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情態(tài)動詞,考點歸納,will, would 1)用于表示意志或意愿。will指現(xiàn)在，would指過去。 e.g. I will never do that again. They said that they would help us. 2)表示“請求；建議”。用would比will委婉、客氣些。 e.g. Will you please take a message for him? Would you please pass him the book？,1. 情態(tài)動詞的基本用法,3) 表示習慣性動作，“總是”“慣于”，will指現(xiàn) 在，would指過去。 e.g. Fish will die without water. 4) 表示預料或猜想。 e.g. It would be about ten when he left home. 5) 表示規(guī)律性的“注定”用will。 e.g. People will die without water or air.,can, could 1) 表示能力。 e.g. My grandma is well over eighty, but she can read without glasses. 2) 表示客觀可能性。 e.g. Accidents can happen to any drunken driver. 3) 表示請求和允許。 e.g. — Can I have a look at your design? — Yes, of course you can.,4) 表示驚訝、懷疑、不相信的態(tài)度。（主要用于否定句，疑問句和驚嘆句）。 e.g. What can he be doing at this time of night? 5) 表示請求，口語中常用could代替can, 使語氣更委婉。 e.g. Could you please help me with this furniture?,may, might 1) 表示允許、許可。否定回答時，一般用mustn’t，“禁止、阻止”。 e.g. —May I watch TV after supper? —Yes, you may. / No, you mustn't. 2) 表示請求、允許時，might比may的語氣更委婉；用May I…？征詢對方許可在語氣上比較客氣；用Can I…？征詢對方意見更常見。 e.g. —Might I use your telephone? —Yes, please. —May / Can I go home now? —Yes, you may / can.,3) 表示可能性的推測，“或許，可能”，用might代替may時，語氣顯得更加不肯定，用于陳述句中。 e.g. It may be true. She may come tomorrow. He might have some fever. 4) may用于祈使句中表示祝愿。 e.g. May you succeed！,must 1) 表示“必須；應該”。以must開頭的問句，否定回答常用needn’t或don’t have to，肯定回答用must。 e.g. You must come to school on time. 2) 表示有把握的推測，只用于肯定句中。 e.g. You must be ill. I can see it from your face. 3) 表示“非要；偏要”。 e.g. They are sleeping. Must you play the piano at this time？,have to 表示“必須；不得不”，強調客觀需要， 有時態(tài)，人稱的變化。 e.g. I can’t see things clearly. I have to wear glasses.,shall 1) 用于第一人稱，表示征求對方的意見。 e.g. What shall we do next？ 2) 用于第一、三人稱的疑問句，表示說話人征求對方的意見和向對方請示。 e.g. Shall we begin our lesson? Shall the driver wait？ 3) 用于第二、三人稱的陳述句，表示說話人給對方的命令、警告、允諾和威脅。 e.g. You shall go with me. He shall be punished.,should 1) 表示勸告或建議，“應該”。 e.g. We should be strict with ourselves. 2) 表示推測，“可能”或“應該”。 e.g. They should have arrived by two o’clock. 3) 用于第一人稱表示說話人的一種謙遜、客氣、委婉的語氣。 e.g. I should advise you not to do that. You are mistaken, I should say.,4) 用在if條件句中，表示可能性很小，但也不是完全不可能。 e.g. Ask Tom to ring me up if you should see him. 5) Why / how + should，表示意外，驚異，“竟會”。 e.g. Why should you be so late today？,need 表示“需要；必要”，用于否定句、疑問句中，只有現(xiàn)在時，其他時態(tài)用have to的相應形式代替。 e.g. You needn’t ask him the question. Need I finish the work before ten?,dare 表示“敢；敢于”，主要用于疑問句、否定句和條件從句中，一般不用于肯定句(I dare say除外)。 e.g. Dare you go alone there? The boy daren’t say so before the teacher. How dare he do such a thing？,ought to 1) 表示“應該”。 e.g. You ought to take care of him. 2) 表示推測。 e.g. He ought to be home by now.,used to 表示過去常常(現(xiàn)在已經不再)。 e.g. There used to be a temple here. had better 表示“最好”。 e.g. You had better finish it now.,【注意】 ① could, should, might不一定與過去時間 有關, 而是表示可能性弱于與其相應的 現(xiàn)在時形式; ② should/ought to表示推測時, 表示確定或 可能性大的合乎理想的情況或結果。,③ need和dare用作實義動詞時, 有詞形變化, 變成否定句、疑問句時, 要加助動詞。如： You don’t need to do it yourself. We should dare to give our own opinion.,2. 表示推測的情態(tài)動詞的層次比較 情態(tài)動詞的“推測”功能。如：can, could, may, might, must皆可表示推測，使用時要 注意以下幾點： 1) 注意語氣。語氣較強用must, cannot, couldn’t; 語氣較弱用may, might或can, could。 2) 注意句式。在肯定句中，一般用may, might, must; 在否定句、疑問句中常用can, could。,3) 注意時態(tài)。表示對現(xiàn)在或將來的情況的推測，此時通常用“情態(tài)動詞＋動詞原形”結構； 表示對現(xiàn)在或將來正在進行的情況進行推測，通常用“情態(tài)動詞＋進行體”結構； 表示對過去情況的推測，通常用“情態(tài)動詞＋完成體”結構。,3. 情態(tài)動詞+ have done must have done 表示對過去情況的肯定推測。 may / might have done 表示過去可能發(fā)生過某事。 3) could have done 表示過去可能發(fā)生，但并未發(fā)生，含有埋怨或訓斥之意；也可表示對過去可能發(fā)生的事情的一種推測。,,4) should / ought to have done 表示過去本該做（某事）而事實上未做；should not / ought not to have done表示過去本不該做（某事）但事實上卻做了，含有批評、責備之意。 5) need have done 表示過去本來有必要去做（某事），但事實上沒有做；need not have done表示過去本沒有必要做（某事），但事實上做了。,4. 