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2019-2020年高一英語(yǔ)上冊(cè) nit2 English around the world(備課資料)教案 大綱人教版第一冊(cè) I、異域風(fēng)情 1．Noah Webster and the first American dictionary Noah Webster was born On October 16,1758．in the West Division of Hartford .His father farmed and worked as a weaver. His mother worked at home．Noah and his two brothers，Charles and Abraham, helped father with the farm work．Noah’s sister, Mercy and Jerusha, worked with their mother to keep house and make food and clothing for the family． Few people went to college，but Noah loved to learn so his parents let him go to Yale, Connecticut’s only college．Noah graduated in l778．He wanted to study law, but his parents could not afford to give him more money for school．So，in order to make a living，Noah taught in Glastonbury, Hartford and West Hartford．Later he studied law. Noah did not like American schools. Sometimes 70 children of all age were crammed into one-room schoolhouses with no desks，poor books, and untrained teachers. Their books came from England. Noah thought that Americans should learn from American books．so in 1783, Noah wrote his own textbook：A Grammatical Institute of the English Language．Most people called it the “Blue-backed Speller” because of its blue cover． For 100 years，Noah’s book taught children how to read．spell, and pronounce words．It was the most popular book of its time．Ben Franklin used book to teach his granddaughter to read. When Noah was 43,he started the first American dictionary．He did this because Americans in different parts of the country spelled. pronounced and used words differently．He thought that all should speak the same way．He also that Americans should not speak and spell just like the English. Noah used American spellings like “color” instead 0f the English “colour” and “music” instead of “musick”．He also added American words that werent in English dictionaries like “skunk(臭鼬)”and “squash(瓜菜)”．It took him over 27 years to write his book．When finished in 1828．a(chǎn)t the age of 70,Noahs dictionary had 70 000 words in it． Noah did many things in his life．He worked for copyright(版權(quán))laws，wrote textbooks，Americanized the English language, and edited magazines．When Noah Webster died in 1843 he was considered an American hero． 2．The Origin of Words About three hundred words in the English．language e from the names of people．Many of these words are technical words．When there is a new invention or discovery．A new word may be coined(杜撰)after the inventor or scientist． It is interesting to observe how many words have found their way into the from the names of people．Lord Sandwich who lived from 1718 to 1792 used at the gambling table eating bread with meat in between．As the Lord was the only one among his friends who ate bread in that bread “sandwich” for fun．Later on the word became part language． The word “boycott” means to refuse to have anything to do with somebody or something. It es from a man called Captain Is a land agent in 1880 and he and taxes for an English landowner in Ireland. But the Captain was a very harsh(苛刻的)man．He treated his poor tenants very badly. His tenants decided not to speak to him at all. Eventually word got back to the landowner and the Captain was removed. The word “boycott” became popular everyone to mean the kind of treatment that was received by Captain Boycott. II、知識(shí)歸納 (一)英語(yǔ)中表示“請(qǐng)求(requests)”情況歸納： （1）.