522 履帶拖拉機(jī)無級變速器設(shè)計(jì)（行星機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)）（有cad圖）,522,履帶拖拉機(jī)無級變速器設(shè)計(jì)（行星機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)）（有cad圖）,履帶,拖拉機(jī),無級,變速器,設(shè)計(jì),行星,機(jī)構(gòu),cad 履帶拖拉機(jī)無級變速器設(shè)計(jì)（行星機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)） 摘 要 目前國際上大功率履帶拖拉機(jī)以及部分工程車輛的傳動(dòng)系廣泛采用液力變矩器與動(dòng)力換檔變速箱組合形式，即動(dòng)力機(jī)械傳動(dòng)。還有部分先進(jìn)機(jī)型采用了全液壓傳動(dòng)技術(shù)，其操縱已由手動(dòng)電液控制或微電腦控制技術(shù)方面發(fā)展，并取得非常好的效果，大大提高了整機(jī)行駛平順和作業(yè)性能，雖然他們都具有無級變速的功能，操縱輕便，整機(jī)動(dòng)力性好，可靠性高，但由于傳動(dòng)系的傳動(dòng)效率較低，直接影響了整機(jī)生產(chǎn)率和經(jīng)濟(jì)性。 液壓機(jī)械無級變速器是綜合了機(jī)械傳動(dòng)高效率和液壓傳動(dòng)無級變速兩方面優(yōu)點(diǎn)的新型傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)。液壓機(jī)械無級傳動(dòng)是一種多流傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)，它將功率分為液壓和機(jī)械兩路傳遞，分流機(jī)構(gòu)分流后液壓馬達(dá)在正向和反向最大速度之間來回?zé)o級變速。其每一個(gè)行程和行星齒輪機(jī)構(gòu)的一種工況相配合，最兩路匯合成由若干無級調(diào)速段相銜接并組逐段升高的全程無級變化輸出速度。和液力機(jī)械傳動(dòng)相比，裝載量最大可提高30%，燃油經(jīng)濟(jì)性最大可提高25%。 此設(shè)計(jì)主要是針對行星齒輪機(jī)構(gòu)以及控制部分離合器的設(shè)計(jì)。對于行星齒輪采用單排的結(jié)構(gòu)形式，這樣可以減小整個(gè)無級變速器的軸向尺寸，但是為了能夠承受較大的和變化的載荷，于是在中心輪的周圍均勻地分布著數(shù)個(gè)行星輪來共同分擔(dān)載荷。本設(shè)計(jì)采用3個(gè)行星論均勻的布置形式就可以達(dá)到要求。其控制部分采用多片的用壓力油控制的濕式離合器。離合器隨著載荷的增加可以增多摩擦片的對數(shù)或增加其徑向尺寸。在設(shè)計(jì)的過程中這兩方面是綜合考慮的，因?yàn)椴豢赡苁馆S向或徑向的尺寸過分的偏大。 關(guān)鍵詞：拖拉機(jī)，液壓機(jī)械傳動(dòng)，無級變速器，行星排 DESIGN OF CONTINUOSLY VARIABLE TRANSMISSION OF TRACKED TRACTOR（PLANETARY GEARS DESIGN）　 ABSTRACT At present, international large crawler tractors, as well as some works vehicles widely used transmission torque converter with variable power shift speed box combinations, which is the power mechanical drive. There are also some advanced models use a hydraulic transmission technology, which has been manually manipulated its electro-hydraulic control or microcomputer control technology development, and achieved very good results, greatly enhance the overall ride comfort and operational performance, although they have CVT function, manipulating light, whole dynamic, and high reliability, but because the transmission system drive less efficient direct impact on the overall productivity and economy. Hydraulic machinery CVT is a synthesis of highly efficient mechanical transmission and hydraulic drive CVT merits of the two new motivation - structure. Hydro-Mechanical - drive is a multi-stream transmission, power will be divided into two hydraulic and mechanical transmission path, streaming agencies triaged hydraulic motor in forward and reverse maximum speed between both CVT. Each of its itinerary and a planetary gear mechanism for a state match, most roads converge into two by a number of variable speed converge and the group has to absolutely no higher level of output speed changes. Hydraulic and mechanical transmission, the loading capacity can be increased by 30%, fuel economy can be increased 25%. This design is mainly directed against planetary gear mechanism and the control of the clutch part of the design. For single planetary gear arrangement of the structure, thus reducing the entire CVT axial dimensions, however, in order to be able to make and take greater changes in the load, So in the center of the round around evenly distributed several planetary gear to load shared. The three designs on the planet uniform layout can meet the requirements. Clutch with load increasing friction can increase the number of tablets or increase its radial dimension. In the process of designing these two aspects are considered, as it is impossible to make radial or axial dimensions excessive. Key words：tractor，hydro-mechanical transmission，continuously variable transmission, planetary gears 符 號 說 明 K 載荷系數(shù) D 摩擦片的外徑 d 摩擦片的內(nèi)徑 B 儲備系數(shù) q 摩擦片的單位壓力Mpa R 摩擦片的平均作用半徑m F 摩擦面的平均作用面積 每個(gè)摩擦副扣除溝槽后的凈面積 摩擦片上的總壓力N 摩擦系數(shù) 花鍵軸的摩擦系數(shù) 摩擦片的對數(shù) 壓力損失系數(shù) 旋轉(zhuǎn)油缸的轉(zhuǎn)速 旋轉(zhuǎn)軸的外徑 排油需要的壓力Mpa q 油缸的工作壓力Mpa 密封圈的摩擦阻力N 壓力損失對活塞的阻力N 離心力對活塞的阻力N 回位彈簧力N 最小工作載荷是 彈簧的剛度 最小工作下的變形量 最大工作下的變形量 最小切應(yīng)力 最大切應(yīng)力 目 錄 第一章 緒論......................................1 §1.1 液壓機(jī)械無級變速器研究的意義....................1 §1.2 液壓機(jī)械無級變速器的傳動(dòng)原理....................1 §1.3 此設(shè)計(jì)的研究重點(diǎn)................................2 第二章 行星齒輪的設(shè)計(jì)與計(jì)算.........................4 §2.1行星齒輪的特點(diǎn)分析..............................4 §2.2行星齒輪的尺寸計(jì)算..............................6 第三章 離合器的設(shè)計(jì)與計(jì)算...........................9 §3.1 離合器的特點(diǎn)分析................................9 §3.1.1 摩擦離合器的作用........................... 9 §3.1.2 濕式摩擦離合器的設(shè)計(jì)要點(diǎn)...................10 §3.2 離合器的計(jì)算............................... .11 §3.2.1 離合器的尺寸計(jì)算.........................11 §3.2.2 離合器的彈簧計(jì)算.........................12 §3.3 離合器計(jì)算...................................15 §3.3.1 離合器的尺寸計(jì)算.........................15 §3.3.2 離合器的彈簧計(jì)算.........................16 §3.4 離合器的計(jì)算.................................19 §3.4.1 離合器的尺寸計(jì)算.........................19 §3.4.2 離合器的彈簧計(jì)算.........................20 §3.5 離合器的計(jì)算.................................23 §3.5.1 離合器的尺寸計(jì)算.........................23 §3.5.2 離合器的彈簧計(jì)算.........................24 第四章 結(jié)論...........................................28 參考文獻(xiàn)...............................................29 致謝...................................................31 V