考查情態(tài)動詞的特殊用法 1) cannot/can’t 與too/over/enough/perfectly/ sufficiently等詞連用，“越……越……”“無論怎樣……，……也不為過” “決不會……，……夠(過)”。,2) cannot wait to do sth. “急于做某事”。 3) may/might well＋動詞原形 “理應，有足夠的理由”； may/might as well＋動詞原形 “還不如，不妨，還是……的好”。,4) must “偏要，硬要”； can用在肯定句中， 可以表示客觀上的可能性； shall用在法律、條約、協(xié)定等文件中可以表示義務、規(guī)定等；should表示估計或推測上的“應該”，“可能，該，估計，按理應當”； will可以表示習慣性和傾向性，“慣于，老是，終歸是”等。,5) can/could與be able to辨析 時態(tài)區(qū)別 情態(tài)動詞can只有兩種時態(tài)形式, 現(xiàn)在式can和過去式could, be able to有多種時態(tài)形式。,語境結果區(qū)別 could可以表示過去的能力, was/were able to表示經過一番努力后取得了成功, 相當于manage to do或succeed in doing, 而could沒有這個含義。,1. —I’ve prepared all kinds of food for the picnic. —Do you mean we _____ bring anything with us? A. can’t B. mustn’t C. shan’t D. needn’t,2. It was sad to me that they, so poor themselves, _____ bring me food. A. might B. would C. should D. could 3. I’ve ordered some pizza, so we _____ worry about cooking when we get home tired. A. can’t B. dare not C. needn’t D. may not,4. They were abroad during the months when we were carrying out the investigation, or they _____ to our help. A. would have come B. could come C. have come D. had come 5. Life is unpredictable; even the poorest _____ become the richest. A. shall B. must C. need D. might,鞏固練習,1. As good friends, you _____ us about your trouble earlier. If so, all of us could have given you a hand. A. should tell B. might tell C. might have told D. should have told 2. According to school rules, all the students _____ do sports for at least one hour every day during school time. A. might B. shall C. may D. need,Ⅰ. 選擇填空。,3. —Artistic people can be very difficult to get on with sometimes. —Well, you _____ know — you married one. A. can B. might C. need D. should 4. You _____ be so upset about the result. Keep working hard and you will do better next time. A. needn’t B. mustn’t C. can’t D. won’t,5. —I have something important to tell John. But I can’t find him. —His cell phone is here, so he _____ have gone too far. A. mustn’t B. needn’t C. wouldn’t D. can’t 6. Those smokers must be aware of the harm that secondary smoking _____ cause to people around them. A. may B. must C. should D. need,Ⅱ. 從方框內選用合適的情態(tài)動詞并用其正確 形式填空 （包括否定形式）。 1. —Is David coming by train? —He should, but he _______ not. He likes driving his car. 2. No reader ________ remove a book from the library without the permission of the librarian. 3. The girl ________ be Mary— she's in New York.,can, shall, may, should, need, must,may,shall,can’t,4. That the well-dressed young man ________ speak to you like that is quite astonishing. 5.—________ I finish the job right now? —Yes, you must. 6.—Must we hand in our exercise books today? —No, you ________. 7. Haven’t you seen the sign “No parking” here? Cars ________ be parked here.,should,Need,needn’t,mustn’t,8. —Shall I inform her of the change of the meeting right now? —I am afraid you ________, in case he comes late for the meeting. 9. ________ you be interested, I’ll tell you the whole story. 10. It was an easy test and he ________ have passed, but he didn’t.,must,Should,should,III. 根據(jù)括號內的漢語提示補全下列句子。 1. She _________________________ (不需要親自來) —a letter would have been enough. 2. I lost your address, otherwise I __________ ____________ (早就寫信給你了). 3. They are always making trouble. I think it's high time they _________________ (被教訓一頓了).,needn’t have come in person,written to you,would have,were taught a lesson,4. He insisted I _________________ (應該打個車) and offered to pay for it. 5. Your advice that she___________________ _____ (等到下周) is reasonable. 6. I should not have made fool of you if I _____ _____________________ (早想到你是認真的). 7. If you had spent more time practicing making it before, you ___________________ ____________ (就能把它做得更好) now.,(should) take a taxi,(should) wait till next,thought you were serious,week,had,it much better,would be able to make,