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I 數(shù)控鏟磨床縱向進(jìn)給系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì) 摘 要 鏟磨床是滾刀、成型銑刀等復(fù)雜刀具的精加工機(jī)床。由于傳統(tǒng)鏟磨床加工 精度下降、生產(chǎn)效率低，工人勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度大，本設(shè)計(jì)對(duì)傳統(tǒng)鏟磨床的縱向進(jìn)給機(jī) 構(gòu)進(jìn)行數(shù)控化改造來改善其上述不足之處。 通過對(duì)目前工廠中傳統(tǒng)的鏟磨床進(jìn)行研究，參考數(shù)控機(jī)床的相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)，了 解鏟磨床縱向進(jìn)給部分的工作原理，并深入分析鏟磨床在加工的過程中各個(gè)零 部件的受力情況，按壽命計(jì)算選擇了絲杠的尺寸規(guī)格，并校核了額定動(dòng)載荷、 傳動(dòng)效率、剛度，最終選擇了漢江機(jī)床廠生產(chǎn)的滾珠絲杠。通過對(duì)主軸受力的 分析選擇了用推力球軸承承受軸向力，用深溝球軸承承受徑向力的形式。導(dǎo)軌 的選取參考了漢江機(jī)床廠生產(chǎn)的滾動(dòng)導(dǎo)軌，對(duì)導(dǎo)軌的壽命以及額定載荷進(jìn)行了 校核，均能滿足要求。電機(jī)根據(jù)滾珠絲杠的導(dǎo)程計(jì)算出的最高轉(zhuǎn)速，和傳動(dòng)過 程中的最大轉(zhuǎn)矩選取了富士公司的伺服電機(jī)并對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣量進(jìn)行了校核。由于采 用了閉環(huán)系統(tǒng)，在查閱了光柵尺的相關(guān)參數(shù)后，選擇 FAGOR 公司的光柵尺能使 在規(guī)定的行程內(nèi)定位分辨率達(dá)到要求。 通過上述設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)現(xiàn)了鏟磨床縱向進(jìn)給系統(tǒng)的數(shù)控化改造，滿足了加工精度 的要求，具有加工穩(wěn)定可靠，效率高等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。 關(guān)鍵詞: 數(shù)控鏟磨床;縱向進(jìn)給系統(tǒng);精加工;閉環(huán)系統(tǒng) II Design of Longitudinal Feed System of CNC Relief Grinding Machine Abstract CNC relief grinding machine is a complex tool finishing machine for hobbing cutter, formed mill cutter. Because traditional relief grinding machine’s accuracy and production efficiency is low, the workers labor intensity is too big .The purpose of the numerical control reformation for the longitudinal feed system of traditional relief grinding machine is to improve the performance. After the traditional relief grinding machine had been researched in the factory at present, and reference related literature of CNC machine tools, The longitudinal feed part of relief grinding machine of working principle, and in-depth analysis of relief grinding machine in the process of machining force situation of every parts and components. According to the life of screw，chosed the size of screw. And checked the dynamic load rating, transmission efficiency, stiffness. Ultimately chose the ball screw produced by Hanjiang Machine Tool Factory . Through the analysis of the force acting on the spindle. A thrust ball bearing under axial force had been chosed, and a deep groove ball bearings bear radial force. With reference to the rolling guide produced by Hanjiang Machine Tool Factory, and calculating the life of rail and rated load, All parameters of guide can satisfied the requirements. According to the highest speed of the motor which is calculated according to the lead of ball screw and maximum torque of transmission process, The servo motor Fuji Corp had been chosed. And the moment of inertia is checked. Due to the adoption of the closed-loop system, the related parameters of grating ruler lookup, The grating ruler produced by FAGOR company had been chosed, which can satisfied that Positioning resolution meet the requirements stipulated in the distance. Through the design , Implementation of the NC transformation of relief grinding machine longitudinal feed system, It meet’s the requirement of processing precision , and the processing is stable and reliable, high efficiency. III Key words:CNC relief grinding machine; Longitudinal feed system; Finish machining;Closed loop system IV 目 錄 1 緒論 .........................................................................................................................1 1.1 概述 .......................................................................................................................1 1.2 數(shù)控機(jī)床的優(yōu)點(diǎn) ...................................................................................................2 1.3 數(shù)控機(jī)床的組成 ...................................................................................................3 2 總體方案設(shè)計(jì) ......................................................................................................7 2.1 機(jī)床的運(yùn)動(dòng)關(guān)系 ...................................................................................................7 2.2 傳動(dòng)方案的設(shè)計(jì) ....................................................................................................7 2.2.1 絲杠的選型及支撐方式的設(shè)計(jì) ....................................................................7 2.2.2 檢系統(tǒng)的選取 ................................................................................................8 2.2.3 導(dǎo)軌的選定 ....................................................................................................8 2.2.4 絲杠和電機(jī)連接零件的選取 ........................................................................9 2.2.5 軸承類型的選取 ............................................................................................9 3 進(jìn)給伺服系統(tǒng)機(jī)械部分計(jì)算與校核 ..........................................................10 3.1 滾珠絲杠螺母副的計(jì)算和選型.........................................................................10 3.1.1 額定動(dòng)載荷 ..................................................................................................10 3.1.2 傳動(dòng)效率校核 ..............................................................................................12 3.2 軸承的計(jì)算和選型 .............................................................................................12 3.2.1 推力球軸承的選型 ......................................................................................12 3.2.2 深溝球軸承的選型 ......................................................................................13 3.3 絲杠的剛度和穩(wěn)定性校核 .................................................................................14 3.3.1 絲杠的剛度校核 .........................................................................................14 3.3.2 穩(wěn)定性校核 ..................................................................................................15 3.4 導(dǎo)軌的計(jì)算和選型 .............................................................................................15 3.4.1 滾動(dòng)直線導(dǎo)軌副行程長(zhǎng)度的壽命 ..............................................................15 3.5 伺服電機(jī)的計(jì)算和選型.....................................................................................16 3.5.1 電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速的選取 ..........................................................................................17 3.5.2 電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)矩的計(jì)算 ..........................................................................................17 3.5.3 轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣量的校核 ..........................................................................................18 3.6 編碼器的選型.....................................................................................................18 4 進(jìn)給系統(tǒng)機(jī)械部分結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) ........................................................................19 V 4.1 進(jìn)給伺服系統(tǒng)裝配圖的設(shè)計(jì) .............................................................................19 4.2 安裝過程中應(yīng)注意的問題 .................................................................................19 5 總結(jié) .......................................................................................................................21 參考文獻(xiàn) ....................................................................................................................22 致 謝 .........................................................................................................................23 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)聲明 ......................................................................24 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）獨(dú)創(chuàng)性聲明 ..........................................................................25 6 1 緒論 1.1 概述 我國(guó)目前機(jī)床總量為 380 萬余臺(tái)，而其中數(shù)控機(jī)床總數(shù)只有 11.34 萬臺(tái)， 這說明我國(guó)機(jī)床數(shù)控化率不到 3%。我們大多數(shù)制造業(yè)和企業(yè)的生產(chǎn)、加工設(shè)備 大多數(shù)是傳統(tǒng)機(jī)床，而且半數(shù)以上是役齡在 10 年以上的舊機(jī)床。用這種機(jī)床加 工出來的產(chǎn)品普遍存在質(zhì)量差、品種少、成本高等缺點(diǎn)，因此這些產(chǎn)品在國(guó)際、 國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)上缺乏競(jìng)爭(zhēng)了，這直接影響了企業(yè)的生存和發(fā)展。所以必須提高機(jī)床 的數(shù)控化率。