提出請(qǐng)求表達(dá) The radio is too loud. Can you turn it down a little? 收音機(jī)的聲音太大了，你能將它的音量調(diào)小一點(diǎn)嗎？ Excuse me, could you tell me when the next train leaves for Beijing? 請(qǐng)問(wèn)下一班列車何時(shí)去北京？ Excuse me, would you mind stopping talking? 對(duì)不起，請(qǐng)不要講話好嗎？ Shut the door, will you? 請(qǐng)把門關(guān)上，好嗎？ May I use your English-Chinese dictionary? 我可以用你的英漢詞典嗎？ Would you like to go out for a walk now? 現(xiàn)在你愿意出去走一走嗎？ Don’t rush (hurry)/crowd. 不要匆忙/擠！ No smoking, please. 請(qǐng)勿吸煙。 （2）.愉快接受請(qǐng)求表達(dá) Certainly/ Of course/Sure! 當(dāng)然可以！ With pleasure! 十分愿意！ I’ll be glad /pleased to. 我很樂(lè)意！ Yes, all right.好的。 No problem.沒(méi)問(wèn)題。 Certainly, just help yourself. 當(dāng)然，請(qǐng)自便。 I will if I can. 如果我能，我會(huì)的。 Not at all./Of course not. 根本不/當(dāng)然不。 （3）.客氣地拒絕請(qǐng)求表達(dá) I’d like(love)to，but I have no time. 我很愿意，但我沒(méi)時(shí)間。 I’m sorry I can’t. 對(duì)不起，我不能。 No, I’m afraid not/I can’t. 不，恐怕我不能。 I’d like to say yes, but that’s impossible. 我倒是想答應(yīng)的，但那是不可能的。 I’m sorry, but I’m using it now. 對(duì)不起，不過(guò)我現(xiàn)在正好用它。 2.表示“許多”的詞語(yǔ)歸納 （1）.只能修飾可數(shù)名詞的有： many, a good/great many, a(large/great)number of, many a(+n.) e.g. A good many animals sleep under the snow. 很多動(dòng)物都在雪底下冬眠。 To build this house, a great number of bricks are needed. 蓋這所房子需要大量磚頭。 Many a student has visited the exhibition. 許多學(xué)生參觀了這次展覽。 （2）.只能修飾不可數(shù)名詞的有： much, a great/good deal of, a great amount of e.g. It cost me a great deal of money. 它花了我很多錢。 Is there much ink in the bottle? 瓶子里有很多墨水嗎？ He gave his wife a great amount of money. 他給了他妻子一大筆錢。 （3）.可數(shù)和不可數(shù)名詞均可修飾的有： a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a large/great quantity of, quantities of e.g. Every day people throw away lots of rubbish. 人們每天都倒掉很多垃圾。 We have plenty of rain in the south in spring. 春天南方雨水很多。 A great quantity of flowers was placed on the dead boy’s body. 孩子的尸體上蓋滿了鮮花。 There are large quantities of food in the cupboard. 食櫥里有許多食物。 III、詞語(yǔ)辨析 1. What about, Would you like, Would you please (1)What about…?在口語(yǔ)中，通常用來(lái)征求對(duì)方的意見或提出建議，后面一般接名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞、副詞或狀語(yǔ)從句。它可用how about替換。 e.g.—What about going to London this summer? 今年夏天去倫敦怎么樣？ —Good idea.好主意。 (2)Would you like…?在口語(yǔ)中，通常用來(lái)征求對(duì)方看法、想法或提出請(qǐng)求、邀請(qǐng)，其后通常接名詞、代詞、不定式或帶不定式的復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)。 e.g.—Would you like to e to supper this evening? 今晚來(lái)吃飯好嗎？ —Oh, thank you! I’d love to! 好，謝謝！我很樂(lè)意！ Would you like a cup of coffee? 你想來(lái)杯咖啡嗎？ (3)Would you please…?在口語(yǔ)中，通常用來(lái)表示委婉客氣的請(qǐng)求，后接動(dòng)詞原形。 e.g. I can hardly hear the radio, would you please turn it up? 我?guī)缀趼牪灰娛找魴C(jī)的聲音，請(qǐng)開的大聲點(diǎn)好嗎？ 2. know, know of, know about (1)know用作動(dòng)詞，意思是“(直接地)獲知，懂得，認(rèn)識(shí)，熟悉”。 e.g. She knows a lot of English. 她懂得很多英語(yǔ)。 I don’t know whether he is here or not. 我不知道他是否在這兒。 I know him to be honest. 我知道他很誠(chéng)實(shí)。 I know Mr. White by sight but have never spoken to him. 我常見到懷特先生，但從未同他講話。 I know the place very well. 我對(duì)那地方很熟悉。 know之后不能直接跟不定式，要說(shuō)know how to do。 