據(jù)下文可知,這時(shí)一位報(bào)童開(kāi)始向他傳授賣報(bào)的“秘訣”,故選D項(xiàng)。 答案:D,,,,,A,B,another newsboy Chad told Jason.“ 7 it’s not in the paper at all,”replied Jason.“Just run away quickly 8 they have time to see,,7.A.And B.ButC.For D.So 解析:根據(jù)下文可知,此處表示這樣的消息根本不是報(bào)紙上的內(nèi)容,因此選B項(xiàng),but表示轉(zhuǎn)折。 答案:B 8.A.before B.since C.though D.unless 解析:此處表示“趁著他們還沒(méi)來(lái)得及看就快速跑開(kāi),這樣你就能將報(bào)紙賣光也能掙到錢了”。故此處選A項(xiàng)before,表示“在……之前,還沒(méi)來(lái)得及”。 答案:A,,,,,A,B,and you’ll 9 out and get your money,”Chad said. It was a new 10 to Jason.He thought of his bird with no 11 and the cake he wanted to buy for his mother,,9.A.call B.drop C.sell D.reach 解析:此處表示將報(bào)紙“賣光”,故選C項(xiàng)。 答案:C 10.A.edition B.idea C.policy D.task 解析:這位報(bào)童所說(shuō)的對(duì)賈森來(lái)說(shuō)是一個(gè)新的“主意”,故選B項(xiàng)。 答案:B 11.A.bread B.insects C.seeds D.water 解析:根據(jù)上文的“.some seeds for his bird.”可知,此處表示他想起了他無(wú)食可吃的鳥(niǎo)。故選C項(xiàng)。 答案:C,,,,,,,A,B,but was 12 that he would not tell a lie.Though he was 13 a poor newsboy,he had been 14 some good things.,12.A.concerned B.amazed C.excited D.determined 解析:根據(jù)前面的but可知,小男孩不想通過(guò)撒謊來(lái)獲得這些東西,此處表示“決定,決心”。故選D項(xiàng)。 答案:D 13.A.still B.already C.just D.also 解析:盡管他只是個(gè)貧窮的報(bào)童,但他一直以來(lái)也是接受正面教育的。just“僅僅,只不過(guò)”,符合語(yǔ)境。故選C項(xiàng)。 答案:C 14.A.taught B.handed C.awarded D.allowed 解析:此處表示他從小接受的都是些正面的教育。 答案:A,,,,,,,A,B,The next afternoon Jason went to the office for his papers 15 .Several boys were crowding around Chad,who declared with a 16 smile that he sold six dozen the day before.,15.A.at once B.by chance C.as usual D.on purpose 解析:第二天,這個(gè)小男孩像往常一樣來(lái)取報(bào)紙。as usual“像往常一樣”,符合語(yǔ)境。 答案:C 16.A.proud B.gentle C.warm D.polite 解析:那個(gè)教賈森賣報(bào)“秘訣”的男孩前一天賣出去6打報(bào)紙,被好幾個(gè)孩子圍著,臉上掛著得意的微笑。故選A項(xiàng)proud“感到得意的,驕傲的,自豪的”。 答案:A,,,,,A,B,He added that Jason 17 money because he would not tell a lie.The boys 18 at Jason.“You wouldn’t tell a lie yesterday,my boy?”,17.A.borrowed B.lost C.made D.saved 解析:他接著說(shuō)賈森因?yàn)椴辉敢馊鲋e,結(jié)果報(bào)紙沒(méi)賣出去,損失了很多錢。lose“丟失,損失”,符合語(yǔ)境。 答案:B 18.A.laughed B.shouted C.nodded D.stared 解析:根據(jù)下文可知,這些男孩嘲笑賈森的這種做法。故選A項(xiàng)。 答案:A,,,,,A,B,A gentleman at the office came up and patted Jason’s shoulder 19 .“You’re just the boy I am looking for.”A week later Jason started his new 20 .He lost the sale of twenty papers because he would not tell a lie,but got a well-paid job because he told the truth. 【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】本文為記敘文。一個(gè)貧窮的小男孩賣報(bào)卻因不愿撒謊欺騙讀者而遭遇失敗和他人的嘲弄。但他的誠(chéng)實(shí)卻為他贏得了一份高薪的工作。,A,B,19.A.bravely B.gratefully C.fondly D.modestly 解析:根據(jù)下文“You’re just the boy I am looking for.”可知此人很欣賞賈森的誠(chéng)實(shí),因此慈愛(ài)地拍著他的肩膀。fondly“慈愛(ài)地,憐愛(ài)地”,符合語(yǔ)境。 答案:C 20.A.duty B.business C.job D.method 解析:根據(jù)下文“.but got a well-paid job.”可知,此處表示“一周后,賈森開(kāi)始了他的新工作”。故選C項(xiàng)。 答案:C,,,,,A,B,B Joe Simpson and Simon Yates were the first people to climb the West Face of the Siula Grande in the Andes mountains.They reached the top 1 ,but on their way back conditions were very 2 .,1.A.hurriedly B.carefully C.successfully D.early 解析:根據(jù)空后的“but on their way back.”可推知他們成功登頂,故選successfully。 答案:C 2.A.difficult B.similar C.special D.normal 解析:由空后的“Joe fell and broke his leg.”可推知當(dāng)時(shí)的氣候條件一定很糟糕,故選difficult。 