e.g. I don’t know how to do the work. 我不知道怎樣做那件事。 (2)know of 和know about的意思都是“(間接地)獲知”，指聽別人說(shuō)到或從書報(bào)上看到，二者沒(méi)有什么區(qū)別。 e.g. I know of/about him, but I don’t know him. 我聽說(shuō)過(guò)他，但不認(rèn)識(shí)他。 I know about/of that last week. 我上星期聽說(shuō)過(guò)那件事。 3. for example, such as (1)for example“例如”，用來(lái)舉例說(shuō)明某一論點(diǎn)或情況。一般只舉同類人或物中的“一個(gè)”為例，作插入語(yǔ)，可位于句首、句中或句末?？捎胒or instance替換。 e.g. For example, air is invisible. 例如，空氣是看不見的。 Ball games, for example, have spread around the world. 例如，球類運(yùn)動(dòng)已經(jīng)在世界各地傳播開了。 His spelling is terrible! Look at the word for example. 他的拼寫太糟糕了！比如就看這個(gè)詞吧。 (2)such as“例如”，用來(lái)列舉事物，一般列舉同類人或事物中的幾個(gè)例子。插在被列舉的事物與前面的名詞之間，as后面不可有逗號(hào)。 e.g. Some of the European Languages e from Latin, such as French, Italian and Spanish. 有些歐洲語(yǔ)言來(lái)源于拉丁語(yǔ)。例如法語(yǔ)、意大利語(yǔ)和西班牙語(yǔ)。 Some of the rubbish, such as food, paper and iron, rots away over a long period of time. 有些廢物，如剩飯、廢紙和鐵，時(shí)間一長(zhǎng)就爛掉了。 注：如把前面所述情況全部舉出，用that is或namely。 e.g. He knows four languages, that is/namely Chinese, French, English and Japanese. 他懂四種語(yǔ)言，即漢語(yǔ)、法語(yǔ)、英語(yǔ)和日語(yǔ)。 4. change into, change for, change with (1)change into“變成為……”，change…into… “把……變成……”。 e.g. Ice changes into water rapidly on a hot day. 熱天冰很快化成水。 The fairy changed the cat into a swan. 仙女把貓變成了一只天鵝。 (2)change for…“向……方向轉(zhuǎn)化”，change A for B “用A換取B” e.g. The weather has changed for the better. 天氣轉(zhuǎn)好了。 He has changed his old bicycle for a new one. 他已把舊自行車換成新的了。 (3)change with“隨同……而變”，change…with sb.“和某人交換……”。 e.g. Times changed and we should change with them. 時(shí)代在變，我們也應(yīng)跟著變。 Will you change seats with me? 你愿意和我換座位嗎？ IV、能力訓(xùn)練 1.單句改錯(cuò) 1. Do sit down by the fire and make yourself at your home. 簡(jiǎn)析：把your去掉。make oneself at home是固定詞組，不加your, the等詞。 2. There are more than 42 countries where the majority of people speak English. 簡(jiǎn)析：把speaks 改為speak。the majority of作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)常用復(fù)數(shù)。 3. I like same music as you. 簡(jiǎn)析：same前加the,因the same…as…意為“與……同樣的”，same前的the不可省略。 4. He municated the whole story with me. 簡(jiǎn)析：把with改為to。municate作“和……交流思想”解，用municate with sb.作“傳達(dá)、傳送”解，句型是municate sth. to sb.。 5. I spent a great many money on English books last year. 簡(jiǎn)析：many改為deal of,因money為不可數(shù)名詞，a great many只能修飾可數(shù)名詞。 6. One student in three wear glasses. 簡(jiǎn)析：wear改為wears,因決定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的是one student而不是three。 2.句型轉(zhuǎn)換 每空填一詞，使兩句意義相同。 1. How did this accident happen? How did this accident ___________ ___________? 答案：e about 2. It was not difficult for the police to find out the murderer. The police had no ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________the murderer. 答案：difficulty in finding out 3. Mary and Jane are both good students. ___________ Mary ___________Jane are good students. 答案：Both; and 4. Nobody can answer this question quickly. There is ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________this question. 答案：no quick answer to 5. Watch how I water the flowers, and you water them in the same way. Water the flowers ___________I ___________. 答案：as; do 6. In total, there are 60 students in the classroom. ___________there are 60 students in the classroom. 答案：Altogether