答案:A,,,,,A,B,Joe fell and broke his leg.They both knew that if Simon 3 alone,he would probably get back 4 .,3.A.climbed B.worked C.rested D.continued 解析:上句提到了喬失足摔下,故此處用continued表示“他們兩個(gè)都知道,如果西蒙獨(dú)自繼續(xù)下山”。 答案:D 4.A.unwillingly B.safely C.slowly D.regretfully 解析:此處用safely表示“他大概能夠安全地返回”。 答案:B,,,,,A,B,But Simon decided to risk his 5 and try to lower Joe down the mountain on a rope(繩). As they 6 down,the weather got worse.Then another 7 occurred.,5.A.fortune B.time C.health D.life 解析:fortune“運(yùn)氣,財(cái)富”;time“時(shí)間”;health“健康”;life“生命”。此處用life表示“但是西蒙決定拿自己的生命去冒險(xiǎn)”。 答案:D 6.A.lay B.settled C.went D.looked 解析:此處用went表示“當(dāng)他們下山的時(shí)候,天氣變得更加糟糕”。 答案:C 7.A.damage B.storm C.change D.trouble 解析:由上句中的“the weather got worse”可知,另外的麻煩出現(xiàn)了,故選trouble。 答案:D,,,,,,,A,B,They couldn’t see or hear each other and, 8 ,Simon lowered his friend over the edge of a precipice(峭壁).It was 9 for Joe to climb back or for Simon to pull him up.,8.A.by mistake B.by chance C.by choice D.by luck 解析:由于上句提到了“They couldn’t see or hear each other”,所以此處應(yīng)選擇by mistake,表示“他錯(cuò)誤地把他的朋友降到了峭壁的邊緣”。 答案:A 9.A.unnecessary B.practical C.important D.impossible 解析:由上句的“l(fā)owered his friend over the edge of a precipice(峭壁)”可知,對(duì)喬來(lái)說(shuō),爬回來(lái)或者西蒙把他拽回來(lái)是不可能的,故選D項(xiàng)。 答案:D,,,,,A,B,Joe’s 10 was pulling Simon slowly towards the precipice. 11 ,after more than an hour in the dark and the icy cold,,10.A.height B.weight C.strength D.equipment 解析:由于喬在峭壁的邊緣,所以他的體重把西蒙也慢慢地拉向了峭壁。故選B項(xiàng)。 答案:B 11.A.Finally B.Patiently C.Surely D.Quickly 解析:由“after more than an hour in the dark and the icy cold”可知,此處用Finally表示“最終,……”。 答案:A,,,,,A,B,after more than an hour in the dark and the icy cold,Simon had to 12 .In tears,he cut the rope.Joe 13 into a huge crevasse(裂縫) in the ice below.,12.A.stand back B.take a rest C.make a decision D.hold on 解析:此處用make a decision表示“西蒙不得不下決心,割斷繩子”。 答案:C 13.A.jumped B.fell C.escaped D.backed 解析:既然西蒙把繩子割斷了,所以喬掉進(jìn)了下面一個(gè)巨大的冰縫里。故選fell。 答案:B,,,,,A,B,He had no food or water and he was in terrible pain.He couldn’t walk,but he 14 to get out of the crevasse and started to 15 towards their camp,nearly ten kilometers 16 .,14.A.managed B.planned C.waited D.hoped 解析:由上句的“He couldn’t walk”以及空前的but可知此處用managed表示“他設(shè)法從裂縫中出去”。 答案:A 15.A.run B.skate C.move D.march 解析:由短文第一段內(nèi)容可知,此處應(yīng)選擇move表示“朝他們的營(yíng)地移動(dòng)”。 答案:C 16.A.around B.away C.above D.along 解析:表示“他們的營(yíng)地在接近10千米遠(yuǎn)的地方”要用away。 答案:B,,,,,,,A,B,Simon had 17 the camp at the foot of the mountain.He thought that Joe must be 18 ,,17.A.headed for B.traveled to C.left for D.returned to 解析:head for“前往”;travel to“到……去”;leave for“動(dòng)身去……”;return to“回到……”。此處用returned to表示“西蒙已經(jīng)回到了山腳下的營(yíng)地”。 答案:D 18.A.dead B.hurt C.weak D.late 解析:由空后的“but he didn’t want to leave”可知此處應(yīng)選擇dead與該段最后的alive呼應(yīng),表示“他認(rèn)為喬一定死了”。 答案:A,,,,,A,B,but he didn’t want to leave 19 .Three days later,in the middle of the night,he heard Joe’s voice.He couldn’t 20 it.Joe was there,a few meters from their tent,still alive. 【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】 喬和西蒙是首批登上安第斯山脈最高峰的人,但在下山時(shí),由于氣候條件的變化,喬失足摔下,雖然摔斷了一條腿,但三天后西蒙在距他們帳篷幾米遠(yuǎn)的地方聽(tīng)到了喬的聲音。,19.A.secretly B.tiredly C.immediately D.anxiously 解析:此處用immediately表示“他不想馬上離開(kāi)”。 答案:C 20.A.find B.believe C.make D.accept 解析:此處用believe表示“他不敢相信這件事情是真的:喬就在距離他們的帳篷幾米遠(yuǎn)的地方,仍然活著”。 答案:B,,,,,